シャドーイング練習: 9 Stoic Rules For A Better Life (From Marcus Aurelius) - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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You could leave life right now, as Marcus Aurelius says, let that determine what you do and say and think.
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Life is short.
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Do everything as if it was the thought or action of a dying person, Marcus says.
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I think Marcus Aurelius is maybe the most fascinating person who ever lived.
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You know, we have this idea that absolute power corrupts absolutely, but Marcus is the exception to this rule.
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He's not born to a royal family.
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He's chosen as a young man, actually, at the same age as Nero and groomed for power.
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And what is the first thing he does with the power?
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He shares it with his brother.
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So I've been on this journey studying Marcus Aurelius since I first read Meditations, and it changed my life.
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And it's changed the life of millions of people in the 2 ,000 years since he lived.
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I'm Ryan Holiday.
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I've written now 12 books.
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I've been writing about Marcus Aurelius for more than a decade.
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I've been lucky enough to talk about Marcus Aurelius to the NBA and the NFL, special forces, to sitting senators, to CEOs, and everyone in between.
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And in today's episode, I wanted to give you some of my favorite lessons from the one and only Marcus Aurelius, the philosopher king.
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If you want to learn about the great principles and ideas that this man lived by, I think this video is for you.
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My favorite story about Marcus Aurelius comes at the depths of the Antonine Plague, which is a horrible pandemic that kills millions of people.
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Rome's economy has been devastated people are dying in the streets
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and everyone feels like it can't possibly get better
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and what does Marcus Aurelius do he walks through the imperial palace
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and begins to mark things for sale for two months
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he sells on the lawn of the great emperor's palace the jewels and robes
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and couches the finery owned by the emperor he's sending a message
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he says I'm not going to put myself first I don't need these fancy things not
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when people are struggling he says I'm going to do the little things
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that make a difference to me
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this is like the ceo who takes a pay cut in a bad economy
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this is the athlete who renegotiates their contract
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so the team can bring on new people this is the leader who sacrifices
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and struggles who puts the people first not their own comfort
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and needs that's what greatness is like and that's why i love this story from mark surelius
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you're not stuck i know you think you are
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but what the stoics wanted you to know is that yes one path might be closed, but another remains open, right?
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The impediment to action advances action.
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What stands in the way becomes the way.
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Marcus Rebillus isn't saying that nothing can ever stop you.
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He's saying that when you're stopped in one capacity, there remains other capacities open to you.
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You always have the opportunity to practice virtue, practice excellence, to change in some form or another based on what's happened.
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We don't control what happened.
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We control how we respond.
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That's what stoic philosophy is about.
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So yes, one path can be closed the door can be shut
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but the window remains open you know someone gets in your way someone blocks you someone prevents you sure that happens
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but they can't stop you from being patient they can't stop
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you from practicing forgiveness they can't stop
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you from going in a different direction from changing your mind trying something new growing
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because of this learning
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because of it the stoics say no one prevents us from accommodating adapting changing integrating the experiences the obstacles
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that are in our path
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and turning them into new paths that's what the obstacle is the way is it's impossible to get stuck
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because we always retain our ability to choose and change
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we know what it is we need to do right
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we have the information the problem is doing it marcus aurelius says
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you could be good today instead you choose tomorrow we put
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it off we say i'm going to get started on the diet
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i'm going to get started on the novel i'm going to get started cleaning the house.
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I'm not going to do it today.
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I'm going to do it tomorrow.
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If it was about information, no one would be overweight.
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No one would be unhealthy.
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Everyone would have six -pack abs.
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Every project would get completed.
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We know how to do it.
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The problem is that we don't do it.
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We don't take the steps.
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That's why the Stoics had the discipline of action.
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At the end of the day, it's all about the action.
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It's not what you say.
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It's not what you think.
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It's what you do.
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What action are you going to take?
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What step are you going to take?
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And really, that's how you finish stuff, step by step.
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Just take the first step, Marcus Aurelius says.
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No one can stop you from that.
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It takes an immense amount of self -awareness to go, like, I'm feeling discomforted because of X, or I'm feeling anxious because of X.
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You know, I think that was something for me that I found during the pandemic where suddenly I wasn't doing anything.
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So I wasn't having to get to this plane.
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I wasn't stuck in traffic here.
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I wasn't having to prepare for this or that.
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And so you'd think that my anxiety would go way down, that suddenly you'd have a lot less to worry about.
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And then, actually, that's not true.
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And then you realize, oh, the anxiety has nothing to do with any of the things.
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It's actually, Mark Shrews talks about this in meditations.
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He says, I escaped anxiety.
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And then he goes, no, actually, I discarded it.
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And he writes this during a plague, no less.
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But he goes, I discarded it because it was within me.
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That was a breakthrough I sort of had.
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It was like, oh, I thought I was stressed and anxious
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and worried because of all of these very reasonable things that cause those things in your life, work, family stuff.
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And then when all that gets pared down, you realize it's like, oh no, it was me.
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Marcus Aurelius has a better morning routine than you, I promise.
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So he gets up early.
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Even though he doesn't want to get up early, even though he doesn't have to get up early, he makes himself get up early.
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He says, what were you made to sit here under the covers
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and keep warm? were you meant to go do the work of a human being?
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So he gets up early and he goes and he does his work.
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And what is the first thing he do?
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I think that he sits down with his journal.
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Meditation survives to us because it's the private thoughts of the most powerful man in the world.
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He wrote down these thoughts because they made him better.
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And then what did he do?
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He got to work on his most important task of the day.
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He says, concentrate like a Roman.
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He says, do this as if it's the last thing you're doing in your life.
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That's what Marcus Aurelius did.
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His morning routine set him up for success he didn't approach the day at random he knew
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that well begun is half done and
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so should you start your day with a morning routine
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that lets you own the day from the beginning
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it's called self -discipline nobody else signed up for it you signed up for it
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so you're you're learning and your study
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and your self -improvement you have to be sure that you're applying this only to yourself.
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Marcus Aurelius says, tolerant with others, strict with yourself.
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The purpose of all this is to make you a better master of yourself.
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It's not to make you condescending or patronizing or controlling of other people.
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It's called self -discipline for a reason.
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It's your discipline over yourself.
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You'll leave everyone else and their mistakes and their way of doing things to them.
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Mark Sebelius didn't like people.
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I mean, you can't read meditations and not see this.
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He opens meditations with a meditation on how frustrating and obnoxious other people are.
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And even this idea, this idea of the obstacle is the way, that quote is him talking about other people,
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about how people get in our way, how people present obstacles
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but he says that in that obstacle there's an opportunity to actually practice this philosophy
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that you say you believe to be good in spite of
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other people to be just in the face of injustice to be temperate in the face of intemperance
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that's being rewarded to be courageous when everyone else is being cowardly
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and being rewarded for it
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so for for the stoics people are frustrating people are an obstacle
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but like all obstacles they're also the way that's a challenge
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we can rise to meet we can be better for wrestling with other people's difficulties
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so don't resent people use them to become better you're busy i'm busy
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but how much of what we're busy with actually matters marcus rila says ask yourself with everything you do
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and say is this essential because most of what we do and say is not essential.
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And he's so right.
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Most of what we do is because people asked us to do it
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or people told us to do it or that's how we've always done it.
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Do we actually need to do it?
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If we found out we were dying tomorrow, would we keep doing it?
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Would we do it the way we're doing it?
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Absolutely not.
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So he says, when you ask yourself, is this essential?
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You eliminate so much of what you don't need to be doing.
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And then he says, you get the double benefit of now doing fewer things better
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that's why you ask yourself
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this question is this essential do i actually need to be doing it am i doing it the way
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that it needs to be done and you ask this of everything you do and say and think
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number one amor fati it didn't happen to you it happened for you fate chose
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this for you accept it embrace it bear
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it make something of it that's the idea of amor fati marx really says a fire turns everything into fuel
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and brightness that's amorphagy number two
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it's about what you do for other people marcus really says the fruit of this life is good character
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and acts for the common good right the stoics weren't trying to to study
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this philosophy to be better sociopaths to be able to make
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more money for their own sake to be more famous
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it was about what they do for other people do you
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contribute to your community to your country are you moving the ball forward for humanity
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Number three, this puts the other two in perspective, memento mori.
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You could leave life right now, as Mark Sarelius says, let that determine what you do and say and think.
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Life is short.
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Do everything as if it was the thought or action of a dying person, Marcus says.
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Life is fragile.
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The pandemic has reminded us of this.
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Live while you can.
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Seize the day.
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Those are three great lessons from Stoic philosophy you can apply right now.
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If you want to learn more about Stoic philosophy, totally for free, you can sign up for our daily Stoic email.
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It's one free email every morning.
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The best of Stoic wisdom, dailystoic .com slash email.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「9 Stoic Rules For A Better Life」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：marcus, aurelius, stoic。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が172文、単語が1966語あります。 音声の長さは10:27です。 話す速さは速く、1分あたり約188語です。音のつながりや弱く発音される音が多くなります。 単語の86%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| obstacle 名詞 | /ˈɑbstəkəl/ | 障害, 邪魔 |
| discipline 名詞 | /ˈdɪsəplɪn/ | 規律 |
| anxiety 名詞 | /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/ | 心配, 不安 |
| routine 名詞 | /ɹuˈtin/ | 日課, ルーティン |
| lesson 名詞 | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | 授業, 学科 |
| palace 名詞 | /ˈpælɪs/ | 宮殿, 宮闕 |
| reward 名詞 | /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/ | 見返り, 賞 |
| anxious 形容詞 | /ˈæŋkʃəs/ | 心配した |
| plague 名詞 | /plɛɡ/ | ペスト, 黒死病 |
| awareness 名詞 | /əˈwɛɹ.nəs/ | 意識 |
| horrible 形容詞 | /ˈhɔɹ.ɪ.bəl/ | 恐ろしい |
| comfort 名詞 | /ˈkʌm.fət/ | 快適さ |
| sake 名詞 | /ˈseɪ̯k/ | -のために |
| remind 動詞 | /ɹəˈmaɪnd/ | 思い出させる |
| fate 名詞 | /feɪt/ | 運命, 宿命 |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| get up 動詞 | 起きる |
| find out 動詞 | 見出す, 調べる |
| write down 動詞 | 書き留める, 記す |
繰り返し練習したい文
動画に出てくる短く完結した文です。日常会話でそのまま使えます。
- We don't control what happened.
- What action are you going to take?
- What step are you going to take?
- Do we actually need to do it?
- Would we do it the way we're doing it?
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | has been devastated · might be closed · can be closed |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | I've been · I've written · has been devastated |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | person who ever · Plague, which is |
注意したい発音
話し手はI'm, you're, don'tなど、短縮形や弱形を51回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「th」の音: athlete /ˈæθ.liːt/, breakthrough /ˈbɹeɪk.θɹuː/, unhealthy /ʌnˈhɛl.θi/, sociopath /ˈsəʊ.si.ə(ʊ)ˌpæθ/
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: meditation /mɛdɪˈteɪʃn̩/, anxious /ˈæŋkʃəs/, exception /əkˈsɛpʃən/, obnoxious /əbˈnɑkʃəs/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/, humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/, imperial /ɪmˈpɪɹ.i.əl/, eliminate /ɪˈlɪm.ɪ.neɪt/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: horrible /ˈhɔɹ.ɪ.bəl/, principle /ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/, imperial /ɪmˈpɪɹ.i.əl/, fragile /ˈfɹæd͡ʒəl/, tolerant /ˈtɑːləɹənt/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: virtue /ˈvɝt͡ʃu/, forgiveness /fɚˈɡɪvnəs/, overweight /ˌoʊvɚˈweɪt/, devastated /ˈdɛv.əˌsteɪ.təd/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: comfort /ˈkʌm.fət/, fate /feɪt/, fancy /ˈfæn.si/, difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/, fewer /ˈfjuː.ɚ/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。obstacle, discipline, anxietyなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。