Shadowing Practice: IELTS Listening Section-4(Four Business Values) with answers - Learn English Speaking with Video

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Section 4 You will hear part of a lecture for business students about business values.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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In public discussion of business,
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we take certain values for granted.
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Today I'm going to talk about four of them.
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collaboration, hard work, creativity and excellence.
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Most people would say they're all good things.
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I'm going to suggest that's an oversimple view.
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The trouble with these values is that they're theoretical concepts removed from the reality of day-to-day business.
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Pursue values by all means,
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but be prepared for what may happen as a result.
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they can actually cause damage which is not at all the intention.
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Business leaders generally try to do the right thing,
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but all too often the right thing backfires if those leaders adopt values without understanding and managing the side effects that arise.
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The values can easily get in the way of what's actually intended.
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Okay, so the first value I'm going to discuss is collaboration.
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Let me give you an example.
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On a management training course I once attended,
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we were put into groups and had to construct a bridge across a stream using building blocks that we were given.
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The rule was that everyone in the team had to move at least one building block during the construction.
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This was intended to encourage teamwork.
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But it was really a job best done by one person.
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The other teams tried to collaborate on building the structure and descended into confusion with everyone getting in each other's way.
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Our team leader solved the challenge brilliantly.
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She simply asked everyone in the team to move a piece a few centimetres to comply with the rule
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and then let the person in the team with an aptitude for puzzles like this build it alone.
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We finished before any other team.
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My point is that the task wasn't really suited to team working so why make it one?
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Teamwork can also lead to inconsistency,
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a common cause of poor sales.
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In the case of a smartphone that a certain company launched,
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one director wanted to target the business market and another demanded it was aimed at consumers.
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The company wanted both directors to be involved
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so gave the product a consumer-friendly name
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but marketed it to companies the result was
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that it met the needs of neither group it would have been better to let one director
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or the other have his way not both Now, industriousness or hard work.
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It's easy to mock people who say they work hard.
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After all, a hamster running around in a wheel is working hard and getting nowhere.
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Of course, hard work is valuable,
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but only when properly targeted.
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Otherwise, it wastes the resources that companies value most,
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time and energy, and that's bad for the organisation.
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There's a management model that groups people according to four criteria.
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Clever, hard-working, stupid and lazy.
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Here, lazy means having a rational determination not to carry out unnecessary tasks.
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It doesn't mean trying to avoid work altogether.
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Most people display two of these characteristics and the most valuable people are those who are both clever and lazy.
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They possess intellectual clarity and they don't rush into making decisions.
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They come up with solutions to save the time and energy spent by the stupid and hard-working group.
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Instead of throwing more man-hours at a problem,
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the clever and lazy group looks for a more effective solution.
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Next, we come to creativity.
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This often works well, creating an attention-grabbing TV commercial,
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for example, might lead to increased sales.
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But it isn't always a good thing.
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Some advertising campaigns are remembered for their creativity without having any effect on sales.
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This happened a few years ago with the launch of a chocolate bar.
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Subsequent research showed that plenty of consumers remembered the adverts,
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but had no idea what was being advertised.
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The trouble is that the creator derives pleasure from coming up with the idea,
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and wrongly assumes the audience for the campaign will share that feeling.
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A company that brings out thousands of new products may seem more creative than a company that only has a few,
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but it may be too creative and make smaller profits.
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Creativity needs to be targeted to solve a problem that the company has identified.
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Just coming up with more and more novel products isn't necessarily a good thing.
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And finally, excellence.
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We all know companies that claim they strive for excellence,
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But it takes a long time to achieve excellence.
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In business, being first with a product is more profitable than having the best product.
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A major study of company performance compared pioneers,
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that is, companies bringing out the first version of a particular product,
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with followers, the companies that copied and improved on that product.
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The study found that the pioneers commanded an average market share of 29%,
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while the followers achieved less than half that,
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only 13%, even though their product might have been better.
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Insisting on excellence in everything we do is time-consuming,
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wastes energy and leads to losing out on opportunities.
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Sometimes second-rate work is more worthwhile than excellence.
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Make sure it's excellent sounds like a good approach to business,
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but the just-get-started approach is likely to be more successful.
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That is the end of Section 4.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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Thank you.

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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה

שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה C1 מבוסס על הסרטון “IELTS Listening Section-4(Four Business Values) with answers”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: product, value, excellence, companies, creativity. בסרטון הזה יש 86 משפטים ו-914 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 8:07. הדובר שומר על קצב יציב של כ-113 מילים בדקה, קצב נוח לתרגול Shadowing. 85% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית; כדאי ללמוד את השאר לפני שמתחילים.

אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה

15 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:

מילההגייהמשמעות
creativity שם עצם/kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/יצירתיות
pioneer שם עצם/ˌpaɪ.əˈnɪɹ/חלוץ
aptitude שם עצם/ˈæptɪˌtud/כשרון, כושר
centimetre שם עצם/ˈsɛn.tɪ.miː.tə/סֶנְטִימֶטֶר
criterion שם עצם/kɹaɪˈtɪɹ.i.ən/קרִיטֶרִיוֹן
hamster שם עצם/ˈhæm(p)stɚ/אוֹגֵר
collaborate פועל/kəˈlæb.ə.ɹeɪt/שיתף פעולה
advertise פועל/ˈædvɚˌtaɪ̯z/פרסם
mock פועל/mɑk/סנט
consume פועל/kənˈsum/צרך
clarity שם עצם/ˈklæɹ.ɪ.ti/בהירות
puzzle שם עצם/ˈpʌzəl/חִידָה
characteristic שם עצם/ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/סממן
construct פועל/ˈkɑn.stɹʌkt/הרכיב
insist פועל/ɪnˈsɪst/הִקְפִּיד, הִתְעַקֵּשׁ

דקדוק בסרטון הזה

המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:

מבנהבסרטון
סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולהwere put · was intended · wasn't really suited
משפטי זיקה (Relative clauses) who / which + clause — מידע נוסף על אדם או דברdamage which is · people who say · those who are

הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה

הדובר משתמש ב-10 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו I'm, isn't, they're. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.

  • הצלילים של “th”: worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/, theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/, altogether /ɔl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/
  • מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/, centimetre /ˈsɛn.tɪ.miː.tə/, criterion /kɹaɪˈtɪɹ.i.ən/, inconsistency /ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənsi/, collaborate /kəˈlæb.ə.ɹeɪt/

צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:

  • /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: advert /ædvˈɝt/, aptitude /ˈæptɪˌtud/, backfire /bækˈfaɪə(ɹ)/, hamster /ˈhæm(p)stɚ/, collaborate /kəˈlæb.ə.ɹeɪt/
  • /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/, follower /ˈfɒləʊə(ɹ)/, pioneer /ˌpaɪ.əˈnɪɹ/, backfire /bækˈfaɪə(ɹ)/, criterion /kɹaɪˈtɪɹ.i.ən/
  • עיצור קולי בסוף מילה — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ בלי להפוך אותם לאטומים: intend /ɪnˈtɛnd/, aptitude /ˈæptɪˌtud/, descend /dəˈsɛnd/, derive /dɪˈɹaɪv/, advertise /ˈædvɚˌtaɪ̯z/

איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה

  1. הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
  2. תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט במהירות רגילה, וחזרו על כל משפט עד שהקצב שלכם תואם את הדובר.
  3. הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו creativity, pioneer, aptitude.

מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?

שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.

טכניקת Shadowing: קרא את המדריך המלא שלב אחר שלב →