Shadowing Practice: Drinking Nasty Swamp Water (to save the world) - Learn English Speaking with Video
בחר מצב תרגול
כל מצב פותח חדר תרגול במסך מלא.
129 משפטים
אם המשפטים קצרים או ארוכים מדי, לחץ על ערוך כדי להתאים אותם.
1
- About a year ago, I read about this powder you could add to super muddy water like this, and then you stir it up, and five minutes later, the mud has separated from the pure, clean, drinkable water.
2
And as a man of science, I see this and it feels like nothing short of magic.
3
I only make 12 videos a year, so I am really picky about what topics I will cover.
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And even though I usually just focus on using science and engineering to make totally ridiculous things.
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At least once a year, I try to make the case that these same science and engineering principles are also being used to actually change the world for the better.
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For example, last year I met with Manu Prakash from Stanford who was disappointed to realize the typical microscope and centrifuge to diagnose malaria costs tens of thousands of dollars and needs to be plugged in.
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So he amended a paper microscope and a paper centrifuge that costs 68 cents that can diagnose malaria and require no electricity.
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So today, we're gonna find out how this was invented, how the heck it works, and how it's being used to help people all around the world.
9
But first, to demonstrate this isn't some kind of smoke and mirrors trick, I located the nastiest water I could find near my house and met up with some intrepid field scientists.
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Today I'm joined by my friends, Cole, Kayden, Rainie and Max, I promised them they could be in a video but I didn't tell 'em which one or what we'd be doing, and here's the deal, guys.
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We need to go into that pond that's all gross and nasty and fill it up with muddy water, can you do that?
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Do you guys think this would be good to drink this?
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- No.
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- What do you guys give me if I take a sip of this?
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- 20 bucks. - 20 bucks? Okay.
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We're not gonna do anything to this one but I'm gonna do something to this one so then we can compare the two, okay?
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So I'm gonna take a little bit of this powder, I'm gonna put it in here.
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You guys see this?
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And then we're gonna take turns shaking it for like five minutes, okay?
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- See. - Let's see what happens. - Looks better.
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- It looks normal. - That looks better.
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- It looks better.
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Yeah, that looks really better.
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Oh, that looks like.
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- Okay, I'm gonna put my thumb at the water level so you know I'm not tricking you guys, okay?
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- Ew. - Ew.
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- Ah, that's some high quality H2O right there.
28
All right, where's my 20 bucks, Rainie?
29
- Mommy. - Chances are, if you're watching this video, you have essentially an endless supply of clean water at the pull of a lever.
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And because this is so easy, we tend to forget just how critical water is for us.
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You can live three weeks without food but only a few days without water.
32
And it's not just us, from plants to ants to bacteria, anything that is biological and living needs water to survive.
33
It sounds crazy, but there are no exceptions to this rule.
34
Because of this, when NASA is looking for evidence of life outside our planet, we first start by looking for evidence of water.
35
Given all that, it's a total bummer that nearly 1 billion people around the world don't have access to clean drinking water.
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Today, drinking contaminated water causes more deaths than HIV, AIDS and malaria combined.
37
And so, that's why the powder in this packet is a really big deal.
38
It was invented by a guy named Philip Souter, he's a laundry scientist at Procter & Gamble who was originally trying to figure out a way to separate dirt from used laundry water.
39
And I wanna be clear here, they are not sponsoring this video in any way.
40
I just think what they're doing is really awesome and they deserve some credit.
41
So I was actually able to track Philip down and he told me all about how it worked.
42
- So essentially, there's three processes, there's coagulation, then the next phase is flocculation, and then the last piece is the disinfection.
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- You start with clean water like this but now it's all brown because it's filled with lots of dirt, particles, parasites, and bacteria.
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So you dump the powder in the water, and as Phil explained, the coagulant part of the powder goes to work first.
45
It's basically seed crystals that are positively charged, and because the dirt in the water is negatively charged, these seed crystals act like dirt magnets.
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These dirt magnets grow until they're each about a millimeter in size.
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The next part of the powder to activate is the flocculant, which is a polymer, which you can think about as having huge long arms that wrap up all the little dirt magnet clumps, and now they form bigger chunks as large as a centimeter.
48
And these chunks now are so big, they're just slightly more dense than the water, which means they sink to the bottom.
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And finally, the chlorine is released and it goes to work on killing the 99.9999% of all the really tiny viruses and bacteria that are left in the water that didn't get wrapped up and sink to the bottom.
50
So now you're just left with safe drinking water at the top.
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And this isn't just some PR stump for P&G.
52
Since 2004, millions of people in over 90 countries have used these packets and they've saved untold thousands upon thousands of lives.
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In fact, they've cleaned enough water to fill a swimming pool that is the typical five feet deep by 15 feet across, only the length would need to stretch all the way across the United States over 13 times.
54
These packets cost them pennies to make which they sell at a loss and that feels like the right thing to do.
55
But it brings up the question, is there a case to be made beyond altruism where it's in the best interests of the rich countries to help out the poor countries?
56
And to answer this question, I wanted to speak with someone in the technology sector who had some experience in this kind of thing, and he's a bit of an obscure up and comer named Bill Gates.
57
But first, I had to do a little bit of research in order to get myself up to Seattle.
58
And when I arrived, they told me I was free to make myself at home while I waited for him to show up.
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So I did what any rational person would do given the circumstances, I made the richest man on planet Earth some pizza rolls.
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- Hi. - Bill, good to meet you.
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- Yeah, thanks for doing this.
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- They gave me free reign over your kitchen, and as a token of hospitality, I whipped up a batch of pizza rolls.
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- Oh wow, I'll try it, it's not what I normally eat.
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It's pretty hot, actually.
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- They're kind of like lava in the middle.
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- Not bad. - It's a bit okay, right?
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- All right, yeah. - A little bit of cardboard.
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- What do you got here?
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- This was plan B 'cause I wasn't expecting you to actually eat one of those. - Okay.
70
- Dick's burgers. - Love Dick's.
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- I know you love- - It's a Seattle phenomena.
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- Truth be told, I actually knew this after seeing a picture of him on Reddit.
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He's standing in line by himself to buy one of their hamburgers for less than two bucks.
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Hate to disappoint you, there's no Dick's burgers in here.
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- Okay. - We have some liquid refreshment.
76
- That's pretty dark looking.
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- So I took out the powder and explained to him how it worked, and then I set up the bottles.
78
And here's where we stood after a minute or two.
79
- Looks like we're making some progress up at the top there. - We're making some progress.
80
- I'd rather eat these than that so far.
81
- Why should we care about developing nations?
82
- Well, the amount of resource that rich countries spend in helping poor countries is pretty small, it's well less than 1% of their budget.
83
I defend that because that money is so impactful, you're saving lives for less than a thousand dollars per life saved.
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If you help a country lift itself up, then countries like Indonesia, Vietnam, India, get successful enough, they grow their economy so they no longer need it, they graduate.
85
- Okay, look at this.
86
- So it's amazing the way that a small amount of this thing. - Isn't it crazy?
87
It's like magic.
88
And I liked his answer that basically teaching a man to fish is better than just giving a man a fish.
89
What about the extreme case of a person who's just super self-absorbed, who might think, I just don't care if a poor country has a fish or not, it doesn't affect my daily life.
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I asked what he would say to that person.
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- The benefits are strong even if the pure humanitarian empathetic part isn't the key reason.
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- So then Bill told me two main reasons we should try and help developing nations, even from a selfish standpoint.
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The first is for our own safety.
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If a poor country receives aid, it fosters education and economic opportunity, which makes it more stable.
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And there's less of a reason for people to become desperate, which is a breeding ground for radical ideologies and terrorism.
96
All America's top generals agree that foreign aid creates stability, which reduces the need for military spending and makes the world a safer place.
97
Additionally, Bill told me there's the issue of diseases.
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When the next pandemic comes, there's a good chance it will be far worse than Ebola and it will spread quickly into the rich countries.
99
There's a huge benefit to us in helping these developing nations get their health systems to the point where they can detect and treat bad stuff before it has the chance to go global.
100
And the second selfish reason for helping developing nations that we discussed together was for our own prosperity.
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- After World War II, you think, hey, do we care about Japan?
102
Well, hey, then Japan, you know, Sony and Toyota, they're making good products. - Nintendo.
103
- Yeah, let's not forget Nintendo.
104
It's a win-win situation, you know, where we want Japan to do well and make great products.
105
And you know, they're buying Boeing jets, Microsoft software.
106
- Hypothetically. - Hopefully.
107
The idea that other countries doing well, it's not a zero sum thing, where, okay, if they do well, that means that it's bad for us.
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- Basically, we needed to get the Japanese back to a point where their brains could benefit the world again as quickly as possible.
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Otherwise, it's a waste of human capital and the world never knows "Super Mario Brothers".
110
Which raises an interesting point.
111
If you ask people, who is the most intelligent person to ever live?
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You get various answers like these.
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- Albert Einstein.
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- Einstein. - Einstein.
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- Albert Einstein.
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- Albert Einstein. - Einstein - Albert Einstein.
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- Mark Rober.
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- Did I tell you to say that?
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What? You! But the fact is, with 100 billion people to have ever lived on planet Earth, it's a statistical certainty that Albert Einstein wasn't the most intelligent human.
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It was some random person you've never heard of, probably born a long time ago who spent most of their daily energy just trying to survive.
121
And that's why these packets are a huge deal.
122
When you have nearly 1 billion people spending their time just trying to find clean water every day, that's a huge waste of untapped brain power.
123
Now these packets and other aid efforts like them allow parents to stay healthy and gives them time to provide for their families, which gives their kids the opportunity to get educated, which in turn creates more opportunities for the following generation.
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And so, eventually, over time, the entire world starts reaping the benefit from the contribution of this previously untapped human capital.
125
And in this way, some massive breakthrough in solar technology or maybe the cure to cancer or HIV might come from a poor country who is just a developing nation today, and I find that to be incredibly inspiring and a worthy goal.
126
- You know, I get to learn a lot, you know, I'm gonna be working on these diseases the rest of my life.
127
- Bill Gates, living legend, eater of pizza rolls.
128
- Yeah, not bad. - That was fantastic, thanks so much, Bill.
129
Now we drink.
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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה
שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה B2 מבוסס על הסרטון “Drinking Nasty Swamp Water”. בסרטון הזה יש 129 משפטים ו-2090 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 11:03. הדובר מדבר מהר, כ-189 מילים בדקה, אז צפו לצלילים מחוברים ומקוצרים. 83% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית; כדאי ללמוד את השאר לפני שמתחילים.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
15 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| packet שם עצם | /ˈpæk.ɪt/ | חֲבִילָה |
| buck שם עצם | /ˈbʌk/ | אַיָּל |
| bacterium שם עצם | /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/ | חַיְדַּק \ חידק |
| malaria שם עצם | /məˈlɛəɹi.ə/ | מָלַרְיָה |
| magnet שם עצם | /ˈmæɡ.nɪt/ | מַגְנֵט |
| centrifuge שם עצם | /ˈsɛntɹɪˌfjuːdʒ/ | צֶנְטְרִיפוּגָה, סַרְכֶּזֶת |
| diagnose פועל | /ˈdaɪ.əɡˌnoʊs/ | אבחן |
| microscope שם עצם | /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌskoʊp/ | מִיקְרוֹסְקוֹפִּ |
| laundry שם עצם | /ˈlɔːn.dɹi/ | כְּבִיסָה |
| wrap פועל | /ɹæp/ | כרך, עטף |
| chlorine שם עצם | /ˈklɔɹin/ | כְּלוֹר |
| drinkable שם תואר | /ˈdɹɪŋk.ə.bəl/ | שָׁתִי |
| hamburger שם עצם | /ˈhæmˌbɜɹ.ɡɚ/ | הַמְבּוּרְגֶּר |
| refreshment שם עצם | /ɹɪˈfɹɛʃ.mənt/ | כִּבּוּד |
| lever שם עצם | /ˈliː.və/ | מָנוֹף |
Phrasal verbs שתשמעו
| מילה | משמעות |
|---|---|
| figure out פועל | הֵבִין, מצא תשובה |
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | be plugged · was invented · are positively charged |
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | has separated · have used · they've cleaned |
| משפטי זיקה (Relative clauses) who / which + clause — מידע נוסף על אדם או דבר | flocculant, which is · water, which means · opportunity, which makes |
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
הדובר משתמש ב-47 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו gonna, I'm, they're. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.
- הצלילים של “th”: empathetic /ˌɛmpəˈθɛtɪk/, breakthrough /ˈbɹeɪk.θɹuː/, thumb /ˈθʌm/
- הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: selfish /ˈsɛlf.ɪʃ/, coagulation /koʊ.æɡjuˈleɪʃən/, disinfection /dɪsɪnˈfɛkʃən/, flocculation /ˌflɒkjʊˈlɛɪ̯ʃən/, refreshment /ɹɪˈfɹɛʃ.mənt/
- מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: malaria /məˈlɛəɹi.ə/, altruism /ˈæl.tɹu.ɪz.əm/, coagulation /koʊ.æɡjuˈleɪʃən/, contaminate /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/, disinfection /dɪsɪnˈfɛkʃən/
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: packet /ˈpæk.ɪt/, bacterium /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/, magnet /ˈmæɡ.nɪt/, wrap /ɹæp/, altruism /ˈæl.tɹu.ɪz.əm/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: bacterium /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/, malaria /məˈlɛəɹi.ə/, centrifuge /ˈsɛntɹɪˌfjuːdʒ/, microscope /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌskoʊp/, laundry /ˈlɔːn.dɹi/
- עיצור קולי בסוף מילה — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ בלי להפוך אותם לאטומים: centrifuge /ˈsɛntɹɪˌfjuːdʒ/, intrepid /ɪnˈtɹɛpɪd/, untold /ʌnˈtoʊld/, amend /əˈmɛnd/, cardboard /ˈkɑɹdˌbɔɹd/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- התחילו במהירות 0.75×, תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט, וחזרו למהירות רגילה כשזה מרגיש קל.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו packet, buck, bacterium.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.