シャドーイング練習: IELTS actual listening | Part 4 | Bislama - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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Section 4.

You will hear part of a linguistics lecture about a language called Bishlama that is spoken in the Pacific Islands.

First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40 on page 7.

Thank you.

Now, listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.

Good morning and welcome back to this series of linguistics lectures.

Today, I will be talking about the language Bishlama, which is a form of pidgin English.

Linguists use the term pidgin to describe new languages that are created by combining two or more existing languages, often in a simplified form.

The study of pidgin languages is important because it provides us with information about language change and modification.

The pidgin English known as Bishlama is used in the South Pacific nation of Vanuatu,

a group of islands where 81 first languages are still regularly used by the local people.

There are a further 17 local languages that are in danger of dying out and 8 that have been identified as extinct.

This gives a total of 106 first languages in all, a very high number for a small country with a population of just 200 ,000 people.

Then thinking about foreign languages, English is the most important and has official status largely because it is the medium for all education purposes.

However, it is Bishlama that is the most widely spoken language in the country, used regularly by more than 90 % of the population.

We should note here that in earlier times some people had negative feelings towards the language.

In fact, for many years it was commonly referred to as a broken language and its use was discouraged.

But attitudes have changed dramatically and today the people of Vanuatu are very proud of this unique language.

It is only when we understand the historical context that we can comprehend just why Bishlama developed in Vanuatu.

The first form of Pidgin English in this region can be traced to around 1800

when foreign traders arrived and local people were recruited to work as sailors.

On board multilingual ships there was an obvious need for a common tongue and Pidgin English was born.

This early form of Bishlama continued to spread as trade in the Pacific developed in sandalwood and other local commodities.

Then, from about 1860, a lot of people from Vanuatu travelled to Australia to work on the new plantations as labourers.

Again, because of the multilingual nature of these workplaces, it was very important to have a common language.

Finally, in modern times, there have been other pressures that have maintained the need for a common language.

Like many other parts of the world, from about the 1950s, Vanuatu experienced a significant migration of its people from small villages into the city

and it has been here that Bishlama has really established itself as the country's first language.

So then, how can we describe the language itself?

In general terms, pidgin languages can be defined as extremely simple versions of the original language.

However, this is not a satisfactory definition in this case

and linguists prefer to describe Bishlama as a developed pigeon

because it has more rules and ideas than most simple pigeon languages found in other parts of the world.

Let's think first about the vocabulary.

Because Britain was the colonial power, the majority of Bishlama's vocabulary is derived from English.

However, some care needs to be taken here.

For example, the word from in Bishlama can also mean because of,

so we need to be aware that words can have a wider range of meanings in Bishlama.

Indeed, there are numerous other potentially misleading terms, and English is not the only contributor to the vocabulary.

Again, because of the region's history there are some words, around 5 -10%, that are derived from French.

Then, a relatively small number of words have been taken from local, Pacific languages.

Usually this is the case where there is no English equivalent for naturally occurring phenomena

or to describe some aspect of the culture that is unique to the country.

Finally, a word about grammar.

Although the vocabulary is based largely on English,

it's important to note that the grammatical structure of Bishlama is derived from patterns common in the local languages of Vanuatu.

So, for example, there are two distinct pronouns meaning we.

One means I and you, and another means I and some others, but not you.

Sounds confusing in English, but in the local languages such distinctions are common.

A different example concerns the word long.

It is almost the only preposition in Bishlama

and may be used in place of a whole range of English words such as at, to, with, on, in, and so on.

Well, that is the end of the formal part of the lecture.

If you have any questions now, I'll be most happy to...

That is the end of Section 4.

You now have half a minute to check your answers.

That is the end of the listening test.

You now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the listening answer sheet.

Thank you.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が59文、単語が835語あります。音声の長さは7:21です。話す速さは1分あたり約114語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。単語の84%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
vocabulary 名詞	/vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/	語彙, 語彙力
lecture 名詞	/ˈlɛk.t͡ʃə/	講義
pigeon 名詞	/ˈpɪ.dʒɪn/	鳩
naturally 副詞	/ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/	勿論
occur 動詞	/əˈkɜː/	起こる, 起る
carefully 副詞	/ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/	じっくり, 慎重に
formal 形容詞	/ˈfɔɹməl/	正式, 公式
refer 動詞	/ɹɪˈfɜː/	問い合わせる
aspect 名詞	/ˈæspɛkt/	様相
sheet 名詞	/ʃit/	枚, シート
arrive 動詞	/əˈɹaɪv/	着く, 到着する
distinct 形容詞	/dɪˈstɪŋkt/	明白な
trace 名詞	/tɹeɪs/	跡, 痕跡
grammar 名詞	/ˈɡɹæm.ə(ɹ)/	文法
migration 名詞	/maɪˈɡɹeɪʃ(ə)n/	移住

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる	is spoken · are created · have been identified
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している	have been identified · have changed · have been

注意したい発音

「sh」と「zh」の音: establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, sheet /ʃit/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, migration /maɪˈɡɹeɪʃ(ə)n/, distinction /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, phenomenon /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/, commodity /kəˈmɑdəti/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。vocabulary, lecture, pigeonなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: IELTS actual listening | Part 4 | Bislama - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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