Shadowing-Übung: Why Do We Have More Boys Than Girls? - Englisch Sprechen Lernen mit Video

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Most parents-to-be assume that the sex of their child comes down to a flip of the chromosomal coin, with an equal chance of having a boy or a girl.
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But in reality, the odds aren't even.
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For every 100 girls born, the world gains about 106 baby boys.
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Currently, that skewed sex ratio comes out to roughly 10 million more baby boys than girls born worldwide each year.
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There are some countries where human meddling stacks the odds even higher in favor of boys, but that doesn't explain the fixed odds everywhere else.
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The intrinsic boy-girl ratio is rigged by Mother Nature.
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In fact, it's even more rigged than birth rates show.
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Human conception results in about 150 male zygotes for every 100 females.
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But there's a rather tragic reason for this big biological boy bias early on.
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Male fetuses are much more likely to be miscarried or stillborn than female fetuses.
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And boys that do make it out of the womb suffer more fatal diseases, take more mortal risks and fall prey to more violence than girls.
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So by the time kids grow up and reach baby-making age, the ratio of males to females is just about one to one.
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But the likelihood of a boy even making it to birth is also influenced by his mom's living conditions during pregnancy.
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For example, when a massive famine struck China in the 1960s, the relative likelihood of having a son suddenly dropped, until the famine ended.
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And male Americans born to billionaires seem to have higher than average odds of fathering sons.
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Somehow, female biology suppresses boy survival in the womb during tough times and boosts it when times are good.
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We've seen the same pattern in other mammals, too.
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When resources are scarce, mothers give birth to fewer males than normal.
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When resources are plentiful, they bear more.
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The best explanation we have for this has to do with sex, the other kind.
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In biological terms, the whole goal of copulation is to reproduce, to pass down your genes to someone who will someday pass them on again.
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Female offspring are almost guaranteed to reproduce, famine or no famine, because male mammals are pretty much always willing to mate.
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Males, on the other hand, have to compete for mating privileges.
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A well-nurtured hunk has a good chance of mating with lots of females, while a male weakened by famine might not score at all.
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So male offspring are a bigger risk in general.
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At all stages, they're more likely to die.
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And even if they live, they might not reproduce.
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But when times are good, boys' potential to father lots and lots of babies make them a biological risk worth taking.

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Wortschatz und Sprechhinweise zu dieser Lektion

Dieses Video enthält 28 Sätze und 452 Wörter zum Nachsprechen. Der gesprochene Teil dauert 2:27. Der Sprecher spricht schnell, etwa 184 Wörter pro Minute – rechne mit verbundenen und verkürzten Lauten. Nur 78 % der Wörter gehören zu den 3.000 häufigsten im Englischen, der Wortschatz ist also anspruchsvoll.

Wichtiger Wortschatz in diesem Video

15 lernenswerte Wörter aus dem Video, mit Aussprache und Bedeutung:

WortAusspracheBedeutung
famine Substantiv/ˈfæm.ɪn/Hungersnot, Hunger
odd Adjektiv/ɑd/seltsam, merkwürdig
ratio Substantiv/ˈɹeɪ.ʃoʊ/Verhältnis
biological Adjektiv/ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/biologisch
reproduce Verb/ˌɹi.pɹəˈdus/reproduzieren
resource Substantiv/ɹɪˈzɔːs/Ressource, Mittel
likelihood Substantiv/ˈlaɪklihʊd/Wahrscheinlichkeit
rig Substantiv/ɹɪɡ/Vorrichtung, Anlage
offspring Substantiv/ˈɔfspɹɪŋ/Abkömmlinge, Nachfahren
womb Substantiv/wuːm/Gebärmutter, Uterus
fetus Substantiv/ˈfiːtəs/Fötus
relative Substantiv/ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv/Verwandter, Blutsverwandter
suffer Verb/ˈsʌfɚ/leiden
explanation Substantiv/ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/Erläuterung, Erklärung
guarantee Substantiv/ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/Garantie

Phrasal Verbs, die du hören wirst

WortBedeutung
grow up Verbaufwachsen, erwachsen werden

Aussprache, auf die du achten solltest

Der Sprecher verwendet 4 Kurzformen und abgeschwächte Formen, zum Beispiel aren't, doesn't, they're. Sprich sie in der kurzen Form, so wie du sie hörst.

  • Die Laute „sh“ und „zh“: ratio /ˈɹeɪ.ʃoʊ/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, conception /kənˈsɛpʃən/, copulation /kɒp.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/
  • Lange Wörter – auf die Betonung achten: biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, biology /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, chromosomal /ˌkɹoʊməˈsoʊməl/, copulation /kɒp.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/

So übst du mit diesem Video

  1. Höre dir das ganze Video einmal an, ohne zu sprechen, und notiere die Wörter, die du nicht kennst.
  2. Beginne mit 0,75-facher Geschwindigkeit, sprich Satz für Satz nach und wechsle zur normalen Geschwindigkeit, sobald es leichtfällt.
  3. Nimm dich auf und vergleiche mit dem Original; achte dabei auf Wörter wie famine, odd, ratio.

Was ist die Shadowing-Technik?

Shadowing ist eine wissenschaftlich fundierte Sprachlerntechnik, die ursprünglich für die professionelle Dolmetscherausbildung entwickelt und durch den Polyglotten Dr. Alexander Arguelles populär gemacht wurde. Die Methode ist einfach aber wirkungsvoll: Du hörst englisches Audio von Muttersprachlern und wiederholst es sofort laut — wie ein Schatten, der dem Sprecher mit nur 1–2 Sekunden Verzögerung folgt. Anders als passives Hören oder Grammatikübungen zwingt Shadowing dein Gehirn und deine Mundmuskulatur, gleichzeitig echte Sprachmuster zu verarbeiten und zu reproduzieren. Studien zeigen, dass es Aussprachegenauigkeit, Intonation, Rhythmus, verbundene Sprache, Hörverständnis und Sprechflüssigkeit signifikant verbessert — was es zu einer der effektivsten Methoden für die IELTS Speaking-Vorbereitung und reale englische Kommunikation macht.

Shadowing-Technik: die vollständige Schritt-für-Schritt-Anleitung lesen →