Shadowing Practice: The positive effects of positive emotions - Learn English Speaking with Video

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Tanya Cushman Reviewer Reviewer.

If I asked

you what emotions psychologists have spent most of their time studying,

Would you be surprised if the answer was anger, fear, anxiety, or sadness?

Well, it surprised me.

Now, don't get me wrong, this research is incredibly important.

But focusing so heavily on our negative emotions portrays a very one-sided image of the human experience

that fails to capture its beauty and its resilience.

We feel such a wide variety of positive emotions, like compassion, joy, love, and awe.

In fact, in our everyday lives, we experience these positive emotions three times as often as negative emotions.

Now, I'm happy to report that a new generation of researchers, myself included, are starting to focus on the impact of positive emotions for outcomes like health,

relationship quality, and well-being.

And it turns out that across every domain of measurement, the positive emotions are revealing themselves to have a profound effect.

Let me tell you about two studies my colleagues and I have done.

They both focus on one potential biological pathway between positive emotions and physical health.

At the center of this work are some important markers of immune functioning, called pro-inflammatory cytokines.

These proteins are called the regulators of the immune system, and they actively promote inflammation in the body in response to infection, illness, or injury.

Now, they may be small in size, but I can assure you that their impact is dramatic.

They give rise to acute symptoms like fever, fatigue, and even pain.

And over time, when chronically elevated, they have harmful effects for health, contributing to diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and depression.

Now, there are many different types of pro-inflammatory cytokines, so in our work we chose to focus on one called interleukin-6, or IL-6 for short.

Thanks to scientific advances, we can now measure IL-6 relatively cheaply and easily in the lab by collecting a person's saliva.

Our idea was that people who experience more positive emotions would have lower levels of IL-6 circulating in their body.

Why did we think this?

Well, certain negative emotions have been associated with increases in IL-6.

So we thought perhaps positive emotions would have the opposite effect, leading to lower levels of this damaging biomarker.

So in two studies, we had students come into the lab, and we measured how much positive emotion they felt in the past month.

Then we collected a sample of saliva in order to measure IL-6.

It turns out that our hypothesis was correct.

Positive emotions predicted lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in our student population.

So next we asked, are certain positive emotions better predictors of lower levels of IL-6 than others?

So in an additional study, we had participants fill out a survey that was designed to measure the frequency

and intensity with which people experience seven specific positive emotions.

Amusement, awe, contentment, compassion, pride, love, and joy.

Not only did we replicate our original findings, that positive emotions predicted lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines,

we also found that four specific positive emotions were particularly good predictors of lower levels of IL-6.

Those emotions were joy, pride, contentment, and awe, and their predictive value was significant.

Interestingly, the emotion of awe had the strongest negative relationship to levels of IL-6.

Even when we controlled for the other six positive emotions, even when we took the relevant personality measures into account,

and even when we used another measure that asked participants how much awe, wonder, and amazement they felt the day they came into the lab.

So let's talk a little bit about awe.

Awe is a powerful and transformative emotion.

It's inspired great works of art, incited religious movements, and generated philosophical musings about the sublime.

But despite this impressive resume, only very recently have we begun to study this emotion in psychology. So what is awe?

I define it by its synonyms, wonder and amazement, and by its psychological experience.

We feel awe when we encounter something vast and grand that challenges our world view.

It makes us feel small in the presence of something bigger than ourselves, and connected with others around us.

Now, you might be thinking that you have to travel to remote places in order to experience this emotion, but I can tell you that that's not the case.

In fact, participants report feeling awe about twice a week on average, making it a more common emotion than you might expect.

We feel awe when we hear beautiful music, when we look up at the night sky and see the stars,

or when we watch athletes achieve feats that we thought were beyond reality.

So here's the question.

Why would awe be a better predictor of good health than other positive emotions.

We don't yet know.

It may be because awe is particularly potent at reducing stress or increasing feelings of social connection.

It may be because awe generates a desire to engage or explore the world around us.

Recent work suggests that awe promotes greater humility, pro-sociality, and well-being.

And all of these things could impact physical health.

What I do know is that these findings have changed how I think about awe in my own life.

I used to see a walk in nature or a trip to the museum

as a luxury that I could rarely afford in my busy life.

Now I see these experiences as essential to my mental and physical health.

And as a field, we psychologists are changing how we think about positive emotions.

We now recognize that they aren't simply the absence of negative emotions, but that they're colorful and varied in their own right,

and that specific positive emotions like awe might hold important benefits for things like physical health.

Now, we still have a lot to learn about the emotion of awe, but it's fascinating to think that in seeking out the beauty

and the mystery and the vastness that our world has to offer, that we might actually find the key to our own physical health.

Thank you.

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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección

Esta lección de conversación de nivel C1 se basa en el vídeo “The positive effects of positive emotions”. Las palabras que más se repiten: emotion, awe, positive, levels, experience. Este vídeo tiene 68 frases y 1017 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 7:27. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 137 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. Solo el 79 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.

Vocabulario clave de este vídeo

Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:

Palabra	Pronunciación	Significado
cytokine sustantivo	/ˈsaɪ.təˌkaɪn/	citocina
inflammatory adjetivo	/ɪnˈflæmət(ə)ɹi/	inflamatorio
participant sustantivo	/pɑːɹˈtɪsəpənt/	participante, partícipe
amazement sustantivo	/əˈmeɪz.mənt/	asombro, sorpresa
contentment sustantivo	/kənˈtɛntmənt/	contentamiento, satisfacción
saliva sustantivo	/səˈlaɪvə/	saliva
psychologist sustantivo	/ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/	psicólogo, psicóloga
compassion sustantivo	/kəmˈpæʃ.ən/	compasión
predict verbo	/pɹɪˈdɪkt/	predecir
biomarker sustantivo	/ˈbaɪoʊˌmɑɹkɚ/	biomarcador
chronically adverbio		crónicamente
circulate verbo	/ˈsɝ.kjʊˌleɪt/	circular, roldar
elevate verbo	/ˈɛləveɪt/	elevar, levantar
fascinate verbo	/ˈfæsɪneɪt/	fascinar
incite verbo	/ɪnˈsaɪt/	incitar, concitar

Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar

Palabra	Pronunciación	Significado
turn out verbo		resultar
fill out verbo	/fɪl ˈaʊt/	rellenar, cumplimentar

Gramática en este vídeo

Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:

Estructura	En el vídeo
Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora	have spent · have done · have been associated
Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace	are called · have been associated · was designed

Pronunciación a tener en cuenta

El hablante usa 5 contracciones y formas reducidas, como don't, aren't, I'm. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.

Los sonidos de “th”: pathway /ˈpæθˌweɪ/, hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/
Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: compassion /kəmˈpæʃ.ən/, sociality /ˌsoʊ.ʃiˈæləti/, inflammation /ɪnfləˈmeɪ̯ʃən/, measurement /ˈmɛʒ.ə.mənt/, assure /əˈʃʊɹ/
Palabras largas — cuida el acento: inflammatory /ɪnˈflæmət(ə)ɹi/, participant /pɑːɹˈtɪsəpənt/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, sociality /ˌsoʊ.ʃiˈæləti/, transformative /tɹænsˈfɔɹmətɪv/

Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:

/v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: saliva /səˈlaɪvə/, elevate /ˈɛləveɪt/, predictive /pɹɪˈdɪk.tɪv/, transformative /tɹænsˈfɔɹmətɪv/, vastness /ˈvæstnəs/
/z/ — sonora, no /s/: amazement /əˈmeɪz.mənt/, resilience /ɹɪˈzɪl.ɪ.əns/, amusement /əˈmjuzmənt/
/h/ — una aspiración suave, no la “j”: humility /hjuːˈmɪlɪti/, hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/, harmful /ˈhɑɹmfl̩/

Cómo practicar con este vídeo

Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como cytokine, inflammatory, participant.

¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.

Técnica de shadowing: lee la guía completa paso a paso →

Shadowing Practice: The positive effects of positive emotions - Learn English Speaking with Video

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