Shadowing Practice: IELTS actual listening | Part 4 | Bislama - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Section 4.
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You will hear part of a linguistics lecture about a language called Bishlama that is spoken in the Pacific Islands.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40 on page 7.
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Thank you.
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Now, listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Good morning and welcome back to this series of linguistics lectures.
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Today, I will be talking about the language Bishlama, which is a form of pidgin English.
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Linguists use the term pidgin to describe new languages that are created by combining two or more existing languages, often in a simplified form.
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The study of pidgin languages is important because it provides us with information about language change and modification.
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The pidgin English known as Bishlama is used in the South Pacific nation of Vanuatu,
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a group of islands where 81 first languages are still regularly used by the local people.
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There are a further 17 local languages that are in danger of dying out and 8 that have been identified as extinct.
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This gives a total of 106 first languages in all, a very high number for a small country with a population of just 200 ,000 people.
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Then thinking about foreign languages, English is the most important and has official status largely because it is the medium for all education purposes.
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However, it is Bishlama that is the most widely spoken language in the country, used regularly by more than 90 % of the population.
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We should note here that in earlier times some people had negative feelings towards the language.
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In fact, for many years it was commonly referred to as a broken language and its use was discouraged.
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But attitudes have changed dramatically and today the people of Vanuatu are very proud of this unique language.
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It is only when we understand the historical context that we can comprehend just why Bishlama developed in Vanuatu.
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The first form of Pidgin English in this region can be traced to around 1800
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when foreign traders arrived and local people were recruited to work as sailors.
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On board multilingual ships there was an obvious need for a common tongue and Pidgin English was born.
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This early form of Bishlama continued to spread as trade in the Pacific developed in sandalwood and other local commodities.
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Then, from about 1860, a lot of people from Vanuatu travelled to Australia to work on the new plantations as labourers.
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Again, because of the multilingual nature of these workplaces, it was very important to have a common language.
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Finally, in modern times, there have been other pressures that have maintained the need for a common language.
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Like many other parts of the world, from about the 1950s, Vanuatu experienced a significant migration of its people from small villages into the city
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and it has been here that Bishlama has really established itself as the country's first language.
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So then, how can we describe the language itself?
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In general terms, pidgin languages can be defined as extremely simple versions of the original language.
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However, this is not a satisfactory definition in this case
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and linguists prefer to describe Bishlama as a developed pigeon
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because it has more rules and ideas than most simple pigeon languages found in other parts of the world.
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Let's think first about the vocabulary.
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Because Britain was the colonial power, the majority of Bishlama's vocabulary is derived from English.
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However, some care needs to be taken here.
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For example, the word from in Bishlama can also mean because of,
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so we need to be aware that words can have a wider range of meanings in Bishlama.
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Indeed, there are numerous other potentially misleading terms, and English is not the only contributor to the vocabulary.
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Again, because of the region's history there are some words, around 5 -10%, that are derived from French.
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Then, a relatively small number of words have been taken from local, Pacific languages.
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Usually this is the case where there is no English equivalent for naturally occurring phenomena
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or to describe some aspect of the culture that is unique to the country.
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Finally, a word about grammar.
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Although the vocabulary is based largely on English,
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it's important to note that the grammatical structure of Bishlama is derived from patterns common in the local languages of Vanuatu.
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So, for example, there are two distinct pronouns meaning we.
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One means I and you, and another means I and some others, but not you.
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Sounds confusing in English, but in the local languages such distinctions are common.
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A different example concerns the word long.
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It is almost the only preposition in Bishlama
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and may be used in place of a whole range of English words such as at, to, with, on, in, and so on.
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Well, that is the end of the formal part of the lecture.
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If you have any questions now, I'll be most happy to...
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That is the end of Section 4.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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That is the end of the listening test.
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You now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the listening answer sheet.
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Thank you.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Este vídeo tiene 59 frases y 835 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 7:21. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 114 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. El 84 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés; conviene repasar el resto antes de empezar.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| vocabulary sustantivo | /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/ | vocabulario |
| lecture sustantivo | /ˈlɛk.t͡ʃə/ | aleccionamiento, lectivo |
| derive verbo | /dɪˈɹaɪv/ | derivar |
| pigeon sustantivo | /ˈpɪ.dʒɪn/ | paloma, palomo |
| naturally adverbio | /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/ | naturalmente, a natura |
| occur verbo | /əˈkɜː/ | ocurrir |
| carefully adverbio | /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/ | cuidadosamente |
| establish verbo | /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/ | establecer, establir |
| formal adjetivo | /ˈfɔɹməl/ | formal |
| refer verbo | /ɹɪˈfɜː/ | referir, remitir |
| aspect sustantivo | /ˈæspɛkt/ | aspecto |
| sheet sustantivo | /ʃit/ | hoja, folio |
| potentially adverbio | /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/ | potencialmente, presuntamente |
| arrive verbo | /əˈɹaɪv/ | llegar, arribar |
| commonly adverbio | /ˈkɑmənli/ | comúnmente |
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | is spoken · are created · have been identified |
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | have been identified · have changed · have been |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, sheet /ʃit/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, migration /maɪˈɡɹeɪʃ(ə)n/, distinction /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, phenomenon /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/, commodity /kəˈmɑdəti/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como vocabulary, lecture, derive.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.