Практика Shadowing: IELTS Listening Section-4(Stoicism) with answers - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

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Part 4.
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You will hear a professor of philosophy giving a talk on the ancient philosophy of Stoicism.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Ancient philosophy is not just about talking or lecturing or even reading long, dense books.
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In fact, it is something people have used throughout history to solve their problems and to achieve their greatest triumphs.
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Specifically, I am referring to Stoicism,
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which in my opinion is the most practical of all philosophies and therefore the most appealing.
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Stoicism was founded in ancient Greece by Zeno of Citium in the early 3rd century BC, but was practiced by the likes of Epictetus,
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Cato, Seneca, and Marcus Aurelius.
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Amazingly, we still have access to these ideas, despite the fact that the most famous Stoics never wrote anything down for publication.
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Cato definitely didn't.
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Marcus Aurelius never intended his meditations to be anything but personal.
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Seneca's letters were, well, letters, and Epictetus's thoughts come to us by way of a note-taking student.
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Stoic principles were based on the idea that its followers could have an unshakable happiness in this life,
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and the key to achieving this was virtue.
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The road to virtue, in turn,
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lay in understanding that destructive emotions like anger and jealousy are under our conscious control.
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They don't have to control us, because we can learn to control them.
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In the words of Epictetus, external events I cannot control, but the choices I make with regard to them I do control.
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The modern-day philosopher
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and writer Nassim Nicholas Taleb defines a Stoic as someone who has a different perspective on experiences
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which most of us would see as wholly negative.
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A Stoic transforms fear into caution,
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pain into transformation, mistakes into initiation, and desire into undertaking.
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Using this definition as a model, we can see that throughout the centuries,
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Stoicism has been practiced in more recent history by kings, presidents, artists, writers, and entrepreneurs.
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The Founding Fathers of the United States were inspired by the philosophy.
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George Washington was introduced to Stoicism by his neighbours at age seventeen,
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and later put on a play based on the life of Cato to inspire his men.
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Thomas Jefferson kept a copy of Seneca beside his bed.
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Writers and artists have also been inspired by the Stoics.
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Eugene Delacroix, the renowned French romantic artist, known best for his painting, Liberty Leading the People, was an ardent Stoic,
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referring to it as his consoling religion.
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The economist Adam Smith's theories on capitalism were significantly influenced by the Stoicism that he studied as a schoolboy,
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under a teacher who had translated Marcus Aurelius's works.
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Today's political leaders are no different, with many finding their inspiration from the ancient texts.
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Former US President Bill Clinton re-reads Marcus Aurelius every single year,
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and many have compared former President Obama's calm leadership style to that of Cato.
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Wen Jiabao, the former Prime Minister of China, claims that Meditations is one of two books he travels with,
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and that he has read it more than 100 times over the course of his life.
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Stoicism had a profound influence on Albert Ellis, who invented cognitive behaviour therapy,
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which is used to help people manage their problems by changing the way that they think and behave.
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It's most commonly used to treat depression.
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The idea is that we can take control of our lives by challenging the irrational beliefs that create our faulty thinking,
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symptoms and behaviours by using logic instead.
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Stoicism has also become popular in the world of business.
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Stoic principles can build the resilience and state of mind required to overcome setbacks,
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because Stoics teach turning obstacles into opportunity, a lesson every business entrepreneur needs to learn.
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I would argue that studying Stoicism is as relevant today as it was 2,000 years ago,
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thanks to its brilliant insights into how to lead a good life.
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At the very root of the thinking, there is a very simple way of living.
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Control what you can and accept what you can't.
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This is not as easy as it sounds and will require considerable practice.
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It can take a lifetime to master.
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The Stoics also believed the most important foundation for a good and happy life is not money,
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fame, power or pleasure, but having a disciplined and principled character,
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something which seems to resonate with many people today.
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That is the end of part four.
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You now have one minute to check your answers to part four.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.

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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку

Этот урок разговорной практики уровня C1 построен на видео «IELTS Listening Section-4(Stoicism) with answers». Чаще всего повторяются слова: Stoic, Stoicism, Cato, Marcus, philosophy. В этом видео 63 предложений и 758 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 7:50. Говорящий говорит медленно, около 97 слов в минуту, поэтому есть время повторить каждый звук. Только 78% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика сложная.

Ключевая лексика этого видео

Самые сложные слова из видео (15), с произношением и значением:

СловоПроизношениеЗначение
inspire глагол/ɪnˈspaɪə(ɹ)/внуша́ть, внуши́ть
meditation существительное/mɛdɪˈteɪʃn̩/медита́ция, разду́мье
entrepreneur существительное/ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɝ/предпринима́тель, предпринима́тельница
ardent прилагательное/ˈɑɹdənt/горя́чий, пы́лкий
resonate глагол/ˈɹɛz.əˌneɪt/резони́ровать
schoolboy существительное/ˈskulˌbɔɪ/шко́льник, учени́к
setback существительное/ˈsɛtbæk/препя́тствие, заде́ржка
initiation существительное/ɪˌnɪʃ.iˈeɪ.ʃən/инициа́ция
irrational прилагательное/ɪˈɹæʃ.(ə.)nəl/нерациона́льный, иррациона́льный
follower существительное/ˈfɒləʊə(ɹ)/после́дователь, после́довательница
invent глагол/ɪnˈvɛnt/изобрета́ть, изобрести́
resilience существительное/ɹɪˈzɪl.ɪ.əns/психологи́ческая усто́йчивость, усто́йчивость
faulty прилагательное/ˈfɔlti/неиспра́вный, ло́жный
symptom существительное/ˈsɪm(p)təm/симпто́м, при́знак
amazingly наречие/əˈmeɪzɪŋli/удиви́тельно, порази́тельно

Грамматика в этом видео

Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:

КонструкцияВ видео
Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делаетwas founded · were based · has been practiced
Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчасhas been practiced · have also been inspired · have compared
Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предметеsomeone who has · teacher who had

Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание

Говорящий использует 3 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например can't, didn't, don't. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.

  • Звуки «sh» и «zh»: meditation /mɛdɪˈteɪʃn̩/, initiation /ɪˌnɪʃ.iˈeɪ.ʃən/, irrational /ɪˈɹæʃ.(ə.)nəl/, caution /ˈkɔːʃ(ə)n/
  • Длинные слова — следите за ударением: entrepreneur /ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɝ/, initiation /ɪˌnɪʃ.iˈeɪ.ʃən/, irrational /ɪˈɹæʃ.(ə.)nəl/, resilience /ɹɪˈzɪl.ɪ.əns/, amazingly /əˈmeɪzɪŋli/

Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:

  • /h/ — лёгкий выдох, а не русское «х»: wholly /ˈhoʊ.li/, behave /bɪˈheɪv/
  • Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: destructive /dɪˈstɹʌktɪv/, profound /pɹəˈfaʊnd/, renowned /ɹɪˈnaʊnd/, behave /bɪˈheɪv/, intend /ɪnˈtɛnd/

Как заниматься с этим видео

  1. Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
  2. Повторяйте предложение за предложением на обычной скорости, пока ваш ритм не совпадёт с ритмом говорящего.
  3. Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как inspire, meditation, entrepreneur.

Что такое техника Shadowing?

Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.

Техника шедоуинга: читать полное пошаговое руководство →