쉐도잉 연습: Third Speaker - Debating Role - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
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Hello and welcome to Deliberate Debating.
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Today we're going to be having a look at the third speaker for both the affirmative and the negative team.
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We're going to be having a look at the order in
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which they say things and some examples of what to say if you are the third speaker.
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General information.
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You're going to be the last speaker for your team.
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Your aim is really to overview the main themes and ideas of the debate so far, really focusing in on your team,
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how your team's arguments and debate have been superior.
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You will be using the team split to summarise what's been said thus far.
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That will take up about one to two minutes of your speech.
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Know the team line.
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Use the team line as often as you can in your speech by rephrasing it
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and slipping it in either as linking sentences or sometimes even as topic sentences.
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As the third speaker you will be thinking on your toes a lot.
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Most of your speech you will not know until the night.
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This means that you need to come prepared with lots of blank cue cards,
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fill them in on the night and really be confident in how you speak and what you say.
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Outline of the speech.
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So as the third speaker there are three things that you will be doing.
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The first thing is doing a rebuttal.
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Now this rebuttal includes the outline of the key issues during the whole debate
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and it also means a general rebuttal and rebutting the rebuttals if it's required.
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We'll get into that in a moment.
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The second thing you will do is summarize the key arguments.
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This should be 20 % or one to two minutes of your speech.
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It's really important in your speech that you end on a strong statement,
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something powerful that will leave the audience thinking that there is no way the other team are correct.
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Okay, step one is a rebuttal.
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The first thing that you will be doing is to outline the key points, arguments and issues within the debate.
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This means going over what the opposition team have said and rebutting what it is that they've argued.
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This does include the opposing teams rebutting something that your team has said.
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So the rebuttals can go back and forth between the teams
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and this is your last chance to prove why your team is correct in that particular issue.
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Attack the arguments made by the opposition.
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Use evidence, logic and reason to prove the opposition that they are wrong.
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Remain professional in your rebuttals.
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Remember that this isn't personal, it is a debate.
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Where possible, plan for the rebuttals.
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Put yourself in the opposition's shoes and really stop and think about what they might be arguing, what evidence they might find,
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and find some counter -arguments and counter -evidence to help you before the debate.
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Go to the debate with lots of blank cue cards
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because you do have the opportunity while speakers are talking to write out the rebuttals that you will say.
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So here's an example of a rebuttal.
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It's by no means complete, but it's a nice start.
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The affirmative team have continuously and erroneously stated that screen time is harmful to children.
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As we have substantiated repeatedly, screen time is a powerful tool which can be harnessed to improve child development,
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as seen through the use of learning apps, and it can be used to teach communication amongst other vital life skills.
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We cannot remove these modern and significant devices from children's hands due to a few neglectful parents.
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Society has embraced technology and so should children.
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The advantages that our children can gain from technology can benefit the child,
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the parents, and in the long run, society and our world.
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Step number two, summarise the key arguments.
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Here, your task is to summarise and emphasise the team split and line.
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These have already been stated by the first and second speaker,
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and what you're really doing is giving a nice overview and summary of what they've said.
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You should outline your team's case and spend around two to three minutes summarising what they've said.
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So, here's an example.
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You can have no doubt left that technology is helpful and has added to the development of our relationships, our culture and our society.
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As the first speaker stated, social media has assisted in enhancing and improving relationships.
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Research and data is supporting this argument, finding that social media users place more trust in their friends.
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Who can distrust technology for encouraging more love and more care in our world?
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Technology assists in creating friends, making friends, providing opportunities for those who are disabled,
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or even those who suffer from anxiety to reach out and communicate.
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Our first speaker also presented the argument that
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The third and final thing that you will do as the third speaker is to end on a strong statement.
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This is going to be the final comment for your team
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so we want it to really hit the audience in the adjudicator hard.
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Begin with the team line.
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and then move to a logical and emotive statement to really resonate with the audience and adjudicator.
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Let's have a look at an example.
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Technology has helped our society and should not be accused of hurting our lives and our relationships.
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In fact, technology has added to our understanding of the world, each other, and enhanced our relationships with beloved friends and family.
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I ask you, where would we be today without technology?
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Why would we move backwards in development, knowledge and social life?
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Technology is the single most greatest development that the world has ever seen.
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And it can only get better from here.
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Better for you, better for your family, better for your friends and everyone else that you hold dear.
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Thank you for listening.
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The third and final thing that you will do as the third speaker is to end on a strong statement.
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This is going to be the final comment for your team, so we want it to really hit the audience and the adjudicator hard.
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Begin with the team line and then move to a logical and emotive statement to really resonate with the audience and adjudicator.
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Let's have a look at an example.
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Technology has helped our society and should not be accused of hurting our lives and our relationships.
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In fact, technology has added to our understanding of the world, each other, and enhanced our relationships with beloved friends and family.
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I ask you, where would we be today without technology?
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Why would we move backwards in development, knowledge, and social life?
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Technology is the single most greatest development that the world has ever seen.
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And it can only get better from here better for you, better for your family, better for your friends and everyone else that you hold dear.
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Thank you for listening.
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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트
이 말하기 레슨은 영상 “Third Speaker - Debating Role”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: technology, speaker, rebuttal, argument, debate. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 89개와 단어 1160개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 6:53입니다. 화자는 분당 약 168단어로, 일상 대화에 가까운 자연스러운 속도로 말합니다. 단어의 89%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속해 어휘가 쉬운 편입니다.
이 영상의 핵심 어휘
영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 단어 | 발음 | 뜻 |
|---|---|---|
| argue 동사 | /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ | 논하다, 의논하다 |
| assist 동사 | /əˈsɪst/ | 돕다 |
| beloved 형용사 | /bɪˈlʌvd/ | 사랑하는 |
| overview 명사 | /ˈoʊ.vɚˌvjuː/ | 개요 |
| accuse 동사 | /əˈkjuz/ | 고소하다 |
| topic 명사 | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | 화제, 주제 |
| superior 형용사 | /sʊˈpɪɹ.i.ɚ/ | 우수한 |
| anxiety 명사 | /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/ | 걱정, 불안 |
| encourage 동사 | /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ | 격려하다 |
| suffer 동사 | /ˈsʌfɚ/ | 괴로와하다, 시달리다 |
| skill 명사 | /skɪl/ | 기술, 스킬 |
| vital 형용사 | /ˈvaɪtəl/ | 생명의 |
| summary 명사 | /ˈsʌm.ə.ɹi/ | 요약, 개요 |
| amongst | /əˈmʌŋst/ | 가운데, 사이 |
| slip 동사 | /ˈslɪp/ | 미끄러지다 |
영상에 나오는 구동사
| 단어 | 뜻 |
|---|---|
| go back 동사 | 돌아가다 |
따라 말해 볼 만한 문장
영상에 나오는 짧고 완결된 문장으로, 일상 대화에서 그대로 쓸 수 있습니다:
- We'll get into that in a moment.
- Let's have a look at an example.
- I ask you, where would we be today without technology?
- Why would we move backwards in development, knowledge and social life?
- Why would we move backwards in development, knowledge, and social life?
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| 현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때 | have been · what's been said · have said |
| 수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점 | been said · can be harnessed · been stated |
| 관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보 | tool which can · those who are · those who suffer |
주의할 발음
화자는 they've, we're, you're 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 9번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.
- “sh”와 “zh” 소리: shoe /ˈʃu/, substantiate /səbˈstænʃieɪt/
- 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: affirmative /əˈfɝməɾɪv/, superior /sʊˈpɪɹ.i.ɚ/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, repeatedly /ɹɪˈpiːtɪdli/, communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/
한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:
- /f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: affirmative /əˈfɝməɾɪv/, suffer /ˈsʌfɚ/, helpful /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/, harmful /ˈhɑɹmfl̩/
- /v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: beloved /bɪˈlʌvd/, overview /ˈoʊ.vɚˌvjuː/, affirmative /əˈfɝməɾɪv/, vital /ˈvaɪtəl/, emotive /ɪˈməʊtɪv/
- /z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: accuse /əˈkjuz/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, oppose /əˈpoʊz/, summarize /ˈsʌməˌɹaɪz/, resonate /ˈɹɛz.əˌneɪt/
이 영상으로 연습하는 방법
- 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
- 0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
- 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, argue, assist, beloved 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.