Shadowing Practice: Noam Chomsky on Language Aquisition - Learn English Speaking with Video
בחר מצב תרגול
כל מצב פותח חדר תרגול במסך מלא.
17 משפטים
אם המשפטים קצרים או ארוכים מדי, לחץ על ערוך כדי להתאים אותם.
1
Language sets us apart.
2
Other animals communicate, but they don't have anything approaching the sophisticated grammar of human languages.
3
How is it that we learn to speak and think in language so easily?
4
Young children become adept in a new language very quickly.
5
Since the dawn of philosophy, thinkers have argued about whether or not we have innate ideas, whether we are born knowing things as Plato believed,
6
or rather, as John Locke and other empiricists argued, the mind is a blank slate on which experience writes.
7
An American linguist, Noam Chomsky, gave a twist to this debate in the 1960s by demonstrating
8
that children learning to speak just don't have enough information to form the complex grammatical manoeuvres
9
that allow them to generate unlimited new and original sentences.
10
Yet they do so with ease.
11
There's a poverty of stimulus.
12
Something else must be going on.
13
Chomsky's hypothesis was that there are inborn structures in our brain, what he called a language acquisition device,
14
or LAD, which gives us a natural propensity to organise the spoken language that we hear in various grammatical ways.
15
Without that, we couldn't get started as language learners.
16
If he's right, language structure is hardwired as a kind of universal grammar.
17
Our slates have been written on before we emerge from the womb.
הורד אפליקציה
כל מה שאתה צריך כדי לדבר בשטף
הגיית AIציון לכל משפט
תרגול IPAשלוט בכל צליל
אוצר מיליםבנה את מאגר המילים שלך
משחק אוצר מיליםלמד תוך כדי משחק
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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson
This video has 17 sentences and 218 words to shadow. The speech runs for 1:29. The speaker talks at a steady 147 words per minute, a comfortable pace for shadowing. Only 74% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English, so the vocabulary is demanding.
Key vocabulary in this video
15 words from the video worth learning, with pronunciation and meaning:
| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| argue verb | /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ | To show grounds for concluding (that); to indicate, imply. |
| grammar noun | /ˈɡɹæm.ə(ɹ)/ | A system of rules and principles for the structure of a language, or of languages in general. |
| universal adjective | /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/ | Of or pertaining to the universe. |
| poverty noun | /ˈpɑːvɚti/ | The quality or state of being poor; lack of money |
| ease verb | /iz/ | To free (something) from pain, worry, agitation, etc. |
| dawn noun | /dɔːn/ | The morning twilight period immediately before sunrise. |
| acquisition noun | /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/ | The act or process of acquiring. |
| generate verb | /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.ɹeɪt/ | To bring into being; give rise to. |
| twist verb | /twɪst/ | To turn the ends of something, usually thread, rope etc., in opposite directions, often using force. |
| communicate verb | /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/ | To impart or transmit (information or knowledge) to someone; to make known, to tell. |
| demonstrate verb | /ˈdɛm.ənˌstɹeɪt/ | To show how to use (something). |
| blank noun | /ˈblæŋk/ | The white spot in the centre of a target; hence (figuratively) the object to which anything is directed or aimed, the range of such aim. |
| unlimited adjective | /ʌnˈlɪm.ɪ.tɪd/ | Limitless or without bounds; unrestricted. |
| sophisticated adjective | Of a person: having obtained worldly experience, and lacking naiveté; cosmopolitan, worldly-wise. | |
| emerge verb | /ɪˈmɝd͡ʒ/ | To come into view. |
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | are born · is hardwired · have been written |
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | have argued · have been written |
Pronunciation to watch
The speaker uses 3 contractions and reduced forms, such as don't, couldn't. Say them the short way, as you hear them.
- The “th” sounds: hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/, thinker /ˈθɪŋ.kɚ/
- Long words — get the stress right: universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/, acquisition /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/, communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/, unlimited /ʌnˈlɪm.ɪ.tɪd/, hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/
How to practise with this video
- Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
- Shadow it sentence by sentence at normal speed, repeating each one until your rhythm matches the speaker.
- Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like argue, grammar, universal.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.