跟讀練習: Third Speaker - Debating Role - 通過影片學習英語口語
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Hello and welcome to Deliberate Debating.
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Today we're going to be having a look at the third speaker for both the affirmative and the negative team.
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We're going to be having a look at the order in
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which they say things and some examples of what to say if you are the third speaker.
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General information.
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You're going to be the last speaker for your team.
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Your aim is really to overview the main themes and ideas of the debate so far, really focusing in on your team,
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how your team's arguments and debate have been superior.
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You will be using the team split to summarise what's been said thus far.
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That will take up about one to two minutes of your speech.
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Know the team line.
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Use the team line as often as you can in your speech by rephrasing it
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and slipping it in either as linking sentences or sometimes even as topic sentences.
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As the third speaker you will be thinking on your toes a lot.
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Most of your speech you will not know until the night.
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This means that you need to come prepared with lots of blank cue cards,
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fill them in on the night and really be confident in how you speak and what you say.
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Outline of the speech.
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So as the third speaker there are three things that you will be doing.
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The first thing is doing a rebuttal.
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Now this rebuttal includes the outline of the key issues during the whole debate
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and it also means a general rebuttal and rebutting the rebuttals if it's required.
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We'll get into that in a moment.
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The second thing you will do is summarize the key arguments.
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This should be 20 % or one to two minutes of your speech.
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It's really important in your speech that you end on a strong statement,
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something powerful that will leave the audience thinking that there is no way the other team are correct.
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Okay, step one is a rebuttal.
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The first thing that you will be doing is to outline the key points, arguments and issues within the debate.
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This means going over what the opposition team have said and rebutting what it is that they've argued.
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This does include the opposing teams rebutting something that your team has said.
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So the rebuttals can go back and forth between the teams
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and this is your last chance to prove why your team is correct in that particular issue.
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Attack the arguments made by the opposition.
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Use evidence, logic and reason to prove the opposition that they are wrong.
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Remain professional in your rebuttals.
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Remember that this isn't personal, it is a debate.
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Where possible, plan for the rebuttals.
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Put yourself in the opposition's shoes and really stop and think about what they might be arguing, what evidence they might find,
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and find some counter -arguments and counter -evidence to help you before the debate.
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Go to the debate with lots of blank cue cards
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because you do have the opportunity while speakers are talking to write out the rebuttals that you will say.
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So here's an example of a rebuttal.
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It's by no means complete, but it's a nice start.
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The affirmative team have continuously and erroneously stated that screen time is harmful to children.
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As we have substantiated repeatedly, screen time is a powerful tool which can be harnessed to improve child development,
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as seen through the use of learning apps, and it can be used to teach communication amongst other vital life skills.
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We cannot remove these modern and significant devices from children's hands due to a few neglectful parents.
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Society has embraced technology and so should children.
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The advantages that our children can gain from technology can benefit the child,
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the parents, and in the long run, society and our world.
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Step number two, summarise the key arguments.
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Here, your task is to summarise and emphasise the team split and line.
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These have already been stated by the first and second speaker,
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and what you're really doing is giving a nice overview and summary of what they've said.
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You should outline your team's case and spend around two to three minutes summarising what they've said.
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So, here's an example.
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You can have no doubt left that technology is helpful and has added to the development of our relationships, our culture and our society.
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As the first speaker stated, social media has assisted in enhancing and improving relationships.
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Research and data is supporting this argument, finding that social media users place more trust in their friends.
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Who can distrust technology for encouraging more love and more care in our world?
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Technology assists in creating friends, making friends, providing opportunities for those who are disabled,
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or even those who suffer from anxiety to reach out and communicate.
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Our first speaker also presented the argument that
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The third and final thing that you will do as the third speaker is to end on a strong statement.
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This is going to be the final comment for your team
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so we want it to really hit the audience in the adjudicator hard.
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Begin with the team line.
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and then move to a logical and emotive statement to really resonate with the audience and adjudicator.
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Let's have a look at an example.
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Technology has helped our society and should not be accused of hurting our lives and our relationships.
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In fact, technology has added to our understanding of the world, each other, and enhanced our relationships with beloved friends and family.
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I ask you, where would we be today without technology?
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Why would we move backwards in development, knowledge and social life?
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Technology is the single most greatest development that the world has ever seen.
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And it can only get better from here.
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Better for you, better for your family, better for your friends and everyone else that you hold dear.
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Thank you for listening.
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The third and final thing that you will do as the third speaker is to end on a strong statement.
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This is going to be the final comment for your team, so we want it to really hit the audience and the adjudicator hard.
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Begin with the team line and then move to a logical and emotive statement to really resonate with the audience and adjudicator.
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Let's have a look at an example.
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Technology has helped our society and should not be accused of hurting our lives and our relationships.
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In fact, technology has added to our understanding of the world, each other, and enhanced our relationships with beloved friends and family.
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I ask you, where would we be today without technology?
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Why would we move backwards in development, knowledge, and social life?
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Technology is the single most greatest development that the world has ever seen.
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And it can only get better from here better for you, better for your family, better for your friends and everyone else that you hold dear.
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Thank you for listening.
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節口語課以影片“Third Speaker - Debating Role”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：technology, speaker, rebuttal, argument, debate。 這段影片共有 89 個句子、1160 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 6:53。 說話人語速自然，每分鐘約 168 個詞，接近日常對話。 89% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙容易理解。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| outline 名詞 | /ˈaʊtlaɪn/ | 輪廓 /輪廓 |
| enhance 動詞 | /ɪnˈhæns/ | 改善 |
| argue 動詞 | /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ | 辯論 /辯論, 爭辯 /爭辯 |
| assist 動詞 | /əˈsɪst/ | 幫 /幫, 幫助 /幫助 |
| beloved 形容詞 | /bɪˈlʌvd/ | 親愛的 /親愛的, 心愛的 /心愛的 |
| overview 名詞 | /ˈoʊ.vɚˌvjuː/ | 概觀 /概觀 |
| accuse 動詞 | /əˈkjuz/ | 指責 /指責, 控告 |
| backward 形容詞 | /ˈbækwɚd/ | 逆向 |
| topic 名詞 | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | 主題 /主題, 話題 /話題 |
| superior 形容詞 | /sʊˈpɪɹ.i.ɚ/ | 優越 /優越 |
| anxiety 名詞 | /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/ | 焦慮 /焦慮, 擔心 |
| encourage 動詞 | /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ | 鼓勵 /鼓勵, 激勵 /激勵 |
| suffer 動詞 | /ˈsʌfɚ/ | 受苦, 遭受 |
| helpful 形容詞 | /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/ | 有幫助 /有幫助 |
| skill 名詞 | /skɪl/ | 技巧, 技能 |
影片中出現的短語動詞
| 單詞 | 釋義 |
|---|---|
| go back 動詞 | 回去, 返回 |
| see through 動詞 | 看透 |
值得反覆跟讀的句子
影片中簡短而完整的句子，可以直接用在日常對話裡：
- We'll get into that in a moment.
- Let's have a look at an example.
- I ask you, where would we be today without technology?
- Why would we move backwards in development, knowledge and social life?
- Why would we move backwards in development, knowledge, and social life?
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | have been · what's been said · have said |
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | been said · can be harnessed · been stated |
| 定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物 | tool which can · those who are · those who suffer |
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 9 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 they've, we're, you're。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: shoe /ˈʃu/, substantiate /səbˈstænʃieɪt/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: affirmative /əˈfɝməɾɪv/, superior /sʊˈpɪɹ.i.ɚ/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, repeatedly /ɹɪˈpiːtɪdli/, communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- /v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: beloved /bɪˈlʌvd/, overview /ˈoʊ.vɚˌvjuː/, affirmative /əˈfɝməɾɪv/, vital /ˈvaɪtəl/, emotive /ɪˈməʊtɪv/
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: enhance /ɪnˈhæns/, assist /əˈsɪst/, beloved /bɪˈlʌvd/, blank /ˈblæŋk/, accuse /əˈkjuz/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: repeatedly /ɹɪˈpiːtɪdli/, harmful /ˈhɑɹmfl̩/, rebuttal /ɹiˈbʌt.əl/, erroneously /ɪˈɹəʊnɪəsli/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 outline, enhance, argue 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。