Shadowing Practice: Automatic Bullseye, MOVING Dartboard - Learn English Speaking with Video

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46 משפטים
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1
- I suck at darts, but I'm good at engineering, which means, (board dragging) I'm actually really good at darts.
2
(upbeat music) (gleefully chuckling) Most of the projects and builds from my YouTube channel take a month or two to pull off.
3
But I've been working on this beast with my former NASA coworker, John, for over three freaking years, and here she finally is.
4
So it's fairly self-explanatory, but you throw a dart, and as long as your initial throw is somewhere within this diameter or so, the dartboard helps out a little bit.
5
(board dragging) (bell ringing) And what's cool is if you use this dart, it will make you the world's best dart player because you get a bullseye nearly every time, and even if you don't, it's really close.
6
But if you use this dart, it makes you the world's worst dart player, 'cause it calculates the initial trajectory and then moves the board in the exact opposite direction.
7
(board dragging) (pool balls clanking, background chatter) So eventually we took this thing to a bar to see if it would work in the wild.
8
But before we get to that, let's talk about how it actually works.
9
(group cheering) Fundamentally, there are two main parts to this system.
10
First, you need to somehow predict where a dart is going to land with a typical throw from regulation distance.
11
And you have about 200 milliseconds to do that.
12
And then second, you need to somehow move the board to that predicted location.
13
And you have about another 200 milliseconds to do that.
14
So let's start with the first part about how we predict where the dart's going to land.
15
So the real secret here is that our dart has these tiny retro reflectors on it and then we have a Vicon motion capture system.
16
As humans, we can see in 3D because we have two eyes and our brain calculates the difference between the two images and then tells us how far or close things are.
17
This is why if you close one eye, you instantly lose that depth perception.
18
So that's basically what we're doing here, except we have six eyes all around the room.
19
And each of these eyes or cameras can take a 4K resolution picture 260 times per second.
20
But since it's hard to visually separate something so small moving so fast in front of a busy background, they actually use IR so they blast out IR from all these IR LEDs and then it hits the retro reflectors and then bounces back to the lens.
21
So when I wave the dart around like this, this is what you and I see, but the motion capture system just sees a solitary dart floating around.
22
One of the reasons this board took us so long to build was that for the first two years, we were trying to make our own motion capture system.
23
So we had our own cameras and one of these awesome NVIDIA TX1 boards which is basically like a raspberry pie on Russian steroids.
24
But it turns out, it's a super complex problem to solve and the Vicon system was just turnkey.
25
So now that we have the XYZ position of the dart as it travels through the air, we use some MATLAB code to then predict where it will land.
26
And the trick here is that anything you throw into the air, neglecting air resistance, will travel in a perfect parabola.
27
Even something you wouldn't think of, like a high jumper, if you track their center of mass, it actually follows a perfect parabola shape.
28
So we used our understanding of parabolas and from a side view, we used that to predict the final up and down position of the board.
29
And then to predict the final left right position of the board, we know from a bottom view a dart will follow a linear path.
30
So we use good old Y equals MX plus B, and the Y intercept, or B in this case, tells you how far to move it left and right for the final position.
31
(upbeat music) (dart clicks, laughing) Nice throw.
32
So now that we know exactly where to move, let's talk about how we actually do it.
33
So the board itself is on two linear sliders, which allows it to translate to any specific location.
34
So that provides the track on where to move, but the engine would be these six separate motors you can see from the front.
35
Each motor has a spool and then some fishing line, and they all attach to the center of the back of the board right here.
36
Once we have the predicted bullseye spot, the computer does the trigonometry and then sends the commands over here to the motors.
37
So to move to the left, it would say like, "You need to spin up but you need to unspin at the same rate." Now on the back you can see the computer signal comes into this Arduino compatible board here, and then you got some pre-amps here that bump up the voltage signal to the six individual stepper motor controllers.
38
And these stepper motor drivers take the moving instructions and combine it with the power from the plug in the wall, after it goes through this ACDC power converter.
39
And then finally, a bunch of voltage pulses from the motor controller cause the motor to take small steps and either wind up or wind down.
40
Now keep in mind all of this happens in less than half a second, and allows us to hit our sub-millimeter precision in our board positioning.
41
Oh, and we don't just make one guess on the final position of the board.
42
We update and refine that guess anywhere from ten to a hundred times, which is why sometimes you sort of see the board jitter into the final position.
43
(board dragging) (upbeat music, pool balls clanking) So we took it to a bar to see what people thought.
44
(group cheering) (group yelling) (group cheering) In general, we found if you're really drunk, you get so pumped at your new abilities, if not slightly confused.
45
- I used to suck at darts.
46
(group laughing)

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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה

שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה B2 מבוסס על הסרטון “Automatic Bullseye, MOVING Dartboard”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: board, dart, motor, position, predict. בסרטון הזה יש 46 משפטים ו-1040 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 5:36. הדובר מדבר מהר, כ-186 מילים בדקה, אז צפו לצלילים מחוברים ומקוצרים. 83% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית; כדאי ללמוד את השאר לפני שמתחילים.

אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה

15 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:

מילההגייהמשמעות
parabola שם עצם/pəˈɹæb.ə.lə/פָּרָבּוֹלָה
cheer פועל/t͡ʃɪɹ/עוֹדֵד
bullseye שם עצם/ˈbʊlzaɪ/מרכז מטרה, בול
calculate פועל/ˈkælkjʊleɪt/חישב \ חִשֵּׁב
voltage שם עצם/ˈvəʊltɪd͡ʒ/מֶתַח, ווֹלטָג׳
chatter פועל/ˈt͡ʃætɚ/קשקש, טָרָרָם
trigonometry שם עצם/ˌtɹɪɡəˈnɒmətɹi/טְרִיגוֹנוֹמֶטְרִיָּה
chuckle פועל/ˈt͡ʃʌkəl/גִּחֵךְ
intercept פועל/ɪntɚˈsɛpt/יירט
trajectory שם עצם/tɹəˈd͡ʒɛktəɹi/מַסְלוּל
attach פועל/əˈtæt͡ʃ/חיבר
yell פועל/jɛl/צָרַח
translate פועל/tɹænzˈleɪt/תִּרְגֵּם
float פועל/fləʊt/צָף
compatible שם תואר/kəmˈpæt.ə.bəl/תואם, מתאים

הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה

הדובר משתמש ב-8 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו don't, I'm, I've. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.

  • הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: precision /pɹɪˈsɪʒ.ən/, instruction /ɪnˈstɹʌkʃən/, perception /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/
  • מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: parabola /pəˈɹæb.ə.lə/, millisecond /ˈmɪlɪˌsɛkənd/, explanatory /ɪkˈsplæn.ə.t(ɔː.)ɹi/, trigonometry /ˌtɹɪɡəˈnɒmətɹi/, trajectory /tɹəˈd͡ʒɛktəɹi/

צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:

  • /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: parabola /pəˈɹæb.ə.lə/, calculate /ˈkælkjʊleɪt/, chatter /ˈt͡ʃætɚ/, explanatory /ɪkˈsplæn.ə.t(ɔː.)ɹi/, attach /əˈtæt͡ʃ/
  • /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: dart /dɑɹt/, predict /pɹɪˈdɪkt/, parabola /pəˈɹæb.ə.lə/, cheer /t͡ʃɪɹ/, reflector /ɹɪˈflɛktə(ɹ)/
  • עיצור קולי בסוף מילה — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ בלי להפוך אותם לאטומים: millisecond /ˈmɪlɪˌsɛkənd/, voltage /ˈvəʊltɪd͡ʒ/, dartboard /ˈdɑɹtbɔːɹd/, steroid /ˈstɛɹɔɪd/, plug /plʌɡ/

איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה

  1. הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
  2. התחילו במהירות 0.75×, תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט, וחזרו למהירות רגילה כשזה מרגיש קל.
  3. הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו parabola, cheer, bullseye.

מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?

שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.

טכניקת Shadowing: קרא את המדריך המלא שלב אחר שלב →