शैडोइंग अभ्यास: IP3T7S3 Working effectively in groups - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
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90 वाक्य
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1
So, Brad, what did you think of the article on group work?
2
Oh, hi, Helen.
3
Yeah, it was pretty good, with helpful pieces of advice on how to make group work effective.
4
I think we were lucky to be given such a straightforward text to present at the Management Skills Seminar.
5
Yeah.
6
Actually, shall we discuss it now?
7
Have you got time?
8
Sure.
9
It's only a ten -minute presentation, so we just need to explain and then give our views on the main points raised in the article.
10
I'll jot down some notes.
11
Right.
12
So, there are three main sections.
13
I suggest we start with listening.
14
Yeah, effective listening in groups, because it's not something that's frequently covered on courses in our field.
15
No, and we should say that in the presentation.
16
Yeah.
17
And also, effective listening's pretty simple, you know.
18
I don't think it's hard to learn.
19
Well, people think it's easy, but in my experience, most of us tend to be very lazy listeners.
20
OK, I wouldn't argue with that.
21
Something I do think we should emphasise is the power of the listener's posture, gestures, etc, in making speakers feel respected.
22
Not that you're just waiting for them to finish before jumping in with your own ideas.
23
Uh -huh.
24
OK, right.
25
The next section is on goal setting.
26
Let's make sure we're clear what the article says on this.
27
Yeah.
28
Well, firstly, it says that all group members must be given time to explain their own goals.
29
That's it, yeah.
30
And then did it say that the whole group should agree on common goals?
31
That's a bit too strong.
32
It's more that everyone's agendas should be equally acceptable.
33
But it does say that goals have to be realistic, you know… Achievable within a particular time?
34
You've got it.
35
That's really what the article's saying.
36
There isn't really any point in having ideals if group members know they won't come to anything within a reasonable period.
37
So, I think a summary covering those points will be enough for that part of the presentation, don't you?
38
Yep.
39
Now, the last section is about conflict resolution.
40
Actually, I thought it was the worst part of the article.
41
Me too.
42
I don't think it went into sufficient detail on the issue.
43
Actually, I thought it devoted too much space to it, but that it was all rather boring, you know?
44
It didn't mention some of the more radical theories.
45
Absolutely.
46
I found that really irritating.
47
Right.
48
And also, I think it could have said more about conflict sometimes being healthy in groups.
49
Absolutely.
50
It just mentioned rather glibly about how we should avoid thinking of winners and losers, and that quick resolution of conflict is always desirable.
51
Without explaining what these terms mean?
52
Well, it gives quite detailed definitions, but doesn't develop a proper argument.
53
Right.
54
So, for the presentation, I think we just give some definitions and...
55
And then explain what we felt were the weaknesses in the article's treatment of conflict resolution.
56
Yeah, good.
57
So, let's think about what we have to prepare for the actual presentation.
58
Well, I suppose we'll use PowerPoint, but I'm hopeless at using it, especially if it has any visuals.
59
I really have to look into doing a course on it because I know I'll need it in the future.
60
Don't worry.
61
I'm quite happy using PowerPoint and I'll put it together when everything else is ready.
62
That's a relief.
63
But yes, do that later.
64
OK.
65
Now, I heard the tutor saying we have to include some well -chosen quotations from the article.
66
I'm not sure if we do.
67
I'll email him to find out.
68
No need.
69
I can just have a look at the specs he gave us when he set the task.
70
That'll be quicker.
71
But the tutor definitely said we have to prepare a handout to go with the talk.
72
I'm not really sure how we do that.
73
Sarah did one last year.
74
Who's she?
75
She's doing the same option as me on marketing.
76
I'll ask her advice on what to include.
77
Great.
78
So that just leaves the bibliography at the end.
79
I suppose it'll mainly be articles.
80
Yeah.
81
So we'll just look on the web and we can leave that till later.
82
But we've been advised against that.
83
Well, we could have a look through some journals in the library.
84
I think we should start by looking through module handbooks.
85
I think that'll give us some good leads.
86
Yeah, you're probably right.
87
So, that's all the topics...
88
That is the end of Section 3.
89
You now have half a minute to check your answers.
90
Now turn to section 4.
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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव
यह स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “IP3T7S3 Working effectively in groups” पर आधारित है। सबसे ज़्यादा दोहराए गए शब्द ये हैं: Brad, Helen, article, presentation, conflict। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 63 वाक्य और 797 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 4:39 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 171 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्वाभाविक गति से बोलता है, जो रोज़मर्रा की बातचीत के करीब है। 83% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।
इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली
वीडियो के 15 सीखने लायक शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:
| शब्द | उच्चारण | अर्थ |
|---|---|---|
| tutor संज्ञा | /ˈtjuːtəː/ | शिक्षक, शिक्षिका |
| ideal विशेषण | /aɪˈdi(ə)l/ | आदर्श, श्रेष्ठ |
| helpful विशेषण | /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/ | मददगार |
| skill संज्ञा | /skɪl/ | कुशलता, कौशल |
| summary संज्ञा | /ˈsʌm.ə.ɹi/ | सारांश, ख़ुलासा |
| sufficient | /səˈfɪʃənt/ | पर्याप्त |
| agenda संज्ञा | /əˈd͡ʒɛn.də/ | कार्यसूची |
| acceptable विशेषण | /əkˈsɛp.tə.bəl/ | स्वीकार्य |
| lazy विशेषण | /ˈleɪ̯zi(ː)/ | आलसी, सुस्त |
| leaf संज्ञा | /lif/ | पत्ता, पत्ती |
| weakness संज्ञा | /ˈwik.nɪs/ | निर्बलता, दुर्बलता |
| realistic विशेषण | /ˌɹɪəˈlɪs.tɪk/ | वास्तविक |
| advise क्रिया | /ədˈvaɪz/ | सलाह देना |
| loser संज्ञा | /luzɚ/ | हारनेवाला |
| gesture संज्ञा | /ˈd͡ʒɛs.t͡ʃɚ/ | इशारा, संकेत |
दोहराने लायक वाक्य
वीडियो के छोटे, पूरे वाक्य जिन्हें आप रोज़ की बातचीत में इस्तेमाल कर सकते हैं:
- I’ll jot down some notes ...
- I’ll email him to find out.
- I’m not really sure how we do that.
- I’ll ask her advice on what to include.
- I suppose it’ll mainly be articles.
ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण
वक्ता 29 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे I'll, don't, I'm। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।
- “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: presentation /ˌpɹɛzn̩ˈteɪʃn̩/, sufficient /səˈfɪʃənt/, quotation /kwoʊˈteɪʃn̩/
- लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: acceptable /əkˈsɛp.tə.bəl/, desirable /dɪˈzaɪəɹəbəl/, bibliography /bɪbliˈɒɡɹəfi/, achievable /əˈt͡ʃivəbəl/
हिंदी भाषियों के लिए मुश्किल ध्वनियाँ:
- /v/ और /w/ का फ़र्क़ — /v/ में ऊपर के दाँत निचले होंठ को छूते हैं, /w/ में होंठ गोल होते हैं: equally /ˈiːkwəli/, weakness /ˈwik.nɪs/, advise /ədˈvaɪz/, straightforward /ˌstɹeɪtˈfɔː(ɹ)wə(ɹ)d/, devote /dɪˈvəʊt/
- /z/ — इसे “ज” (/dʒ/) न बनाएँ: presentation /ˌpɹɛzn̩ˈteɪʃn̩/, lazy /ˈleɪ̯zi(ː)/, advise /ədˈvaɪz/, loser /luzɚ/, desirable /dɪˈzaɪəɹəbəl/
- शब्द की शुरुआत में s + व्यंजन — पहले “इ” न जोड़ें: skill /skɪl/, straightforward /ˌstɹeɪtˈfɔː(ɹ)wə(ɹ)d/, spectacles /ˈspɛktəkl̩z/
इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें
- पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
- 0.75× गति से शुरू करें, एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें, और सहज लगने पर सामान्य गति पर लौटें।
- अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर tutor, ideal, helpful जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।