跟读练习: IELTS Listening Section-4(Stoicism) with answers - 通过视频学习英语口语

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Part 4.
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You will hear a professor of philosophy giving a talk on the ancient philosophy of Stoicism.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Ancient philosophy is not just about talking or lecturing or even reading long, dense books.
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In fact, it is something people have used throughout history to solve their problems and to achieve their greatest triumphs.
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Specifically, I am referring to Stoicism,
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which in my opinion is the most practical of all philosophies and therefore the most appealing.
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Stoicism was founded in ancient Greece by Zeno of Citium in the early 3rd century BC, but was practiced by the likes of Epictetus,
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Cato, Seneca, and Marcus Aurelius.
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Amazingly, we still have access to these ideas, despite the fact that the most famous Stoics never wrote anything down for publication.
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Cato definitely didn't.
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Marcus Aurelius never intended his meditations to be anything but personal.
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Seneca's letters were, well, letters, and Epictetus's thoughts come to us by way of a note-taking student.
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Stoic principles were based on the idea that its followers could have an unshakable happiness in this life,
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and the key to achieving this was virtue.
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The road to virtue, in turn,
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lay in understanding that destructive emotions like anger and jealousy are under our conscious control.
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They don't have to control us, because we can learn to control them.
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In the words of Epictetus, external events I cannot control, but the choices I make with regard to them I do control.
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The modern-day philosopher
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and writer Nassim Nicholas Taleb defines a Stoic as someone who has a different perspective on experiences
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which most of us would see as wholly negative.
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A Stoic transforms fear into caution,
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pain into transformation, mistakes into initiation, and desire into undertaking.
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Using this definition as a model, we can see that throughout the centuries,
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Stoicism has been practiced in more recent history by kings, presidents, artists, writers, and entrepreneurs.
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The Founding Fathers of the United States were inspired by the philosophy.
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George Washington was introduced to Stoicism by his neighbours at age seventeen,
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and later put on a play based on the life of Cato to inspire his men.
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Thomas Jefferson kept a copy of Seneca beside his bed.
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Writers and artists have also been inspired by the Stoics.
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Eugene Delacroix, the renowned French romantic artist, known best for his painting, Liberty Leading the People, was an ardent Stoic,
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referring to it as his consoling religion.
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The economist Adam Smith's theories on capitalism were significantly influenced by the Stoicism that he studied as a schoolboy,
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under a teacher who had translated Marcus Aurelius's works.
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Today's political leaders are no different, with many finding their inspiration from the ancient texts.
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Former US President Bill Clinton re-reads Marcus Aurelius every single year,
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and many have compared former President Obama's calm leadership style to that of Cato.
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Wen Jiabao, the former Prime Minister of China, claims that Meditations is one of two books he travels with,
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and that he has read it more than 100 times over the course of his life.
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Stoicism had a profound influence on Albert Ellis, who invented cognitive behaviour therapy,
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which is used to help people manage their problems by changing the way that they think and behave.
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It's most commonly used to treat depression.
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The idea is that we can take control of our lives by challenging the irrational beliefs that create our faulty thinking,
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symptoms and behaviours by using logic instead.
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Stoicism has also become popular in the world of business.
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Stoic principles can build the resilience and state of mind required to overcome setbacks,
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because Stoics teach turning obstacles into opportunity, a lesson every business entrepreneur needs to learn.
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I would argue that studying Stoicism is as relevant today as it was 2,000 years ago,
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thanks to its brilliant insights into how to lead a good life.
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At the very root of the thinking, there is a very simple way of living.
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Control what you can and accept what you can't.
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This is not as easy as it sounds and will require considerable practice.
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It can take a lifetime to master.
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The Stoics also believed the most important foundation for a good and happy life is not money,
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fame, power or pleasure, but having a disciplined and principled character,
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something which seems to resonate with many people today.
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That is the end of part four.
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You now have one minute to check your answers to part four.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.

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本课的词汇与口语要点

这节 C1 级别的口语课以视频“IELTS Listening Section-4(Stoicism) with answers”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：Stoic, Stoicism, Cato, Marcus, philosophy。 这段视频共有 63 个句子、758 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 7:50。 说话人语速较慢，每分钟约 97 个词，你有足够的时间模仿每一个音。 只有 78% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：

单词发音释义
inspire 动词/ɪnˈspaɪə(ɹ)/授意, 鼓舞
meditation 名词/mɛdɪˈteɪʃn̩/沉思
entrepreneur 名词/ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɝ/企業家 /企业家
ardent 形容词/ˈɑɹdənt/熱烈 /热烈, 熱心 /热心
schoolboy 名词/ˈskulˌbɔɪ/男學生 /男学生
initiation 名词/ɪˌnɪʃ.iˈeɪ.ʃən/开始, 发起
irrational 形容词/ɪˈɹæʃ.(ə.)nəl/不合理
follower 名词/ˈfɒləʊə(ɹ)/追隨者 /追随者
invent 动词/ɪnˈvɛnt/發明 /发明
resilience 名词/ɹɪˈzɪl.ɪ.əns/弹性, 韧性
symptom 名词/ˈsɪm(p)təm/症狀 /症状, 病徵 /病征
amazingly 副词/əˈmeɪzɪŋli/驚人的 /惊人的
neighbour 名词/ˈneɪbɚ/鄰居 /邻居, 比鄰 /比邻
undertaking 名词/ˈʌndə(ɹ)ˌteɪkɪŋ/殯儀業 /殡仪业
philosopher 名词/fəˈlɑsəfɚ/哲學家 /哲学家

视频中的语法

说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：

结构视频中的用法
被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的was founded · were based · has been practiced
现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事has been practiced · have also been inspired · have compared
定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物someone who has · teacher who had

需要注意的发音

说话人用了 3 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 can't, didn't, don't。请按听到的简短形式来说。

  • “sh” 和 “zh” 音: meditation /mɛdɪˈteɪʃn̩/, initiation /ɪˌnɪʃ.iˈeɪ.ʃən/, irrational /ɪˈɹæʃ.(ə.)nəl/, caution /ˈkɔːʃ(ə)n/
  • 长单词——注意重音位置: entrepreneur /ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɝ/, initiation /ɪˌnɪʃ.iˈeɪ.ʃən/, irrational /ɪˈɹæʃ.(ə.)nəl/, resilience /ɹɪˈzɪl.ɪ.əns/, amazingly /əˈmeɪzɪŋli/

中文母语者容易读错的音：

  • /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: virtue /ˈvɝt͡ʃu/, invent /ɪnˈvɛnt/, destructive /dɪˈstɹʌktɪv/, behave /bɪˈheɪv/
  • 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: ardent /ˈɑɹdənt/, resonate /ˈɹɛz.əˌneɪt/, setback /ˈsɛtbæk/, invent /ɪnˈvɛnt/, resilience /ɹɪˈzɪl.ɪ.əns/
  • /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: irrational /ɪˈɹæʃ.(ə.)nəl/, follower /ˈfɒləʊə(ɹ)/, resilience /ɹɪˈzɪl.ɪ.əns/, translate /tɹænzˈleɪt/

如何用这段视频练习

  1. 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
  2. 用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
  3. 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 inspire, meditation, entrepreneur 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →