Pratica di Shadowing: Lecture 12: Retina, Part 2: Retinal vascular occlusions - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
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I'm going to show you what I'm going to do with you in the second part of our program.
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It's one of the most important things that we have in the basic knowledge course.
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I'm going to show you what I'm going to do with you.
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If you're listening to the first one, you'll be listening to it.
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The first one is really important.
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It's the introduction.
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We're going to show you what we're going to talk about.
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We're going to show you what we're going to talk about.
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We're going to show you what we're going to talk about.
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We're going to show you what we're going to talk about.
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The first thing is that the main artery is that the main artery is occluded.
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What can it be in the artery?
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What can it be in the artery?
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What can it be in the artery?
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This is the most common cause.
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The artery is a lot of different from it.
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which can become thrombus in the vein, and can become something in the Aorta,
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Aortic Coarchitation, Aortic Thrombus, or aortic disease,
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diseases in the internal jugular and the things that they can get
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and go to the central retinal artery
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and get slowed in a lot of times there is a thing called There is something called Fyprenolytic Enzymes,
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which is called Fyprenolytic Enzymes, which is called Fyprenolytic Enzymes, which is called Fyprenolytic Enzymes, which is called Fyprenolytic Enzymes, which is called Fyprenolytic Enzymes,
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which is called Fyprenolytic Enzymes, which is called Fyprenolytic Enzymes, which is called Fyprenolytic Enzymes, which is called Fyprenolytic Enzymes, which is called Fyprenolytic Enzymes,
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which is called Fyprenolytic Enzymes, which is called Fyprenolytic Enzymes, which is called Fyprenolytic Enzymes, which is called Fyprenolytic Enzymes,
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which is called Fyprenolytic Enzymes, which is called Fyprenolytic Enzymes, which pressure, for example, the Orbitacillulitis,
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or Retrobulbar hemorrhage, if it's too low, it can also be basculitis.
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This is the common etiologist, but it's of course, the Impulite.
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So, what do you think?
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What do you think?
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This is the center of the artery, which is the center of the artery, which is suddenly occluded with the eye.
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What do you think?
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What do you think?
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As you can see, sudden loss of vision.
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Suddenly.
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When we talk about sudden loss of vision, we have to know the reasons.
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The reason for sudden loss of vision is 4 things.
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Central retinal arthroclusion.
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Amorosis phygex.
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What is this amorosis phygex?
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This is acute or recurrent ischemic attacks of loss of vision.
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It is important, but the important thing is to resolve,
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so you can do attacks of loss of vision and then you can do it with central artery occlusion.
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Amorosis phygox is something, central artery occlusion is something else.
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The third thing is trauma with lesion of optic nerve or transaction of optic nerve.
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This is the 4th thing, which is the 4th thing, which is the 4th thing,
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which is the 4th thing, which is the 4th thing, which is the 4th thing, which is the 4th thing, which is the 4th thing,
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which is the 4th thing, which is the 4th thing, which is the 4th thing, which is the 4th thing, which is the 4th thing,
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which is the 4th thing, which is the 4th thing, which is the 4th thing, which is the 4th thing, which is the 4th thing.
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If you have any questions, you can answer your question, and you can answer your question, and you can answer your question,
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and you can answer your question, and you can answer your question, and you can answer your question, and you can answer your question,
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and you can answer your question, and you can answer your question, and you can answer your question, and you can answer your question,
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and you can answer your question, and you can answer your question, and you can answer your question, and you can answer your question,
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and you can answer your question, and you can answer your question, and you can answer your question, and you can answer your question,
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and you can answer your question, and you can answer your question, and you can answer your question, and you can answer your question,
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and you can answer your question, and you can answer your question, and you can answer your question, and you can answer your question,
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and you can answer your question, and you can answer your question, and you can answer your question, and you can answer your question,
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and Central Island Division Of course, we all have to say that
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The temporal island division
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Is it who is?
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It's the one who has it
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And I can't say it Tubular vision
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No, it's not constructional vision
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Because this island
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It's not a form of tube
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It's not a central vision
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It's a temporal vision
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It's a temporal vision
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It's a temporal area
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This is for example.
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For example signs, the first thing is related referring to pillar defect which is R .A .B .D.
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Related to pillar defect related to pillar defect which is So the afferent doesn't work well,
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the afferent doesn't work well, but the afferent doesn't work well.
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This means that the brain will react consensually, but not directly.
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How is it?
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The afferent will happen with any type of afferent.
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Like the optic neuropathy or the optic atrophy.
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Like the retinal detachment and central retinal arthroclusion.
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That's why you are able to get the impulse to the brain from the brain
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When you put light on the eye that is affected, you can find it
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What is it?
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It's not a construction or a construction
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It's a construction
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When you put light on the eye
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It's a construction
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It's a construction
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It's a construction
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When you put light on the eye that is affected
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When you put light on the eye
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It's a dilate because from the contentual constriction which is strong
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to the direct constriction which is weak so you can see
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that it is not dilate this is the relative effect of the effect of the effect of the market
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and the way that I detect the market is called swinging flash light reflex
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when you put light on your eyes
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and then you put it on your eyes again
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and then you put it on your eyes again and then you put it on your eyes again
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So what do we call?
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Relative Aferent Propeller Defecta Or we call it Marcos Gun Bupilum This is a sign that is very important
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For example, this is the malingering
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From the actual Lesion or brain occlusion
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The sign that we call Retinal Whitening and Placification You can see the retina
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You can see it
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It's not bad, it's not bad and this is why this is
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because of the redema which will happen in the center of the urtocleus the redema ischemia
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and swelling and edema so the edema and swelling of the fetishus is a little bit on the .
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Fobia is not supplied by the retina,
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because it's not supplied by the retina, because it's not supplied by the retina, because it's not supplied by the retina,
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because it's not supplied by the retina, because it's not supplied by the retina, because it's not supplied by the retina,
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because it's not supplied by the retina, because it's and it becomes affected by the rhythm and whitening and low -passification.
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But the phobia is not working.
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Why?
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Because the connection of the phobia, the nerve fibers and the ganglion cells are in the macula, which is affected.
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The nerve fiber layer which is working and is affected.
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So that's why it is not working.
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But the pan clinical in the rhythm is that it is
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so we can put
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it in the middle of the heart of the heart of
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the heart of the heart of the heart of the heart
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of the heart of the heart of the heart of the
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heart of the heart of the heart of the heart of
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the heart of the heart of the heart of the heart
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of the heart of the heart of the heart of the
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heart of the heart of the heart of the heart of
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the heart of the heart of the heart of the heart
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of the heart of the heart of the heart of the
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heart of the heart of the heart of the heart of
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the heart of the heart of the heart of the heart
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of the heart of the heart of the heart of the
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heart of the heart of the heart of the heart of
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the heart of the heart of the heart of the heart
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of the heart of the heart of the heart of the
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heart of the heart of the heart of the heart of
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the heart of the heart of the heart of the heart
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of the heart of the heart of the heart of the
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heart of the heart of the heart of the heart of
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the heart of the heart of the heart of the consecutive optic atrophy.
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what is it?
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central retinal artery occlusion like we said, there is a cellurethinal artery there is a cellurethinal artery
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and there is a cellurethinal artery and there is a cellurethinal artery
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and there is a cellurethinal artery
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and there is a cellurethinal artery central retinal artery occlusion is retained by cellurethinal artery even
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when you are using a cellurethinal artery your written and arty.
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and she worked well.
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management is what? what is the first thing is management is
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that it is that it is that the time is that the treatment must be initiated within the first 60 minutes.
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I would say that it is to 90 minutes.
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If you think about that, it is reversible changes, so the nerve will not be back again.
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or the retina will not be back again.
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to be treated, so that the prognosis is always not good.
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Why?
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Because it's hard to get to the management or to the doctor through this hour.
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If it's hard to get to the doctor through this hour.
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If it's hard to get diagnosed and treated through this hour.
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What is the treatment?
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The first thing is to do a sudden decrease in the IOP
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It's a high level of the IOP Some people can do paracenthesis
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We can do paracenthesis
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We can do paracenthesis Paracenthesis is sudden drop of IOP Or, for example, with carbon canadese inhibitors
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We can give them a little bit
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The second thing is carbon dioxide or amyl nitrate inhalation
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when you say to press in a bag it's in a bag it's in a bag it's in a bag or
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retropalber acetylcholine what are the things that you can do?
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what are the goals that you can do?
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what are the goals of carbon dioxide? what are the goals of retropalber acetylcholine?
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All of these things are called vasodilatation of retinal viscals, or disloach the M plus in peripheral arterioles.
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One is asking the question, do not use vasodilators, intravenous vasodilators.
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No, the systemic vasodilators are called central vasodilatation peripheral vasoconstriction.
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Central vasodilatation is in the heart, brain and organs.
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In this case, if you want to use the vasodilators,
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you need to use the vasodilators for the vasodilators
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and you need to use the vasodilators for the vasodilators
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and you need to use the vasodilators for the vasodilators
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and you need to use the vasodilators for the vasodilators for the vasodilators
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and you need to use the vasodilators for the vasodilators for the vasodilators and they are not commonly used to use
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In addition to the medical workup, the brain must be used to be used to be used
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to be used to be used to be used to be
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used to be used to be used to be used to
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be used to be used to be used to be used
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to be used to be used to be used to be
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used to be used to be used to be used to
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be used to be used to be used to be used
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to be used to be used to be used to be
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used to be used to be used to be used to
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be used to be used to be used to be used
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to be used to be used to be used to be
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used to be used to be used to be used to
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be used to be used to be used to be used
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to be used to be used to be used to be
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used to be used to be used to be used to
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be used to be used to be used to be used
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to be used to be used to be used to be
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used to be used to be used to be used to
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be used to be used to be used to be used to be used to be used
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so they don't have any problems in the same way, either in the same way or in the same way.
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The other thing is the branch written artery occlusion is the same thing, but localized to the affected branch.
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For example, this branch inferior temporal branch is the occluded, and it shows the thrombus inside the artery.
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Here it is, so the branch is supplied by the artery is, what happens? what do you think?
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what do you think? what do you think?
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what do you think?
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what do you think?
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what do you think?
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what do you think?
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what do you think?
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what do you think?
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what do you think?
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what do you think?
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what do you think?
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what do you think?
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what do you think?
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what do you think?
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what do you think?
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what do you think? what do you think? what do you think?
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what do you think? what do you think? what do you think? effected in the field.
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Okay, I'm with it.
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And with it, we're with it, and with it, we're with it.
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And with it, we're with it.
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Like this in the video.
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Okay.
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This is what I'm going to do.
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What is it?
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I'm not going to be able to do something.
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I'm going to do it.
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I'm going to do it.
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So in this situation, I'm going to do it.
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Just medical workup.
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Cardiovascular workup, and in the next few weeks, we will be able to find it.
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Celiuretinal Arthritis Celiuretinal Arthritis Celiuretinal Arthritis Celiuretinal Arthritis Celiuretinal Arthritis Celiuretinal Arthritis
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Celiuretinal Arthritis Celiuretinal Arthritis Celiuretinal Arthritis Celiuretinal Arthritis Celiuretinal Arthritis Celiuretinal Arthritis Celiuretinal Arthritis Celiuretinal Arthritis Celiuretinal Arthritis Celiuretinal Arthritis Celiuretinal Arthritis
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Celiuretinal Arthritis Celiuretinal Arthritis Celiuretinal Arthritis Loss of Temporal Island of Vision Supplied by Silly Rhetinal Artery
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Loss of Temporal Island of Vision Supplied by Silly Rhetinal Artery Loss of Vision Supplied by Silly Rhetinal Artery
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and also medical work -up for diagnosis and treatment of the cause okay?
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okay, then central retinal vein occlusion
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we ended up with the arthritis and we had a little bit about central retinal vein occlusion central retinal vein occlusion
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ischemic central retinal vein occlusion and non -schemic
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ischemic ischemic ischemic ischemic ischemic ischemic ischemic ischemic ischemic ischemic ischemic ischemic ischemic ischemic ischemic type in oil ischemic the most common
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It's about 80 % of the and it's about 80 % of the
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and it's about 80 % of the and it's about 80 % of the
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and it's about 80 % of the and it's about 80 % of the
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and it's about 80 % of the and it's about 80 % of the
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and it's about 80 % of the and it's about 80 % of the
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and it's about 80 % of the
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and it's about 80 % of the
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and it's about 80 % of the What is science actually?
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Non -ischemic type.
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You'll find in it dilated tortuous veins, and the retinal hemorrhages, and the retinal hemorrhages,
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and the retinal hemorrhages, and the retinal edema and disc edema.
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Aschemic type, you will find extensive retinal hemorrhage, markedly dilated tortuous engorged blood vessels,
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you will find soft exits,
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cotton wall spots, which is inforction for retina,
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which is ischemia, areas of drop out, fluorescein drop out, fluorescein angiography, which is ischemia for retina.
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It can also be associated with complications, like we said, so it can be macular edema,
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or focal or diffuse, or spongiform or cystic, or cystic, or cystoid macular edema.
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Also, with the ischemia, the ischemic retina will show vascular formative substances, such as vascular insular gross factor, which is called new vessels,
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, , , so they call it 100 day glucoma,
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usually after the onset of ischemia and ischemic brain occlusion by 3 -4 hours, so they call it 100 day glucoma.
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This is a very important question, what is 100 day glucoma?
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This is what is 100 day glucoma?
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This is about the glucoma that happens after ischemic center or ischemic brain occlusion to anivascular glucoma, which happens after 3 -4 hours.
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Okay?
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There is a difference between the ischemic and non -ischemic center related to the venoclusion.
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What is the venoclusion?
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Medical work up for diagnosis and treatment of the course. And just.
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It can also be associated with the associated signs.
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For example, if there is a macular edema, then I can provide it.
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What is the macular edema?
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What is the macular edema?
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It is either laser or intravetrial injections.
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Okay, if there is a new vasculation, I can also provide it.
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عليها زي.
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يا اما اللي هو.
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طب البرانش نفس الكلام بس فهتلاقي مسلا
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هنا هتلاقي حوالينه وهتلاقي اه في هتلاقي اه في You can also use macular edema
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or macular branch, you can also use macular edema.
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The other thing, you can use new vessels in this place
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or new vessels on the desk or new vessels elsewhere or new vessels on the iris, and you can also use .
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But of course, less common than central retinal vein.
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What is also related to medical workup and treatment symptoms?
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injection.
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لو العيان عنده اعمل لها برضو.
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خلاص.
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اه في حاجة برضو مفتلح برضو ممكن تسمع عنه اللي هو
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الهيمي ريتنا ده لما يبقى الاثنين فينز الانفيريور او الاثنين فينز
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السوفيريور هما الاثنين فينز السوفيريور بس يبقى سوفيريور هيمي ريتنا فين اوكليوجن الاثنين فينز برانشات سوفيريور بيبقى افكتد يبقى inferior hemifinal occlusion.
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وده لان اوقات كتير بيبقى فينز السبيريور بيقابلوا بعض الاول قبل
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ما يوصلوا بالcentral retinal vein والانفيريور بيقابلوا بعض الاول في اه اه برانش كده او تربيتري هي اللي بتوصل بالcentral retinal vein.
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خلاص?
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برضو هتبقى اه نفس بس في الاريا affected by occluded muscle.
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بكده يبقى خلصنا الكلام عن the vascular occlusions, the part that we will talk about is the retinobuses, let's see you with me.
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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questa lezione di conversazione si basa sul video “Lecture 12: Retina, Part 2: Retinal vascular occlusions”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: answer, artery, ischemic, arthritis, Celiuretinal. Questo video contiene 278 frasi e 2989 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 19:42. Chi parla ha un ritmo naturale di circa 152 parole al minuto, vicino a una conversazione quotidiana. Solo il 81% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese, quindi il lessico è impegnativo. 54 delle sue 278 frasi sono domande: un buon esercizio per l’intonazione interrogativa e le risposte brevi.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
15 parole del video che vale la pena imparare, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| artery sostantivo | /ˈɑɹ.təɹ.i/ | arteria |
| arthritis sostantivo | /ɑːˈθɹ(a)ɪtɪs/ | artrite |
| vein sostantivo | /veɪn/ | vena |
| temporal aggettivo | /ˈtɛm.pə.ɹəl/ | temporale |
| vessel sostantivo | /ˈvɛsəl/ | vascello, imbarcazione |
| sudden aggettivo | /ˈsʌd.ən/ | improvviso |
| nerve sostantivo | /nɝv/ | nervo |
| defect sostantivo | /ˈdiːfɛkt/ | difetto |
| pillar sostantivo | /ˈpɪlɚ/ | pilastro |
| vascular aggettivo | /ˈvæskjələ/ | vascolare |
| relative sostantivo | /ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv/ | parente, congiunto |
| diagnosis sostantivo | /daɪəɡˈnəʊsɪs/ | diagnosi |
| rhythm sostantivo | /ˈɹɪð.əm/ | ritmo |
| injection sostantivo | /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/ | iniezione |
| dioxide sostantivo | /daɪˈɑksaɪd/ | diossido, biossido |
Frasi da ripetere
Frasi brevi e complete del video che puoi riutilizzare nella conversazione di tutti i giorni:
- What do you think?
- This is what I'm going to do.
- I'm not going to be able to do something.
- I'm going to do it.
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| “Used to” used to + verbo — un’abitudine o uno stato passato che non è più vero | used to be |
| Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa | is occluded · is called · is affected |
| Frasi relative who / which + frase — un’informazione in più su una persona o una cosa | Enzymes, which is · artery, which is · thing, which is |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
Chi parla usa 29 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come we're, I'm, doesn't. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.
- I suoni “th”: arthritis /ɑːˈθɹ(a)ɪtɪs/, rhythm /ˈɹɪð.əm/, thrombus /ˈθrɑmbəs/, neuropathy /ˌnjuːˈrɒ.pə.θiː/
- I suoni “sh” e “zh”: associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, injection /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/, flash /flæʃ/, transaction /tɹænˈzækʃən/, initiate /ɪˈnɪʃ.i.eɪt/
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: arthritis /ɑːˈθɹ(a)ɪtɪs/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, inferior /ɪnˈfɪɹ.i.ɚ/, peripheral /pəˈɹɪf(ə)ɹ(ə)l/, consecutive /kənˈsɛkjʊtɪv/
I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:
- /h/ — va soffiata, non è muta: hemorrhage /ˈhɛm(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/, whiten /ˈ(h)waɪ̯.tən/, inhalation /ˌɪnhəˈleɪʃən/, inhibitor /ɪnˈhɪbɪtɚ/
- Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: arthritis /ɑːˈθɹ(a)ɪtɪs/, nerve /nɝv/, optic /ˈɑp.tɪk/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, defect /ˈdiːfɛkt/
- /æ/ — più aperta della “e”: vascular /ˈvæskjələ/, flash /flæʃ/, transaction /tɹænˈzækʃən/, react /ɹiːˈækt/, cardiovascular /ˌkɑːdi.əʊˈvæskjʊlə(ɹ)/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Inizia a velocità 0,75×, fai shadowing frase per frase e torna alla velocità normale quando diventa facile.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come artery, arthritis, vein.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.