تدريب Shadowing: IELTS Listening Section-4(Stoicism) with answers - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو

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Part 4.
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You will hear a professor of philosophy giving a talk on the ancient philosophy of Stoicism.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Ancient philosophy is not just about talking or lecturing or even reading long, dense books.
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In fact, it is something people have used throughout history to solve their problems and to achieve their greatest triumphs.
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Specifically, I am referring to Stoicism,
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which in my opinion is the most practical of all philosophies and therefore the most appealing.
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Stoicism was founded in ancient Greece by Zeno of Citium in the early 3rd century BC, but was practiced by the likes of Epictetus,
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Cato, Seneca, and Marcus Aurelius.
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Amazingly, we still have access to these ideas, despite the fact that the most famous Stoics never wrote anything down for publication.
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Cato definitely didn't.
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Marcus Aurelius never intended his meditations to be anything but personal.
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Seneca's letters were, well, letters, and Epictetus's thoughts come to us by way of a note-taking student.
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Stoic principles were based on the idea that its followers could have an unshakable happiness in this life,
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and the key to achieving this was virtue.
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The road to virtue, in turn,
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lay in understanding that destructive emotions like anger and jealousy are under our conscious control.
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They don't have to control us, because we can learn to control them.
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In the words of Epictetus, external events I cannot control, but the choices I make with regard to them I do control.
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The modern-day philosopher
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and writer Nassim Nicholas Taleb defines a Stoic as someone who has a different perspective on experiences
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which most of us would see as wholly negative.
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A Stoic transforms fear into caution,
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pain into transformation, mistakes into initiation, and desire into undertaking.
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Using this definition as a model, we can see that throughout the centuries,
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Stoicism has been practiced in more recent history by kings, presidents, artists, writers, and entrepreneurs.
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The Founding Fathers of the United States were inspired by the philosophy.
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George Washington was introduced to Stoicism by his neighbours at age seventeen,
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and later put on a play based on the life of Cato to inspire his men.
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Thomas Jefferson kept a copy of Seneca beside his bed.
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Writers and artists have also been inspired by the Stoics.
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Eugene Delacroix, the renowned French romantic artist, known best for his painting, Liberty Leading the People, was an ardent Stoic,
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referring to it as his consoling religion.
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The economist Adam Smith's theories on capitalism were significantly influenced by the Stoicism that he studied as a schoolboy,
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under a teacher who had translated Marcus Aurelius's works.
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Today's political leaders are no different, with many finding their inspiration from the ancient texts.
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Former US President Bill Clinton re-reads Marcus Aurelius every single year,
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and many have compared former President Obama's calm leadership style to that of Cato.
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Wen Jiabao, the former Prime Minister of China, claims that Meditations is one of two books he travels with,
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and that he has read it more than 100 times over the course of his life.
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Stoicism had a profound influence on Albert Ellis, who invented cognitive behaviour therapy,
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which is used to help people manage their problems by changing the way that they think and behave.
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It's most commonly used to treat depression.
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The idea is that we can take control of our lives by challenging the irrational beliefs that create our faulty thinking,
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symptoms and behaviours by using logic instead.
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Stoicism has also become popular in the world of business.
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Stoic principles can build the resilience and state of mind required to overcome setbacks,
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because Stoics teach turning obstacles into opportunity, a lesson every business entrepreneur needs to learn.
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I would argue that studying Stoicism is as relevant today as it was 2,000 years ago,
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thanks to its brilliant insights into how to lead a good life.
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At the very root of the thinking, there is a very simple way of living.
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Control what you can and accept what you can't.
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This is not as easy as it sounds and will require considerable practice.
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It can take a lifetime to master.
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The Stoics also believed the most important foundation for a good and happy life is not money,
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fame, power or pleasure, but having a disciplined and principled character,
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something which seems to resonate with many people today.
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That is the end of part four.
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You now have one minute to check your answers to part four.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.

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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس

هذا الدرس في المحادثة بمستوى C1 مبني على الفيديو “IELTS Listening Section-4(Stoicism) with answers”. أكثر الكلمات تكرارًا في الفيديو: Stoic, Stoicism, Cato, Marcus, philosophy. يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 63 جملة و758 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 7:50. يتكلم المتحدث ببطء، بمعدل 97 كلمة في الدقيقة تقريبًا، فيكون لديك وقت لتقليد كل صوت. 78% فقط من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، فالمفردات صعبة نسبيًا.

أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو

أصعب 15 كلمة في الفيديو، مع النطق والمعنى:

الكلمةالنطقالمعنى
entrepreneur اسم/ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɝ/رَائِد أَعْمال مُتَعَهِّد, مُقَاوِل m مُلْتَزِم
schoolboy اسم/ˈskulˌbɔɪ/تِلْمِيذ
setback اسم/ˈsɛtbæk/نَكْسَة
follower اسم/ˈfɒləʊə(ɹ)/تَابِع
invent فعل/ɪnˈvɛnt/اِخْتَرَعَ
resilience اسم/ɹɪˈzɪl.ɪ.əns/القدرة على التعافي بعد الصدمة
symptom اسم/ˈsɪm(p)təm/عَرَض, عَلَامَة
amazingly ظرف/əˈmeɪzɪŋli/عَجَبًا
neighbour اسم/ˈneɪbɚ/جَار, جَارة
philosopher اسم/fəˈlɑsəfɚ/فَيْلَسُوف
obstacle اسم/ˈɑbstəkəl/عَقَبَة, حَاجِز
jealousy اسم/ˈd͡ʒɛl.ə.si/حَسَد, غَبْط
economist اسم/iˈkɑ.nə.mɪst/اِقْتِصَادِيّ
translate فعل/tɹænzˈleɪt/تَرْجَمَ
triumph اسم/ˈtɹaɪ̯əmf/نصر

القواعد في هذا الفيديو

أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:

التركيبفي الفيديو
المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعلهwas founded · were based · has been practiced
المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآنhas been practiced · have also been inspired · have compared
جمل الوصل who / which + جملة — معلومة إضافية عن شخص أو شيءsomeone who has · teacher who had

نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه

يستخدم المتحدث 3 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل can't, didn't, don't. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.

  • أصوات “sh” و“zh”: meditation /mɛdɪˈteɪʃn̩/, initiation /ɪˌnɪʃ.iˈeɪ.ʃən/, irrational /ɪˈɹæʃ.(ə.)nəl/, caution /ˈkɔːʃ(ə)n/
  • الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: entrepreneur /ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɝ/, initiation /ɪˌnɪʃ.iˈeɪ.ʃən/, irrational /ɪˈɹæʃ.(ə.)nəl/, resilience /ɹɪˈzɪl.ɪ.əns/, amazingly /əˈmeɪzɪŋli/

أصوات يجدها متحدثو العربية صعبة:

  • /p/ — ليس /b/: انطقه مع نفخة هواء: inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(ɹ)/, entrepreneur /ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɝ/, symptom /ˈsɪm(p)təm/, profound /pɹəˈfaʊnd/, capitalism /ˈkæp.ə.təlˌɪzm̩/
  • /v/ — ليس /f/: مع اهتزاز الأوتار الصوتية: virtue /ˈvɝt͡ʃu/, invent /ɪnˈvɛnt/, destructive /dɪˈstɹʌktɪv/, behave /bɪˈheɪv/
  • تتابع الصوامت — لا تضف حركة بينها: inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(ɹ)/, entrepreneur /ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɝ/, ardent /ˈɑɹdənt/, schoolboy /ˈskulˌbɔɪ/, invent /ɪnˈvɛnt/

كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو

  1. استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
  2. ردّد جملة جملة بالسرعة العادية، وكرّر كل جملة حتى يتطابق إيقاعك مع المتحدث.
  3. سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل entrepreneur, schoolboy, setback.

ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟

التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.

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