Shadowing Practice: ALL THE DOGS, EXPLAINED - Learn English Speaking with Video
Creando lección...
1
This is a canine, and so is this, and this, and all of these good boys and girls are too.
2
Wild canines are wildly diverse and live on almost every continent.
3
And ever since the wild ancestors of dogs first cozied up to the fires of ancient hunter-gatherers somewhere between 15
4
and 30,000 years ago, domestic dogs have reaped the benefits of one of the most successful cross-species partnerships in the history of the planet.
5
An estimated 1 billion modern dogs live all over the world, including several who live with the people that made this video.
6
Hi, I'm David, this is Kubu, and this is MinuteEarth.
7
And in this video, I'm going to take you on a tour of the dog-normous diversity of the canine family.
8
Oh yeah, this is a poster you can put on your wall.
9
You can order it from our merch shop on DFTBA.com.
10
I'll talk more about that at the end of the video.
11
Okay, let's start with a few extinct canines first.
12
This is Epicyon, the largest dog that ever existed.
13
It was roughly the size of a grizzly bear.
14
And this is the dire wolf, one of the apex predators of the ancient American West.
15
If you go to the La Brea Tar Pits in California, you'll see hundreds of dire wolf skulls that have been excavated over the years.
16
It seems these puppers just couldn't resist going after giant mammals that had gotten themselves trapped in the goo, and then the dire wolves got stuck too.
17
And the last extinct canine we'll discuss is Leptocion, the literal dog father.
18
This little omnivore burst onto the scene more than 30 million years ago in North America, and eventually gave rise to every canine alive today.
19
Now we're going to pivot to those canines that are still alive.
20
We'll start with the ones that are least closely related to domestic dogs, and get closer and closer to the housemates we know and love as we go.
21
This means the first modern group of canines we'll be touring is the foxes.
22
As scientists have learned more about how canines are related, they've realized that a lot of animals that we call foxes aren't actually that closely related to one another.
23
For example, there are two foxes that are relatively separate from all the other pups in the canine family.
24
The ancestors of gray foxes split off from the rest of ancient canines before any other species did.
25
gray foxes have long claws specially adapted for climbing trees, allowing them to escape from the coyotes and wolves that live nearby.
26
The island fox is very closely related to the gray fox.
27
A few thousand years ago, a few gray foxes somehow got to the Channel Islands off of the coast of California.
28
Over the ensuing millennia, their descendants shrank about 25% due to the limited food on the islands and became a new species,
29
the island fox, a prime example of the phenomenon of island dwarfism.
30
Okay, let's get into the rest of the fox group.
31
The red fox is perhaps the most widely distributed canine in the world.
32
It scampers around a huge range that includes North America, Europe, Asia, Northern Africa, and the Middle East.
33
In some parts of their range, their coats appear black or silver.
34
Beginning in 1952, a Soviet scientist started selectively breeding some of those silver red foxes to see
35
if he could eventually produce tame animals.
36
In doing so, he hoped to prove how humans had first domesticated wolves.
37
It took a while, but more than 40 generations later, his team has created a small population of tame silver foxes with floppy ears
38
and curly tails who love to snuggle with humans.
39
As winter fades in the far north, the Arctic Fox sheds the fluffy white coat it uses to camouflage itself in the snow
40
and grows in a thinner coat packed with more melanin, which it then uses to blend in with the summer landscape.
41
The Fennec Fox is a desert dweller, and pretty much every part of its tiny body is optimized for life there.
42
Of course, it's got those giant bat-like ears, which dissipate heat and help it listen for prey hiding under the North African sand.
43
It's also got shovel-shaped front feet to help it dig quickly to get into its burrow.
44
And the raccoon dog, even though it looks like a Pokemonified version of, well, a raccoon, is probably pretty closely related to those foxes.
45
It's also the only canine that hibernates during the winter.
46
Okay, that's that group.
47
Now let's head over to another branch of the canine family tree to meet a group of pups
48
that you might be a little less familiar with.
49
Let's start with the crab-eating fox, which, again, is not really in the fox group.
50
Crab-eating foxes stalk mudflats, waiting for the snack they're named after to wander out into the open.
51
Next let's meet the bush dog a squat little doggo with webbed feet that lives in the marshes of the Amazon rainforest.
52
Bushdogs can actually take down big prey like capybaras by hunting in packs
53
and nipping their quarry's heels until they finally knock them over.
54
Then there's the maned wolf, which looks like a red fox with cartoonishly long legs.
55
Its height gives it a better view of what's going on in the South American grasslands.
56
Finally, there's the short-eared dog.
57
These elusive South American natives are one of the few canines that can spray stinky smells from their anal glands.
58
They often live in the abandoned burrows of giant armadillos.
59
Okay, let's turn to the group of canines that are more closely related to modern dogs.
60
The black-backed jackal is famous for its broad diet.
61
It will eat pretty much everything, from grasshoppers to seals to impalas to the hard melons of the Nara tree.
62
The African wild dog, I mean the painted dog,
63
has recently gotten a rebrand as conservation groups attempt to prevent its impending extinction by making it sound, well, less wild.
64
The endangered doles of southern Asia might be the most famous example of a phenomenon called reticulate evolution.
65
That is, they might be the product of a long ago hybridization between wolves and painted dogs.
66
And here's the infamous coyote.
67
While the growth in human settlements across North America has been bad for most species, it's been a boon for coyotes, whose flexible diet, willingness to live near humans,
68
and ability to increase litter sizes when stressed have allowed them to tremendously expand their range and numbers.
69
And of course, there's the gray wolf.
70
Gray wolves are the ultimate pack hunters.
71
Their sociability is also almost certainly what led them to the huts of ancient humans, which eventually led to their domestication as the canines we love today, modern dogs.
72
One of the first dogs we know was the Bonn Oberkastle dog from about 14,000 years ago.
73
She survived a terrible disease as a puppy and likely wasn't any use as a hunting dog, meaning that her owners probably just kept her as a pet for snuggles.
74
Dingoes likely originate from some of those earliest domesticated dogs.
75
It seems as though a group of them traveled by boat from Asia to Australia several thousand years ago.
76
Once they got down under though, they went wild, literally, and have since become the apex predator of the outback.
77
Since those early days of domestication, humans have been selectively breeding dogs for all sorts of traits, resulting in hundreds of different breeds.
78
We can't cover them all here, but let's talk about some that really stand out.
79
Basenjis are short-haired African hunting dogs that are famous for the fact that they don't bark.
80
Instead, their vocalizations sometimes sound like yodels.
81
Zolos are sometimes called Mexican hairless dogs, thanks to their origin and appearance.
82
There's evidence that the Mayans buried these dogs with their owners, since they were thought to be reliable guides to the underworld.
83
Mastiffs often weigh more than 100 kilograms and have been used as guard dogs, hunting dogs, and even military dogs.
84
Nowadays, they're more known for their drool than their ferociousness.
85
Huskies and Malamutes are often used as sled dogs because, thanks to a quirk and how they are able to use their energy reserves, they can run ultra-marathons for days at a time,
86
making them the best endurance athletes on the planet.
87
Poodles, known for their brains and distinctive curly coats, were often used as performers in old-timey circuses.
88
Labrador Retrievers, usually yellow, black, or chocolate-colored, were originally bred in Canada to be game retrievers for hunters.
89
But thanks to their friendly temperament and smarts, Labs are now super popular pets.
90
And though golden retrievers look a lot like Labs and were bred to do many of the same jobs, they first came from Scotland.
91
Perhaps the most famous golden retriever is Buddy, the star of the Air Bud cinematic universe.
92
The German Shepherd is super popular and learns commands quickly.
93
They're known for their work as police dogs and search and rescue dogs.
94
Belgian Shepherds, especially the short-haired breed known as the Malinois, are extremely athletic and trainable.
95
Whippets were the favorite dog of Louis XV.
96
They're known for their speed and nervous energy.
97
Occasionally, a genetic mutation that only occurs in this breed creates super muscular dogs known as bully whippets.
98
Dachshunds, also known as wiener dogs, were bred to be able to fit into burrows and flush out badgers.
99
In fact, the German word for badger is docks.
100
Nowadays though, dachshunds are mostly just cute, long pets.
101
A greyhound can hit speeds of more than 75 kilometers per hour.
102
They have the highest percentage of fast-switch muscles of any breed.
103
The smallest of all dog breeds, chihuahuas get their name from a Mexican state where they originated.
104
The smallest chihuahua ever, Pearl, is only 5 inches long and weighs just over a pound.
105
To me, French bulldogs look kind of like gremlins, but I guess that look is in.
106
They are now the most popular dog breed in America, having knocked labs out of the top spot in 2022.
107
Akitas are known for their loyalty.
108
Even after his owner died, Hachiko the Akita waited at the train station every day for nine years for him to return home from work.
109
In the process, he became a national hero as the ultimate symbol of faithfulness.
110
Great Danes are the tallest dogs in the world.
111
Standing on his hind legs, the Great Dane Zeus was taller than Shaq.
112
He could drink directly from the kitchen sink.
113
St. Bernard's are famous mountain rescue dogs.
114
Barry the St. Bernard is credited with saving more than 40 people in his work for a Swiss monastery.
115
He'd sniff out people trapped in avalanches, dig them out, and then lick them and lie on them to warm them up.
116
Of course, there are also lots of types of dogs that aren't considered purebred at all.
117
Some are like Labradoodles, hybrid lab poodle mixes that were originally bred as pets for folks with allergies to pet dander, but now are just the cute, non-shedding pet of choice for all sorts of folks.
118
And then there's the Pit Bull, which is the generic label given to a bunch of different short-haired, muscly dog breeds with square heads.
119
Because of their history of being used in dog fights, and often unfair reputation as being aggressive, pit bulls are often intentionally mislabeled as other breeds in animal shelters in order to make them more adoptable.
120
And finally, there are mutts, which are basically combos of all sorts of breeds, like Kate's dog Watson.
121
Perhaps the most famous mutt is Laika, who started life as a stray Soviet street dog before being selected by scientists to be part of the Sputnik program.
122
She was the first animal to orbit the earth, though she died before she could get back home.
123
That's a lot of dogs.
124
Thanks for joining us on this tour of the incredible diversity of the canine family.
125
If you liked it, you'll probably be psyched to learn that you can get this awesome poster from our DFTBA shop.
126
We've been wanting to make this for so long, and we did so much work to make it both beautiful and educational.
127
It'll look great on your living room and in your classroom.
128
Just go to dftba.com slash minute earth to get one today.
129
And if enough of you like this, we may even make a cat one in the near future.
130
Oh yeah, if you like this kind of video, let me point you over to our friend Dom's channel, Domain of Science, where he makes this kind of stuff all the time.
131
Thanks again for your support.
📺 Mismo canal
B28
Why Do India And China Have So Many People?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B21
Why Haven't We Domesticated Monkeys?
University StudentsWorking Adults
B22
Where Did Earth's Water Come From?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B29
The Heaviest Part of a Forest Is NOT What You Think
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C19
Why Don't Blue Whales Eat Fish?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
Why We Faint (When Other Animals Don't)
TOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C13
How To Kill A Volcano
University StudentsWorking Adults
C13
Three Specific Ways AI Could Kill Us All
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C168
Why is it Hot Underground?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
MinuteEarth Explains: Cats vs Dogs
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
Why Don't Snakes Poison Themselves?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C16
The Best Dragon (According to Science)
University StudentsWorking Adults
C18
How High Can Birds Fly?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C13
Why Do Rivers Curve?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B2Why Do We Have More Boys Than Girls?
University Students
B2MinuteEarth Explains: Microbes
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B2Why Don't Our Bones Keep Growing Forever?
TOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B2Could This Thing *Really* Fly?
University Students
C1There’s Really Only One Way To Die
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B2You've Been Misled About The Water Cycle
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
✨ Recomendar Video
B21
99 oraciones
How to Survive the Most Aggressive Animals
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
190 oraciones
Do Our Dogs Miss Us When We’re Away?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B240 oraciones
Heart of the Beast | Dogs, Stunt Doubles, VFX & Wolves | Behind the Scenes
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
170 oraciones
Tom Hardy Meets Retired Police Dogs ❤️ Tom Hardy HAVOC Interview!
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
226 oraciones
Why Pandas Are Impressively Bad at Existing
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
402 oraciones
Before We Became the Last Humans:The Lost Species That Once Shared Our World|Prehistoric Documentary
University StudentsWorking Adults
B22
25 oraciones
Le loup est un père exemplaire - ZAPPING SAUVAGE
University StudentsWorking Adults
B12
223 oraciones
English Listening Practice Podcast - Dogs
American AccentDaily ConversationHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B210
62 oraciones
Luyện nghe tiếng anh_part 3 The dingo debate
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
47 oraciones
In search of monsters
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
112 oraciones
Fossils of a Giant Superpredator Found in Antarctica
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación de nivel B2 se basa en el vídeo “ALL THE DOGS, EXPLAINED”. Las palabras que más se repiten: dog, canine, foxes, fox, breed. Este vídeo tiene 131 frases y 2141 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 10:01. El hablante habla rápido, unas 214 palabras por minuto, así que espera sonidos enlazados y reducidos. Solo el 77 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| canine adjetivo | /ˈkeɪˌnaɪn/ | canino |
| breed verbo | /ˈbɹiːd/ | criar |
| burrow sustantivo | /ˈbʌɹoʊ/ | madriguera, ratonera |
| coyote sustantivo | /kəˈjoʊ.ti/ | coyote |
| retriever sustantivo | /ɹiˈtɹivəɹ/ | retriever |
| dire adjetivo | /ˈdaɪ̯ə(ɹ)/ | de mal agüero, portentoso |
| ancestor sustantivo | /ˈæn.sɛs.tɚ/ | ancestro, antepasado |
| badger sustantivo | /ˈbæd͡ʒɚ/ | tejón, tasugo |
| dachshund sustantivo | /ˈdɑksˌhʊnt/ | perro salchicha |
| domesticate verbo | /dəˈmɛ.stɪ.keɪt/ | domesticar |
| domestication sustantivo | domesticación | |
| raccoon sustantivo | /ɹæˈkun/ | mapache, oso lavador |
| selectively adverbio | selectivamente | |
| tame verbo | /teɪm/ | amansar, domar |
| curly adjetivo | /ˈkɝli/ | rizado, chino |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Significado |
|---|---|
| get back verbo | regresar |
| take down verbo | descolgar |
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | have been excavated · are related · is optimized |
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | have reaped · have been excavated · have learned |
| Oraciones de relativo who / which + oración — información extra sobre una persona o cosa | Bull, which is · mutts, which are |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 23 contracciones y formas reducidas, como they're, we'll, aren't. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “th”: athlete /ˈæθ.liːt/, athletic /æθˈlɛt.ɪk/
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: avalanche /ˈævəlɑːnʃ/, camouflage /ˈkæ.məˌflɑːʒ/, mutation /mjuˈteɪʃən/, extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/, flush /ˈflʌʃ/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: domesticate /dəˈmɛ.stɪ.keɪt/, phenomenon /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/, armadillo /ɑɹməˈdɪloʊ/, capybara /ˌkæpiˈbɛɹə/, kinematic /kɪn.əˈmæt.ɪk/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- s + consonante al inicio — sin añadir una “e” delante: stray /stɹeɪ/, snack /snæk/, specially /ˈspɛʃəli/, spray /spɹeɪ/
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: retriever /ɹiˈtɹivəɹ/, avalanche /ˈævəlɑːnʃ/, distinctive /dɪˈstɪŋktɪv/
- /z/ — sonora, no /s/: nowadays /ˈnaʊ.ə.deɪz/, resist /ɹɪˈzɪst/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como canine, breed, burrow.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.