跟读练习: IELTS actual listening | Part 4 | Bislama - 通过视频学习英语口语

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Section 4.

You will hear part of a linguistics lecture about a language called Bishlama that is spoken in the Pacific Islands.

First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40 on page 7.

Thank you.

Now, listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.

Good morning and welcome back to this series of linguistics lectures.

Today, I will be talking about the language Bishlama, which is a form of pidgin English.

Linguists use the term pidgin to describe new languages that are created by combining two or more existing languages, often in a simplified form.

The study of pidgin languages is important because it provides us with information about language change and modification.

The pidgin English known as Bishlama is used in the South Pacific nation of Vanuatu,

a group of islands where 81 first languages are still regularly used by the local people.

There are a further 17 local languages that are in danger of dying out and 8 that have been identified as extinct.

This gives a total of 106 first languages in all, a very high number for a small country with a population of just 200 ,000 people.

Then thinking about foreign languages, English is the most important and has official status largely because it is the medium for all education purposes.

However, it is Bishlama that is the most widely spoken language in the country, used regularly by more than 90 % of the population.

We should note here that in earlier times some people had negative feelings towards the language.

In fact, for many years it was commonly referred to as a broken language and its use was discouraged.

But attitudes have changed dramatically and today the people of Vanuatu are very proud of this unique language.

It is only when we understand the historical context that we can comprehend just why Bishlama developed in Vanuatu.

The first form of Pidgin English in this region can be traced to around 1800

when foreign traders arrived and local people were recruited to work as sailors.

On board multilingual ships there was an obvious need for a common tongue and Pidgin English was born.

This early form of Bishlama continued to spread as trade in the Pacific developed in sandalwood and other local commodities.

Then, from about 1860, a lot of people from Vanuatu travelled to Australia to work on the new plantations as labourers.

Again, because of the multilingual nature of these workplaces, it was very important to have a common language.

Finally, in modern times, there have been other pressures that have maintained the need for a common language.

Like many other parts of the world, from about the 1950s, Vanuatu experienced a significant migration of its people from small villages into the city

and it has been here that Bishlama has really established itself as the country's first language.

So then, how can we describe the language itself?

In general terms, pidgin languages can be defined as extremely simple versions of the original language.

However, this is not a satisfactory definition in this case

and linguists prefer to describe Bishlama as a developed pigeon

because it has more rules and ideas than most simple pigeon languages found in other parts of the world.

Let's think first about the vocabulary.

Because Britain was the colonial power, the majority of Bishlama's vocabulary is derived from English.

However, some care needs to be taken here.

For example, the word from in Bishlama can also mean because of,

so we need to be aware that words can have a wider range of meanings in Bishlama.

Indeed, there are numerous other potentially misleading terms, and English is not the only contributor to the vocabulary.

Again, because of the region's history there are some words, around 5 -10%, that are derived from French.

Then, a relatively small number of words have been taken from local, Pacific languages.

Usually this is the case where there is no English equivalent for naturally occurring phenomena

or to describe some aspect of the culture that is unique to the country.

Finally, a word about grammar.

Although the vocabulary is based largely on English,

it's important to note that the grammatical structure of Bishlama is derived from patterns common in the local languages of Vanuatu.

So, for example, there are two distinct pronouns meaning we.

One means I and you, and another means I and some others, but not you.

Sounds confusing in English, but in the local languages such distinctions are common.

A different example concerns the word long.

It is almost the only preposition in Bishlama

and may be used in place of a whole range of English words such as at, to, with, on, in, and so on.

Well, that is the end of the formal part of the lecture.

If you have any questions now, I'll be most happy to...

That is the end of Section 4.

You now have half a minute to check your answers.

That is the end of the listening test.

You now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the listening answer sheet.

Thank you.

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FOR YOU

本课的词汇与口语要点

这段视频共有 59 个句子、835 个单词可供跟读。讲话部分时长为 7:21。说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 114 个词，很适合跟读。 84% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：

单词	发音	释义
vocabulary 名词	/vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/	詞匯 /词汇, 語匯 /语汇
lecture 名词	/ˈlɛk.t͡ʃə/	演講 /演讲
pigeon 名词	/ˈpɪ.dʒɪn/	鴿子 /鸽子
occur 动词	/əˈkɜː/	發生 /发生
carefully 副词	/ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/	小心地
establish 动词	/ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/	確定 /确定
formal 形容词	/ˈfɔɹməl/	正式
refer 动词	/ɹɪˈfɜː/	談到 /谈到
aspect 名词	/ˈæspɛkt/	方面
sheet 名词	/ʃit/	篇, 張 /张
arrive 动词	/əˈɹaɪv/	到達 /到达, 到
commonly 副词	/ˈkɑmənli/	通常
define 动词	/dɪˈfaɪn/	界定
distinct 形容词	/dɪˈstɪŋkt/	明顯 /明显, 清晰
trace 名词	/tɹeɪs/	痕跡 /痕迹

视频中的语法

说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：

结构	视频中的用法
被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的	is spoken · are created · have been identified
现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事	have been identified · have changed · have been

需要注意的发音

“sh” 和 “zh” 音: establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, sheet /ʃit/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, migration /maɪˈɡɹeɪʃ(ə)n/, distinction /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/
长单词——注意重音位置: vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, phenomenon /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/, commodity /kəˈmɑdəti/

如何用这段视频练习

先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 vocabulary, lecture, pigeon 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →

跟读练习: IELTS actual listening | Part 4 | Bislama - 通过视频学习英语口语

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