Pratique du Shadowing: miami and then new york - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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The I
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landed in Miami at 5 a.m and I was like, okay now we're starting the day, baby.
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We're in Miami.
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We're gonna go wild.
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We're gonna go wet and wild.
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We're in Miami, baby.
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And then I was like, okay, actually, unfortunately, I can't get wet and wild because I'm way too tired.
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And so I slept until like 1 p.m and then now it's 3 p.m and I haven't even been outside yet.
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And I have a feeling I won't go outside today until the event that I have tonight, which is at 8 p.m.
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I don't think I'm going to go outside.
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I hate when I'm inside all day.
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It just feels terrible.
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Sometimes a red-eye flight works for me and it's totally fine
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and I land and I'm able to have a full day
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because I feel really rested from sleeping on the plane and sometimes I sleep on the plane and it's just not enough.
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And I land and I'm like, nope, I need to take a nap and I need to lay in bed all day.
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And this is one of those times when I just need to lay in bed all day.
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I mean, I might be able to take a walk.
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I'm getting my hair and makeup done for this event tonight at 5 p.m.
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It is exactly 3.20 p.m right now.
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Like, I could go take a little 40-minute walk.
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What do I do?
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But I also need to take a shower like I need
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to take a full shower like I need to shave my legs I need to wash my hair.
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I need to brush my teeth in the shower I need
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to take a full shower like I need to exfoliate my skin like I need to take a full shower Oh
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I feel good
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So now I have to figure out how the shower works
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and this is gonna take me 20 to 30 minutes My
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own shower at home easy peasy obviously it's my shower I know what to do a new shower
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that I've never experienced before it's a mess I don't know what to do.
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Let's see.
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So this is hot.
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This is cold.
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This is up.
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This is down, okay Okay, so far so good.
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We'll see.
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Honestly, like kind of editorial.
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It's kind of good.
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Is this working?
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No. Okay, now the floor is all wet.
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What's happening?
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The End
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Get creative,
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get artsy.
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For some reason when I'm traveling I'm like so bad about my social media usage.
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Like I know, I'm like fuck it, I'm not reading a book.
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I'm scrolling on Instagram.
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I'm indulging.
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Anytime I travel I'm just so indulgent about everything.
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Oh good, my daily average is eight hours.
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Yeah, but that includes like everything.
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I know.
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Let's see what I use the most.
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Oh, I use Instagram for two hours a day.
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Calendar for 30 minutes is so accurate.
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Because I'm always on my Google Calendar obsessing over it.
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I'm too obsessed with angel numbers.
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Like I keep seeing 10 today and I'm like, what does that mean?
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Now I need to Google the angel number meaning of 10.
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Like everything's 10 for me today.
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Okay, 10 means you've completed a cycle in your life and a new chapter is about to begin.
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Hell yeah!
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What the fuck does that mean?
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I really
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I thought that I was gonna go out tonight because I was like, I'm in Miami.
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Okay, this is a party place.
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Sorry if I'm talking weird.
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I have my retainers in.
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I'm in this social phase of my life.
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I've been loving the nightlife.
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I don't know.
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So I really thought I was gonna do it tonight and I didn't.
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Oh my god, I'm so thirsty.
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I can't get up.
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I can't get up again.
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Sorry.
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I'm so dehydrated.
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My head hurts, but I can't unfortunately get up again. So I'm
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sorry.
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I'm gonna try to get some more of a drink.
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Ow.
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Latte, hot, with almond milk.
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I don't know what has gotten into me.
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I'm in like a somewhat tropical location and I was like, I want a hot little latte this morning.
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I will say though, it is kind of cold.
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Like, actually I think my room is cold because I turned the AC on really high high.
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Turned my room down to like 67 degrees and it was so cold I slept with my socks on
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and I slept with my hoodie on which is like kind of unnecessary
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but I just love a frigid cold room when I go to sleep.
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I took it a little bit too far last night so maybe that's why I wanted a hot latte today.
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Okay so it's too hot but then I also got an iced Americano but here's the problem with an iced Americano.
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A lot of times they don't make it right.
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And I, listen, I'm not a trained barista.
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I don't make the most perfect lattes.
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I don't make the most perfect espresso.
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Okay.
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So now that I've said that, basically they make it wrong.
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Okay.
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An iced Americano is espresso, water, and ice.
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And obviously espresso is hot, right?
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So a lot of times when you order an Americano, an iced Americano at a cafe, they won't put enough ice in.
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So they'll pour the espresso over the ice and then they'll just pour water on top.
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And then when you get the drink, it's kind of warm.
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You know, they haven't like mixed it up.
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The way I like to make an iced Americano is they put a lot of ice in all the way up.
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Then I pour espresso in.
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Then I mix it up to get the espresso really cold.
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Make sure that I still have enough ice.
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Then I pour water on top.
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This straw is going to be disintegrated in about 30 seconds.
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It's going to get squishy because it's a paper one.
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Something weird happens when I'm traveling where I do get two coffees in the morning.
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Like when I go to the first little cafe that I go to, I tend to get two drinks.
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I don't know what that is because when I'm at home, I just make one drink.
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I think it's because I don't know what I'm to like.
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And it's so important that I have my coffee in the morning
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that I just would rather order two and like one of them.
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Like really enjoy one of them than get one drink and be kind of disappointed with how it turned out.
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Listen, I have no room to be a snob, okay?
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I'm no perfect barista at home.
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I would like to actually learn how to be a barista.
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So I might sign up for a class to learn because I think that would be kind of cool.
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And it's a skill that I would definitely use.
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So, maybe I'll sign up for that.
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I don't know where you sign up for that, though.
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It's like...
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I'll figure it out.
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Actually, I'll make my mom figure it out.
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The hot latte today is really good.
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Dang, and it's got like this nice foam.
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Wait, now I'm paranoid that this isn't almond milk.
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It definitely is.
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Yeah.
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Regular milk has this like...
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I don't like it.
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I don't like it.
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It has this sort of like weird sour aftertaste, which is not I mean listen It's not like the worst thing in the world, but
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Welcome to a new segment
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that I'd like to call Emma's mini bar review today We're
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going to be reviewing the mini bar here at the hotel that I'm staying at in South Beach, Miami We have the mini bar behind us
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and I'm gonna be discussing what type of snacks and drinks that they have in this hotel and share my thoughts.
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So stay tuned and get excited.
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Bark thins.
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Dark chocolate pretzel and sea salt.
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That does sound good.
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I would try that.
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Okay, we have multiple bars of chocolate.
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This one is super food.
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Now, I don't know how I feel about that.
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Organic goji berries, dried blueberries, chia seeds.
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If I'm having a fucking chocolate bar, Give me some goddamn peanuts and caramel in it.
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But you know what, I'm not gonna be an asshole.
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Like I, you know...
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It's a nice thought.
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Honestly, I might end up eating this.
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Fancy potato chips.
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Black truffle.
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Let me be honest, truffle is like a hit or miss flavor for me though.
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Like some days when I eat something that's truffle, I'm like, yum, yum, yum, yum.
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And then some days when I eat truffle, I'm like, ew, this is fucking disgusting.
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I never want to taste this foul flavor ever again.
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We'll see what type of mood I'm in on this trip and we'll see if I end up eating these.
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Okay, these look actually really fun.
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Dark chocolate and coconut.
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Little bites.
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This will be my little travel snack.
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I mean my flight is like three hours.
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I'm only going to New York, but...
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You never know, you might need a little dark chocolate and coconut bite.
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Ooh!
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See, this is better, I think, than the truffle chips.
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Jalapeno, kettle brand, super crunchy.
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Wow, so crunchy.
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Such a crunchy chip.
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These are jalapeno, yum.
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A little spicy, yum.
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I love spicy.
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Okay, but the bag feels crushed already.
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It's like chip cereal in here.
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You know, I just pour it out and it'd just be like a bunch of tiny pieces.
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Might as well just pour some milk on it and eat it like cereal at this point, but I mean still happy it's here.
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Plantain strips, yum.
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My god, I love plantain chips.
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I used to eat plantain chips constantly as a kid.
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My mom was obsessed with them.
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So this is a nostalgic snack and I will probably eat these too.
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I'm honestly not, I keep saying I'm gonna eat this stuff, but actually I'm only gonna be here for another like 24 hours Like I'm not gonna eat these.
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I'm gonna have to start making some choices Wow, wow, my favorite brand of popcorn in the entire world my Bjornkorn, they have the Bjornkorn.
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That is fucking amazing You know what?
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I'm putting this in my bed and when I'm working on my computer today At some point I'm gonna be like,
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ooh Mommy needs a snack and then I'm gonna grab this and I'm gonna be happy so Turkey jerky and beef jerky.
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Not for me, so who cares?
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I have never eaten beef jerky because I've been a vegetarian pretty much my whole life.
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I've always been angry at people who do because anytime somebody opens up a bag of beef jerky,
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it just makes the entire room reek and just smell so potently of beef jerky.
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I've always been like, how can you eat this?
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It's like a complete social faux pas.
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Like, you can't open this bag in public.
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You're stinking out the whole room.
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Like, what are you doing?
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I don't, whatever.
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We have two little granola bars that I probably won't eat.
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So, I mean, they look good, but it's like, I'd so much rather eat my little snack in ball form.
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Way more fun.
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These still look good, though.
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I mean, but no. Ball form?
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Fun.
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Bar form?
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Come on.
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These are good.
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Tate's cookies, these are good.
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They're crispy, which is not normally what I like.
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I actually normally like a chewy cookie, but these are fine.
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Let's go into the drink fridge and see if there's anything good in here.
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Oh shit.
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Plant Botanical Vodka Seltzer. That actually sounds good.
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I'm not going to drink it because I don't like vodka.
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Wait, it has superfood ingredients.
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Dandelion, goji berry, ginseng, angelica.
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It's actually kind of cool, but maybe I will drink it.
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Pellegrino.
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Okay.
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They have a lot of different kinds of beer.
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As much as I'd love to be a girl who cracks open a beer at the end of the night, I'm not because beer hurts my stomach.
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So I'm not a beer girl.
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I wish I was I wish I was it would look super cool imagine me at a bar just like
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Good to see You know me with a beer such a cool vibe,
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but it's never gonna happen so coconut water.
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I do love coconut water Apple juice okay, Casamigos a little maker's mark you get the idea.
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It's like it's all happening So I'm gonna give this mini bar honestly a really good rating.
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I would say
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that this is a phenomenal mini bar We're not just talking about a little bag of M&Ms
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and a bag of Lay's potato chips, okay?
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We're talking about some variety here.
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We're talking about something unique I'm gonna give this mini bar an 8.5 out of 10
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and I might bump it to a 9 because they have this popcorn
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I'm going
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to the vanilla cream.
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Classic.
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Uh, 12 ounce.
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Can I do that with Mac Pay Payment?
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We're supposed to leave at 7,
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but the traffic is worse than having anticipated, and we're not close to the menu,
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so maybe we do, if we can leave in a 40 minutes, 45 minutes.
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Okay.
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I have never started a photo shoot at night.
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Me neither.
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Like starting a photo shoot at 8pm is something I cannot comprehend.
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It's like a fun night adventure.
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But like wrapping at midnight or 1 in the morning is crazy to me.
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I know.
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My flight's tomorrow at...
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I have to be up by 4am.
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My flight's at 6.30.
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Ours is at 7.
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We have to be up at 4 too.
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I know.
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It would be kind of nice though, because it's like, you sleep on the plane.
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Yeah.
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Where are you flying to? To LA.
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Oh, see you're lucky because you can do a full sleep.
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Oh yeah.
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You're going to New York.
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We're going to New York so we're kind of screwed a little bit.
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Wait, are you going straight into work?
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No, I don't work tomorrow.
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Okay.
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Thank you.
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Listen, it's 2 in the morning, or is it 1 a.m.?
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No, it's 2 a.m.
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I have never finished a photo shoot this late.
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We started shooting at like 8 p.m., and then we shot from 8 to 9, 10, 11, 12.
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Yeah, it was only like 4 hours.
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This is the third banana I've had today.
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my body wants a banana today.
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I might crush this one too.
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I don't know yet.
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But here's the thing.
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I need to stop talking with my mouth full.
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I leave for the airport at 5 a.m
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and my flight is at 7 a.m and I'm flying to New York
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which I'm stoked about because the weather is cold and I'm ready to wear a scarf.
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I did just throw my banana peel on my nightstand.
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I did not experience Miami at all.
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I really was convinced I was gonna go out in Miami.
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I was like, that's what you do in Miami.
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Nope.
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Great combo.
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Um, I'm just trying to figure out if I'm gonna go to sleep because should I go to sleep?
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I'm gonna eat the other banana too.
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Banana number four of the day.
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I don't know what's wrong with me.
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Like it's so many bananas, but maybe my body needs potassium and that's why I'm like craving them.
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I'm gonna pack and then I'm gonna see what time it is and I'm gonna weigh the pros and cons.
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I'm going to sleep for a few hours.
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I don't think I'm gonna go to sleep.
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Really?
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Sometimes bananas gross me out so bad, like, the thought of a banana makes me nauseous, and sometimes they're all I want to eat.
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It's so weird.
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Explain that.
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Oh, my God.
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Hey.
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Yes.
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Yes.
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Yes.
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The End
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Thank you.
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The End
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I'm sorry. so bad, but...
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Yum!
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Buffalo cauliflower. So yum.
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My stomach is gonna hurt so bad.
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But here I am.
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Yum.
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Wow.
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Wow, yum.
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Wow.
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They did not give me enough dressing.
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This is just dry.
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This is gonna be the driest salad of my life.
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It's so dry.
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I am so tired.
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I'm sorry.
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The rest
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is for you.
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It's so good.
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We love you, Mom.
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We love you so much.
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Okay, let's hold our service.
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What do you want?
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I want to see what they have.
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Are you guys serving food right now?
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Oh, okay, let me look at your menu.
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Where can I...
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Oh, it's in this?
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Oh, I have it.
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I'll call you back.
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Thank you.
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He's like, okay.
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Okay, can we eat?
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We have to fart.
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Can I fart?
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I'm gonna read you everything they have.
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Okay.
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Free range eggs, any style...
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This is breakfast, Owen.
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We can't have this.
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Why?
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It might be good for right now.
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No. No, they said any time.
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Oh.
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Toasted bagel, amazing.
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Seasonal green, ew.
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Honey nut squash soup.
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Ew.
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They don't even have a Caesar salad.
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Ooh, granola.
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That could be good.
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With oat milk.
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French fries.
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Ooh, french fries.
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That's easy.
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Brussels sprouts, yeah.
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French fries and Brussels sprouts?
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Yeah, let's do that.
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Order fries and Brussels sprouts. Should I?
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But how long will it take?
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Two hours.
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Eat another thing from the mini bar.
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Do you want me to bring you the whole mini bar?
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The mini bar?
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Snacks suck.
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I've never seen a less stacked mini bar.
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I know, it's not stacked.
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Should we go out? Should we?
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Oh my god.
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I got you.
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It's 3 in the morning.
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Okay, let's pick somewhere to go.
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What?
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And then drive by.
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You can't really do that in New York.
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No. I love driving by places and seeing who's outside.
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Me too.
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I used to drive by the club on the weekends.
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What club?
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One Oak.
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Yeah.
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Me and my friends would wait outside and roll down the windows and be like, We're looking for Jessica. Is she here?
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Because we wanted to kill time so that we could look.
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The people in line probably thought You did not know Jessica.
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They probably thought you were trying to start a fight.
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You know what I mean?
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They're like, Jessica, fuck my boyfriend.
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Is she here?
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Is fucking here?
398
You didn't approach it with like, yeah, you didn't approach it with like, oh my god, Jess?
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Wait, I'm picking up Jess.
400
You approached it like, is Jess here?
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We've been looking for Jess all night.
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Where the fuck is Jess?
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Cause I'm about to fucking get out of the car.
404
Should we walk somewhere?
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Like, walk somewhere.
406
It's dangerous.
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It's 3 in the morning, we can't walk anywhere.
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No, we could actually.
409
In New York, it's totally fine.
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But also like...
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It's totally fine!
412
Well...
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Oh my god.
414
What does that mean?
415
Oh my god, read it from here.
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Read it from here.
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Isn't that crazy?
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Ew.
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Whatever I just read, I want to unread.
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No, seriously, I can't be honest.
421
I want to show the camera that so that they can see what I just saw.
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It's like when you see the worst image ever of like a horrifying, like, something horrible in nature, and you're like, that happens?
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And then you have to show someone else because you have to, you know what I'm saying?
424
Like a blowfish.
425
Should we order the Cuban panini?
426
No. What's in it?
427
What's in it?
428
What's in it?
429
Smoked ham.
430
I'm a vegetarian.
431
But I'll eat it. That was crazy. So crazy.
432
Can I see the rest of it?
433
Yeah.
434
No, don't.
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Put that in there.
436
Oh my god.
437
Kind of funny.
438
It's not funny, but it's a great...
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No, but you get what I'm saying?
440
It's not fun.
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It's not...
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It's weird.
443
It's not inherently funny.
444
Okay, wait, what would...
445
If you had to get one thing off the room service menu, what would you get?
446
No, that's what I'm saying.
447
I would get French fries.
448
I would get French fries, but I would order you the Autumn Mushroom Bourgogneau.
449
Bourgogneau.
450
Wait, that was actually a really good phrase.
451
Okay, if I did you anything, I would get you the Café Euglery. Of course.
452
How do you pronounce that?
453
I don't know, maybe.
454
The cafe.. let's look it up.
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Cafe L'Ejoie.
456
You called it the cafe Legoland.
457
Cafe L'Ejoie.
458
Cafe L'Ejoie.
459
Cafe L'Ejoie.
460
Cafe L'Ejoie.
461
Can we do a really fun game?
462
Let's download Duolingo.
463
No!
464
This is not a fun game!
465
Welcome to another one of our French pronunciation exercises.
466
Reims Reims Reims Reims No N at the end Pardon Pardon
467
Really good Orange Wow you're fucking good Lundi Lundi I love you I love you
468
La plage.
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La plage.
470
La plage.
471
La plage.
472
La pl-la pl-la plage.
473
Let me read the con- Can I see the conversation?
474
Can I see it?
475
No. Or just read it to me.
476
Okay.
477
I lost my voice.
478
My voice is gone.
479
It's completely gone.
480
Let's see.
481
Can I do- no. I can't.
482
I don't want to brush my teeth.
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I really don't want to.
484
I'm going to do it.
485
But I don't want to.
486
It
487
is good, Tim.
488
What would you rate out of everything you've ever eaten?
489
Out of everything I've eaten?
490
I'd give it a four, but yeah.
491
That's high.
492
I know.
493
No way, I'd give it like...
494
Is this considered a monsoon?
495
It's not raining. Is it?
496
It's like, it's definitely sprinkling.
497
It's boring.
498
It's actually boring.
499
It's also it's literally it's 4 p.m.
500
And it's it's it's it's so dark.
501
Do you have seasonal whatever it's called?
502
Depression?
503
Yes.
504
No, no, no. Do you get seasonally depressed?
505
I feel like everybody does.
506
Yeah, do you feel depressed right now?
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No, I'm with you.
508
But if I were like home in bed?
509
No, I'd be so dark.
510
It'd be so dark.
511
Ay-yi-yi.
512
Ay-yi-yi.
513
We're not gonna walk to the vintage store, are we?
514
No. Yeah, we have to call the car.
515
No, I kind of want to.
516
You want to?
517
Yeah.
518
They're open actually late.
519
I think so.
520
Oh, it's Sunday though.
521
Oh, it is Sunday It is Sunday, we're just fucking shopping.
522
So what so sue us sue us that we were shopping sue us Oh, I keep hitting people with my fucking umbrella.
523
I'm hitting everyone No, we don't we don't we live in LA.
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We don't know how to use a fucking umbrella This is not for us.
525
Can I be totally honest what Emma's doing to me right
526
now is she keeps pretending Pretending she knows where we're going and we're walking in circles.
527
Wait.
528
Oh my god.
529
I forgot we were walking somewhere We've walked an hour.
530
Oh my god Where are we going?
531
Eww, I don't know The umbrella literally takes away like I
532
can't do anything with this fucking umbrella The umbrella with your outfit is so cute Wait, really?
533
Oh wait, I'm actually we were going the right way We're going the right way?
534
Yes!
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Oh and don't ever jump Thank you.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau B1 s’appuie sur la vidéo « miami and then new york ». Cette vidéo contient 535 phrases et 3857 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 34:24. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 112 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. Seuls 78 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| café nom | /ˌkæˈfeɪ/ | café |
| banana nom | /bəˈnænə/ | banane, bananier |
| chip nom | /t͡ʃɪp/ | brisure, fragment |
| espresso nom | /ɛˈspɹɛsoʊ/ | café express, express |
| fry verbe | /fɹaɪ/ | faire frire |
| snack nom | /snæk/ | casse-croûte m or casse-croute, hors-d'œuvre |
| pour verbe | /poɹ/ | verser |
| jerky nom | /ˈd͡ʒɝki/ | charqui, jerky |
| latte nom | /ˈlɑ.teɪ/ | café au lait |
| truffle nom | /ˈtɹʌf.l̩/ | truffe |
| umbrella nom | /ʌmˈbɹɛl.ə/ | parapluie, parasol |
| coconut nom | /ˈkəʊ.kə.nʌt/ | noix de coco |
| barista nom | /bəˈɹis.tə/ | barista |
| crunchy adjectif | /ˈkɹʌnt͡ʃi/ | croquant |
| obsess verbe | /əbˈsɛs/ | être obsédé |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| get up verbe | se lever | |
| end up verbe | se terminer, se finir | |
| figure out verbe | cerner | |
| go out verbe | sortir | |
| open up verbe | ouvrir | |
| pick up verbe | soulever | |
| take away verbe | /ˌteɪk əˈweɪ/ | retirer |
| turn out verbe | se finir, se terminer |
Des phrases à répéter
Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :
- Not for me, so who cares?
- I've always been like, how can you eat this?
- No, but you get what I'm saying?
- Out of everything I've eaten?
- Do you have seasonal whatever it's called?
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect continu have/has been + -ing — une action commencée avant et toujours en cours | I've been loving · We've been looking |
| « Used to » used to + verbe — une habitude ou un état passé qui n’est plus vrai | used to eat · used to drive |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | haven't even been · I've never experienced · you've completed |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | tonight, which is · aftertaste, which is · people who do |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 218 contractions et formes réduites, comme I'm, don't, gonna. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: crush /kɹʌʃ/, brush /bɹʌʃ/, blowfish /ˈbloʊˌfɪʃ/, nauseous /ˈnɔʃəs/, squishy /ˈskwɪʃi/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: jalapeño /ˌhɑ.ləˈpeɪn.joʊ/, vegetarian /vɛ.d͡ʒɪˈtɛ.ɹi.ən/, angelica /ænˈd͡ʒɛlɪkə/, cauliflower /ˈkɔl.ɪˌflaʊ.ɚ/, dandelion /ˈdæn.dəˌlaɪ.ən/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: jalapeño /ˌhɑ.ləˈpeɪn.joʊ/, dehydrate /diːhaɪˈdɹeɪt/, horrify /ˈhɒɹɪfaɪ/, inherently /ɪnˈhɛɹəntli/, comprehend /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnd/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: chip /t͡ʃɪp/, jerky /ˈd͡ʒɝki/, plage /pleɪd͡ʒ/, crunchy /ˈkɹʌnt͡ʃi/, goji /ˈɡoʊ.d͡ʒi/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: espresso /ɛˈspɹɛsoʊ/, fry /fɹaɪ/, pour /poɹ/, truffle /ˈtɹʌf.l̩/, umbrella /ʌmˈbɹɛl.ə/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme café, banana, chip.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.