Pratica di Shadowing: IELTS actual listening | Part 4 | Bislama - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
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Section 4.
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You will hear part of a linguistics lecture about a language called Bishlama that is spoken in the Pacific Islands.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40 on page 7.
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Thank you.
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Now, listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Good morning and welcome back to this series of linguistics lectures.
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Today, I will be talking about the language Bishlama, which is a form of pidgin English.
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Linguists use the term pidgin to describe new languages that are created by combining two or more existing languages, often in a simplified form.
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The study of pidgin languages is important because it provides us with information about language change and modification.
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The pidgin English known as Bishlama is used in the South Pacific nation of Vanuatu,
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a group of islands where 81 first languages are still regularly used by the local people.
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There are a further 17 local languages that are in danger of dying out and 8 that have been identified as extinct.
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This gives a total of 106 first languages in all, a very high number for a small country with a population of just 200 ,000 people.
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Then thinking about foreign languages, English is the most important and has official status largely because it is the medium for all education purposes.
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However, it is Bishlama that is the most widely spoken language in the country, used regularly by more than 90 % of the population.
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We should note here that in earlier times some people had negative feelings towards the language.
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In fact, for many years it was commonly referred to as a broken language and its use was discouraged.
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But attitudes have changed dramatically and today the people of Vanuatu are very proud of this unique language.
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It is only when we understand the historical context that we can comprehend just why Bishlama developed in Vanuatu.
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The first form of Pidgin English in this region can be traced to around 1800
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when foreign traders arrived and local people were recruited to work as sailors.
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On board multilingual ships there was an obvious need for a common tongue and Pidgin English was born.
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This early form of Bishlama continued to spread as trade in the Pacific developed in sandalwood and other local commodities.
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Then, from about 1860, a lot of people from Vanuatu travelled to Australia to work on the new plantations as labourers.
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Again, because of the multilingual nature of these workplaces, it was very important to have a common language.
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Finally, in modern times, there have been other pressures that have maintained the need for a common language.
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Like many other parts of the world, from about the 1950s, Vanuatu experienced a significant migration of its people from small villages into the city
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and it has been here that Bishlama has really established itself as the country's first language.
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So then, how can we describe the language itself?
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In general terms, pidgin languages can be defined as extremely simple versions of the original language.
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However, this is not a satisfactory definition in this case
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and linguists prefer to describe Bishlama as a developed pigeon
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because it has more rules and ideas than most simple pigeon languages found in other parts of the world.
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Let's think first about the vocabulary.
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Because Britain was the colonial power, the majority of Bishlama's vocabulary is derived from English.
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However, some care needs to be taken here.
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For example, the word from in Bishlama can also mean because of,
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so we need to be aware that words can have a wider range of meanings in Bishlama.
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Indeed, there are numerous other potentially misleading terms, and English is not the only contributor to the vocabulary.
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Again, because of the region's history there are some words, around 5 -10%, that are derived from French.
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Then, a relatively small number of words have been taken from local, Pacific languages.
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Usually this is the case where there is no English equivalent for naturally occurring phenomena
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or to describe some aspect of the culture that is unique to the country.
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Finally, a word about grammar.
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Although the vocabulary is based largely on English,
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it's important to note that the grammatical structure of Bishlama is derived from patterns common in the local languages of Vanuatu.
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So, for example, there are two distinct pronouns meaning we.
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One means I and you, and another means I and some others, but not you.
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Sounds confusing in English, but in the local languages such distinctions are common.
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A different example concerns the word long.
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It is almost the only preposition in Bishlama
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and may be used in place of a whole range of English words such as at, to, with, on, in, and so on.
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Well, that is the end of the formal part of the lecture.
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If you have any questions now, I'll be most happy to...
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That is the end of Section 4.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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That is the end of the listening test.
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You now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the listening answer sheet.
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Thank you.
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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questo video contiene 59 frasi e 835 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 7:21. Chi parla mantiene un ritmo costante di circa 114 parole al minuto, comodo per lo shadowing. Il 84% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese; conviene studiare le altre prima di iniziare.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
15 parole del video che vale la pena imparare, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| vocabulary sostantivo | /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/ | vocabolario |
| lecture sostantivo | /ˈlɛk.t͡ʃə/ | conferenza, lezione |
| derive verbo | /dɪˈɹaɪv/ | derivare |
| pigeon sostantivo | /ˈpɪ.dʒɪn/ | piccione, picciona |
| naturally avverbio | /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/ | naturalmente |
| occur verbo | /əˈkɜː/ | verificarsi |
| carefully avverbio | /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/ | minuziosamente, accuratamente |
| establish verbo | /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/ | stabilire, confermare |
| formal aggettivo | /ˈfɔɹməl/ | formale |
| refer verbo | /ɹɪˈfɜː/ | riferire |
| aspect sostantivo | /ˈæspɛkt/ | aspetto |
| sheet sostantivo | /ʃit/ | foglio |
| potentially avverbio | /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/ | potenzialmente |
| arrive verbo | /əˈɹaɪv/ | arrivare, giungere |
| commonly avverbio | /ˈkɑmənli/ | comunemente, frequentemente |
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa | is spoken · are created · have been identified |
| Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso | have been identified · have changed · have been |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
- I suoni “sh” e “zh”: establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, sheet /ʃit/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, migration /maɪˈɡɹeɪʃ(ə)n/, distinction /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, phenomenon /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/, commodity /kəˈmɑdəti/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Fai shadowing frase per frase a velocità normale, ripetendo ognuna finché il tuo ritmo coincide con quello di chi parla.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come vocabulary, lecture, derive.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.