Pratique du Shadowing: The positive effects of positive emotions - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

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Tanya Cushman Reviewer Reviewer.

If I asked

you what emotions psychologists have spent most of their time studying,

Would you be surprised if the answer was anger, fear, anxiety, or sadness?

Well, it surprised me.

Now, don't get me wrong, this research is incredibly important.

But focusing so heavily on our negative emotions portrays a very one-sided image of the human experience

that fails to capture its beauty and its resilience.

We feel such a wide variety of positive emotions, like compassion, joy, love, and awe.

In fact, in our everyday lives, we experience these positive emotions three times as often as negative emotions.

Now, I'm happy to report that a new generation of researchers, myself included, are starting to focus on the impact of positive emotions for outcomes like health,

relationship quality, and well-being.

And it turns out that across every domain of measurement, the positive emotions are revealing themselves to have a profound effect.

Let me tell you about two studies my colleagues and I have done.

They both focus on one potential biological pathway between positive emotions and physical health.

At the center of this work are some important markers of immune functioning, called pro-inflammatory cytokines.

These proteins are called the regulators of the immune system, and they actively promote inflammation in the body in response to infection, illness, or injury.

Now, they may be small in size, but I can assure you that their impact is dramatic.

They give rise to acute symptoms like fever, fatigue, and even pain.

And over time, when chronically elevated, they have harmful effects for health, contributing to diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and depression.

Now, there are many different types of pro-inflammatory cytokines, so in our work we chose to focus on one called interleukin-6, or IL-6 for short.

Thanks to scientific advances, we can now measure IL-6 relatively cheaply and easily in the lab by collecting a person's saliva.

Our idea was that people who experience more positive emotions would have lower levels of IL-6 circulating in their body.

Why did we think this?

Well, certain negative emotions have been associated with increases in IL-6.

So we thought perhaps positive emotions would have the opposite effect, leading to lower levels of this damaging biomarker.

So in two studies, we had students come into the lab, and we measured how much positive emotion they felt in the past month.

Then we collected a sample of saliva in order to measure IL-6.

It turns out that our hypothesis was correct.

Positive emotions predicted lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in our student population.

So next we asked, are certain positive emotions better predictors of lower levels of IL-6 than others?

So in an additional study, we had participants fill out a survey that was designed to measure the frequency

and intensity with which people experience seven specific positive emotions.

Amusement, awe, contentment, compassion, pride, love, and joy.

Not only did we replicate our original findings, that positive emotions predicted lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines,

we also found that four specific positive emotions were particularly good predictors of lower levels of IL-6.

Those emotions were joy, pride, contentment, and awe, and their predictive value was significant.

Interestingly, the emotion of awe had the strongest negative relationship to levels of IL-6.

Even when we controlled for the other six positive emotions, even when we took the relevant personality measures into account,

and even when we used another measure that asked participants how much awe, wonder, and amazement they felt the day they came into the lab.

So let's talk a little bit about awe.

Awe is a powerful and transformative emotion.

It's inspired great works of art, incited religious movements, and generated philosophical musings about the sublime.

But despite this impressive resume, only very recently have we begun to study this emotion in psychology. So what is awe?

I define it by its synonyms, wonder and amazement, and by its psychological experience.

We feel awe when we encounter something vast and grand that challenges our world view.

It makes us feel small in the presence of something bigger than ourselves, and connected with others around us.

Now, you might be thinking that you have to travel to remote places in order to experience this emotion, but I can tell you that that's not the case.

In fact, participants report feeling awe about twice a week on average, making it a more common emotion than you might expect.

We feel awe when we hear beautiful music, when we look up at the night sky and see the stars,

or when we watch athletes achieve feats that we thought were beyond reality.

So here's the question.

Why would awe be a better predictor of good health than other positive emotions.

We don't yet know.

It may be because awe is particularly potent at reducing stress or increasing feelings of social connection.

It may be because awe generates a desire to engage or explore the world around us.

Recent work suggests that awe promotes greater humility, pro-sociality, and well-being.

And all of these things could impact physical health.

What I do know is that these findings have changed how I think about awe in my own life.

I used to see a walk in nature or a trip to the museum

as a luxury that I could rarely afford in my busy life.

Now I see these experiences as essential to my mental and physical health.

And as a field, we psychologists are changing how we think about positive emotions.

We now recognize that they aren't simply the absence of negative emotions, but that they're colorful and varied in their own right,

and that specific positive emotions like awe might hold important benefits for things like physical health.

Now, we still have a lot to learn about the emotion of awe, but it's fascinating to think that in seeking out the beauty

and the mystery and the vastness that our world has to offer, that we might actually find the key to our own physical health.

Thank you.

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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon

Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C1 s’appuie sur la vidéo « The positive effects of positive emotions ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : emotion, awe, positive, levels, experience. Cette vidéo contient 68 phrases et 1017 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 7:27. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 137 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. Seuls 79 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.

Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo

Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :

Mot	Prononciation	Sens
cytokine nom	/ˈsaɪ.təˌkaɪn/	cytokine
inflammatory adjectif	/ɪnˈflæmət(ə)ɹi/	inflammatoire
participant nom	/pɑːɹˈtɪsəpənt/	participant, participante
amazement nom	/əˈmeɪz.mənt/	stupéfaction, stupeur
contentment nom	/kənˈtɛntmənt/	contentement
saliva nom	/səˈlaɪvə/	salive
psychologist nom	/ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/	psychologue
compassion nom	/kəmˈpæʃ.ən/	compassion
predict verbe	/pɹɪˈdɪkt/	prédire
biomarker nom	/ˈbaɪoʊˌmɑɹkɚ/	biomarqueur
circulate verbe	/ˈsɝ.kjʊˌleɪt/	circuler
elevate verbe	/ˈɛləveɪt/	élever
fascinate verbe	/ˈfæsɪneɪt/	fasciner
incite verbe	/ɪnˈsaɪt/	inciter
musing nom		pensée

Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez

Mot	Prononciation	Sens
turn out verbe		se finir, se terminer
fill out verbe	/fɪl ˈaʊt/	remplir, compléter

La grammaire de cette vidéo

Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :

Structure	Dans la vidéo
Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant	have spent · have done · have been associated
Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait	are called · have been associated · was designed

Prononciation à surveiller

Le locuteur utilise 5 contractions et formes réduites, comme don't, aren't, I'm. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.

Les sons « th »: pathway /ˈpæθˌweɪ/, hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/
Les sons « sh » et « zh »: compassion /kəmˈpæʃ.ən/, sociality /ˌsoʊ.ʃiˈæləti/, inflammation /ɪnfləˈmeɪ̯ʃən/, measurement /ˈmɛʒ.ə.mənt/, assure /əˈʃʊɹ/
Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: inflammatory /ɪnˈflæmət(ə)ɹi/, participant /pɑːɹˈtɪsəpənt/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, sociality /ˌsoʊ.ʃiˈæləti/, transformative /tɹænsˈfɔɹmətɪv/

Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :

/h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: humility /hjuːˈmɪlɪti/, hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/, harmful /ˈhɑɹmfl̩/
/tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, cheaply /ˈt͡ʃiːpli/, researcher /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/
/r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: inflammatory /ɪnˈflæmət(ə)ɹi/, predictor /pɹɪˈdɪk.tɚ/, participant /pɑːɹˈtɪsəpənt/, predict /pɹɪˈdɪkt/, biomarker /ˈbaɪoʊˌmɑɹkɚ/

Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo

Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme cytokine, inflammatory, participant.

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

Technique du shadowing : lire le guide complet étape par étape →

Pratique du Shadowing: The positive effects of positive emotions - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

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