Shadowing Practice: IELTS Listening Section-4(Stoicism) with answers - Learn English Speaking with Video

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Part 4.
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You will hear a professor of philosophy giving a talk on the ancient philosophy of Stoicism.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Ancient philosophy is not just about talking or lecturing or even reading long, dense books.
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In fact, it is something people have used throughout history to solve their problems and to achieve their greatest triumphs.
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Specifically, I am referring to Stoicism,
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which in my opinion is the most practical of all philosophies and therefore the most appealing.
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Stoicism was founded in ancient Greece by Zeno of Citium in the early 3rd century BC, but was practiced by the likes of Epictetus,
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Cato, Seneca, and Marcus Aurelius.
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Amazingly, we still have access to these ideas, despite the fact that the most famous Stoics never wrote anything down for publication.
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Cato definitely didn't.
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Marcus Aurelius never intended his meditations to be anything but personal.
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Seneca's letters were, well, letters, and Epictetus's thoughts come to us by way of a note-taking student.
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Stoic principles were based on the idea that its followers could have an unshakable happiness in this life,
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and the key to achieving this was virtue.
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The road to virtue, in turn,
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lay in understanding that destructive emotions like anger and jealousy are under our conscious control.
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They don't have to control us, because we can learn to control them.
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In the words of Epictetus, external events I cannot control, but the choices I make with regard to them I do control.
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The modern-day philosopher
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and writer Nassim Nicholas Taleb defines a Stoic as someone who has a different perspective on experiences
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which most of us would see as wholly negative.
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A Stoic transforms fear into caution,
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pain into transformation, mistakes into initiation, and desire into undertaking.
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Using this definition as a model, we can see that throughout the centuries,
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Stoicism has been practiced in more recent history by kings, presidents, artists, writers, and entrepreneurs.
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The Founding Fathers of the United States were inspired by the philosophy.
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George Washington was introduced to Stoicism by his neighbours at age seventeen,
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and later put on a play based on the life of Cato to inspire his men.
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Thomas Jefferson kept a copy of Seneca beside his bed.
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Writers and artists have also been inspired by the Stoics.
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Eugene Delacroix, the renowned French romantic artist, known best for his painting, Liberty Leading the People, was an ardent Stoic,
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referring to it as his consoling religion.
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The economist Adam Smith's theories on capitalism were significantly influenced by the Stoicism that he studied as a schoolboy,
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under a teacher who had translated Marcus Aurelius's works.
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Today's political leaders are no different, with many finding their inspiration from the ancient texts.
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Former US President Bill Clinton re-reads Marcus Aurelius every single year,
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and many have compared former President Obama's calm leadership style to that of Cato.
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Wen Jiabao, the former Prime Minister of China, claims that Meditations is one of two books he travels with,
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and that he has read it more than 100 times over the course of his life.
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Stoicism had a profound influence on Albert Ellis, who invented cognitive behaviour therapy,
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which is used to help people manage their problems by changing the way that they think and behave.
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It's most commonly used to treat depression.
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The idea is that we can take control of our lives by challenging the irrational beliefs that create our faulty thinking,
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symptoms and behaviours by using logic instead.
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Stoicism has also become popular in the world of business.
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Stoic principles can build the resilience and state of mind required to overcome setbacks,
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because Stoics teach turning obstacles into opportunity, a lesson every business entrepreneur needs to learn.
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I would argue that studying Stoicism is as relevant today as it was 2,000 years ago,
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thanks to its brilliant insights into how to lead a good life.
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At the very root of the thinking, there is a very simple way of living.
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Control what you can and accept what you can't.
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This is not as easy as it sounds and will require considerable practice.
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It can take a lifetime to master.
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The Stoics also believed the most important foundation for a good and happy life is not money,
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fame, power or pleasure, but having a disciplined and principled character,
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something which seems to resonate with many people today.
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That is the end of part four.
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You now have one minute to check your answers to part four.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección

Esta lección de conversación de nivel C1 se basa en el vídeo “IELTS Listening Section-4(Stoicism) with answers”. Las palabras que más se repiten: Stoic, Stoicism, Cato, Marcus, philosophy. Este vídeo tiene 63 frases y 758 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 7:50. El hablante habla despacio, unas 97 palabras por minuto, así que hay tiempo para imitar cada sonido. Solo el 78 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.

Vocabulario clave de este vídeo

Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:

PalabraPronunciaciónSignificado
inspire verbo/ɪnˈspaɪə(ɹ)/inspirar, infundir
virtue sustantivo/ˈvɝt͡ʃu/virtud
entrepreneur sustantivo/ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɝ/emprendedor, emprendedor comercial
ardent adjetivo/ˈɑɹdənt/ardiente
resonate verbo/ˈɹɛz.əˌneɪt/resonar, retiñir
setback sustantivo/ˈsɛtbæk/contratiempo, descalabro
unshakable adjetivoinquebrantable
initiation sustantivo/ɪˌnɪʃ.iˈeɪ.ʃən/inicio
irrational adjetivo/ɪˈɹæʃ.(ə.)nəl/irracional
follower sustantivo/ˈfɒləʊə(ɹ)/seguidor
invent verbo/ɪnˈvɛnt/inventar
resilience sustantivo/ɹɪˈzɪl.ɪ.əns/resiliencia
faulty adjetivo/ˈfɔlti/fallido, fallado
symptom sustantivo/ˈsɪm(p)təm/síntoma
amazingly adverbio/əˈmeɪzɪŋli/asombrosamente

Gramática en este vídeo

Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:

EstructuraEn el vídeo
Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hacewas founded · were based · has been practiced
Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahorahas been practiced · have also been inspired · have compared
Oraciones de relativo who / which + oración — información extra sobre una persona o cosasomeone who has · teacher who had

Pronunciación a tener en cuenta

El hablante usa 3 contracciones y formas reducidas, como can't, didn't, don't. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.

  • Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: meditation /mɛdɪˈteɪʃn̩/, initiation /ɪˌnɪʃ.iˈeɪ.ʃən/, irrational /ɪˈɹæʃ.(ə.)nəl/, caution /ˈkɔːʃ(ə)n/
  • Palabras largas — cuida el acento: entrepreneur /ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɝ/, initiation /ɪˌnɪʃ.iˈeɪ.ʃən/, irrational /ɪˈɹæʃ.(ə.)nəl/, resilience /ɹɪˈzɪl.ɪ.əns/, amazingly /əˈmeɪzɪŋli/

Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:

  • /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: virtue /ˈvɝt͡ʃu/, invent /ɪnˈvɛnt/, destructive /dɪˈstɹʌktɪv/, behave /bɪˈheɪv/
  • /z/ — sonora, no /s/: resonate /ˈɹɛz.əˌneɪt/, resilience /ɹɪˈzɪl.ɪ.əns/, amazingly /əˈmeɪzɪŋli/, translate /tɹænzˈleɪt/, capitalism /ˈkæp.ə.təlˌɪzm̩/
  • /h/ — una aspiración suave, no la “j”: wholly /ˈhoʊ.li/, behave /bɪˈheɪv/

Cómo practicar con este vídeo

  1. Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
  2. Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
  3. Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como inspire, virtue, entrepreneur.

¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.

Técnica de shadowing: lee la guía completa paso a paso →