Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: 9 Stoic Rules For A Better Life (From Marcus Aurelius)
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You could leave life right now, as Marcus Aurelius says, let that determine what you do and say and think.
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Life is short.
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Do everything as if it was the thought or action of a dying person, Marcus says.
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I think Marcus Aurelius is maybe the most fascinating person who ever lived.
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You know, we have this idea that absolute power corrupts absolutely, but Marcus is the exception to this rule.
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He's not born to a royal family.
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He's chosen as a young man, actually, at the same age as Nero and groomed for power.
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And what is the first thing he does with the power?
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He shares it with his brother.
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So I've been on this journey studying Marcus Aurelius since I first read Meditations, and it changed my life.
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And it's changed the life of millions of people in the 2 ,000 years since he lived.
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I'm Ryan Holiday.
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I've written now 12 books.
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I've been writing about Marcus Aurelius for more than a decade.
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I've been lucky enough to talk about Marcus Aurelius to the NBA and the NFL, special forces, to sitting senators, to CEOs, and everyone in between.
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And in today's episode, I wanted to give you some of my favorite lessons from the one and only Marcus Aurelius, the philosopher king.
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If you want to learn about the great principles and ideas that this man lived by, I think this video is for you.
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My favorite story about Marcus Aurelius comes at the depths of the Antonine Plague, which is a horrible pandemic that kills millions of people.
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Rome's economy has been devastated people are dying in the streets
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and everyone feels like it can't possibly get better
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and what does Marcus Aurelius do he walks through the imperial palace
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and begins to mark things for sale for two months
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he sells on the lawn of the great emperor's palace the jewels and robes
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and couches the finery owned by the emperor he's sending a message
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he says I'm not going to put myself first I don't need these fancy things not
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when people are struggling he says I'm going to do the little things
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that make a difference to me
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this is like the ceo who takes a pay cut in a bad economy
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this is the athlete who renegotiates their contract
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so the team can bring on new people this is the leader who sacrifices
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and struggles who puts the people first not their own comfort
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and needs that's what greatness is like and that's why i love this story from mark surelius
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you're not stuck i know you think you are
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but what the stoics wanted you to know is that yes one path might be closed, but another remains open, right?
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The impediment to action advances action.
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What stands in the way becomes the way.
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Marcus Rebillus isn't saying that nothing can ever stop you.
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He's saying that when you're stopped in one capacity, there remains other capacities open to you.
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You always have the opportunity to practice virtue, practice excellence, to change in some form or another based on what's happened.
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We don't control what happened.
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We control how we respond.
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That's what stoic philosophy is about.
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So yes, one path can be closed the door can be shut
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but the window remains open you know someone gets in your way someone blocks you someone prevents you sure that happens
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but they can't stop you from being patient they can't stop
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you from practicing forgiveness they can't stop
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you from going in a different direction from changing your mind trying something new growing
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because of this learning
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because of it the stoics say no one prevents us from accommodating adapting changing integrating the experiences the obstacles
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that are in our path
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and turning them into new paths that's what the obstacle is the way is it's impossible to get stuck
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because we always retain our ability to choose and change
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we know what it is we need to do right
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we have the information the problem is doing it marcus aurelius says
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you could be good today instead you choose tomorrow we put
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it off we say i'm going to get started on the diet
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i'm going to get started on the novel i'm going to get started cleaning the house.
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I'm not going to do it today.
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I'm going to do it tomorrow.
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If it was about information, no one would be overweight.
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No one would be unhealthy.
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Everyone would have six -pack abs.
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Every project would get completed.
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We know how to do it.
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The problem is that we don't do it.
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We don't take the steps.
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That's why the Stoics had the discipline of action.
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At the end of the day, it's all about the action.
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It's not what you say.
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It's not what you think.
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It's what you do.
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What action are you going to take?
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What step are you going to take?
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And really, that's how you finish stuff, step by step.
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Just take the first step, Marcus Aurelius says.
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No one can stop you from that.
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It takes an immense amount of self -awareness to go, like, I'm feeling discomforted because of X, or I'm feeling anxious because of X.
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You know, I think that was something for me that I found during the pandemic where suddenly I wasn't doing anything.
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So I wasn't having to get to this plane.
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I wasn't stuck in traffic here.
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I wasn't having to prepare for this or that.
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And so you'd think that my anxiety would go way down, that suddenly you'd have a lot less to worry about.
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And then, actually, that's not true.
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And then you realize, oh, the anxiety has nothing to do with any of the things.
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It's actually, Mark Shrews talks about this in meditations.
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He says, I escaped anxiety.
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And then he goes, no, actually, I discarded it.
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And he writes this during a plague, no less.
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But he goes, I discarded it because it was within me.
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That was a breakthrough I sort of had.
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It was like, oh, I thought I was stressed and anxious
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and worried because of all of these very reasonable things that cause those things in your life, work, family stuff.
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And then when all that gets pared down, you realize it's like, oh no, it was me.
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Marcus Aurelius has a better morning routine than you, I promise.
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So he gets up early.
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Even though he doesn't want to get up early, even though he doesn't have to get up early, he makes himself get up early.
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He says, what were you made to sit here under the covers
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and keep warm? were you meant to go do the work of a human being?
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So he gets up early and he goes and he does his work.
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And what is the first thing he do?
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I think that he sits down with his journal.
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Meditation survives to us because it's the private thoughts of the most powerful man in the world.
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He wrote down these thoughts because they made him better.
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And then what did he do?
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He got to work on his most important task of the day.
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He says, concentrate like a Roman.
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He says, do this as if it's the last thing you're doing in your life.
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That's what Marcus Aurelius did.
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His morning routine set him up for success he didn't approach the day at random he knew
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that well begun is half done and
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so should you start your day with a morning routine
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that lets you own the day from the beginning
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it's called self -discipline nobody else signed up for it you signed up for it
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so you're you're learning and your study
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and your self -improvement you have to be sure that you're applying this only to yourself.
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Marcus Aurelius says, tolerant with others, strict with yourself.
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The purpose of all this is to make you a better master of yourself.
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It's not to make you condescending or patronizing or controlling of other people.
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It's called self -discipline for a reason.
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It's your discipline over yourself.
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You'll leave everyone else and their mistakes and their way of doing things to them.
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Mark Sebelius didn't like people.
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I mean, you can't read meditations and not see this.
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He opens meditations with a meditation on how frustrating and obnoxious other people are.
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And even this idea, this idea of the obstacle is the way, that quote is him talking about other people,
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about how people get in our way, how people present obstacles
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but he says that in that obstacle there's an opportunity to actually practice this philosophy
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that you say you believe to be good in spite of
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other people to be just in the face of injustice to be temperate in the face of intemperance
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that's being rewarded to be courageous when everyone else is being cowardly
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and being rewarded for it
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so for for the stoics people are frustrating people are an obstacle
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but like all obstacles they're also the way that's a challenge
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we can rise to meet we can be better for wrestling with other people's difficulties
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so don't resent people use them to become better you're busy i'm busy
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but how much of what we're busy with actually matters marcus rila says ask yourself with everything you do
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and say is this essential because most of what we do and say is not essential.
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And he's so right.
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Most of what we do is because people asked us to do it
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or people told us to do it or that's how we've always done it.
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Do we actually need to do it?
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If we found out we were dying tomorrow, would we keep doing it?
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Would we do it the way we're doing it?
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Absolutely not.
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So he says, when you ask yourself, is this essential?
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You eliminate so much of what you don't need to be doing.
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And then he says, you get the double benefit of now doing fewer things better
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that's why you ask yourself
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this question is this essential do i actually need to be doing it am i doing it the way
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that it needs to be done and you ask this of everything you do and say and think
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number one amor fati it didn't happen to you it happened for you fate chose
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this for you accept it embrace it bear
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it make something of it that's the idea of amor fati marx really says a fire turns everything into fuel
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and brightness that's amorphagy number two
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it's about what you do for other people marcus really says the fruit of this life is good character
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and acts for the common good right the stoics weren't trying to to study
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this philosophy to be better sociopaths to be able to make
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more money for their own sake to be more famous
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it was about what they do for other people do you
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contribute to your community to your country are you moving the ball forward for humanity
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Number three, this puts the other two in perspective, memento mori.
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You could leave life right now, as Mark Sarelius says, let that determine what you do and say and think.
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Life is short.
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Do everything as if it was the thought or action of a dying person, Marcus says.
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Life is fragile.
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The pandemic has reminded us of this.
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Live while you can.
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Seize the day.
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Those are three great lessons from Stoic philosophy you can apply right now.
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If you want to learn more about Stoic philosophy, totally for free, you can sign up for our daily Stoic email.
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It's one free email every morning.
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The best of Stoic wisdom, dailystoic .com slash email.
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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này
Bài luyện nói này dựa trên video “9 Stoic Rules For A Better Life”. Những từ được nhắc lại nhiều nhất trong bài: marcus, aurelius, stoic. Video này có 172 câu và 1966 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 10:27. Người nói nói nhanh, khoảng 188 từ mỗi phút, nên sẽ có nhiều chỗ nối âm và nuốt âm. 86% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất; phần còn lại nên xem trước khi luyện.
Từ vựng quan trọng trong video
15 từ đáng học trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| obstacle danh từ | /ˈɑbstəkəl/ | bước cản, chướng ngại |
| discipline danh từ | /ˈdɪsəplɪn/ | kỉ luật |
| anxiety danh từ | /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/ | sự lo lắng, lo âu |
| lesson danh từ | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | bài, bài học |
| palace danh từ | /ˈpælɪs/ | cung điện |
| reward danh từ | /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/ | tặng thưởng, thưởng |
| anxious tính từ | /ˈæŋkʃəs/ | nao |
| plague danh từ | /plɛɡ/ | dịch hạch |
| awareness danh từ | /əˈwɛɹ.nəs/ | nhận thức |
| remind động từ | /ɹəˈmaɪnd/ | nhắc nhở, nhắc |
| fate danh từ | /feɪt/ | số phận, số mạng |
| exception danh từ | /əkˈsɛpʃən/ | lệ ngoại, ngoại lệ |
| contribute động từ | /kənˈtɹɪb.jut/ | đóng góp |
| principle danh từ | /ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/ | nguyên lí, nguyên tắc |
| humanity danh từ | /hjuˈmænɪti/ | nhân loại, loài người |
Cụm động từ bạn sẽ nghe
| Từ | Nghĩa |
|---|---|
| get up động từ | dậy |
| write down động từ | viết ra, ghi xuống |
Những câu đáng luyện lại
Các câu ngắn, trọn ý trong video mà bạn có thể dùng lại khi giao tiếp hằng ngày:
- We don't control what happened.
- What action are you going to take?
- What step are you going to take?
- Do we actually need to do it?
- Would we do it the way we're doing it?
Ngữ pháp trong video
Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:
| Cấu trúc | Trong video |
|---|---|
| Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm | has been devastated · might be closed · can be closed |
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại | I've been · I've written · has been devastated |
| Mệnh đề quan hệ who / which + mệnh đề — thêm thông tin về người hoặc vật | person who ever · Plague, which is |
Phát âm cần chú ý
Người nói dùng 51 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ I'm, you're, don't. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.
- Âm “th”: athlete /ˈæθ.liːt/, breakthrough /ˈbɹeɪk.θɹuː/, unhealthy /ʌnˈhɛl.θi/, sociopath /ˈsəʊ.si.ə(ʊ)ˌpæθ/
- Âm “sh” và “zh”: meditation /mɛdɪˈteɪʃn̩/, anxious /ˈæŋkʃəs/, exception /əkˈsɛpʃən/, obnoxious /əbˈnɑkʃəs/
- Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/, humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/, imperial /ɪmˈpɪɹ.i.əl/, eliminate /ɪˈlɪm.ɪ.neɪt/
Những âm người Việt thường gặp khó:
- Cụm phụ âm cuối — đọc đủ từng âm, đừng nuốt âm cuối: reward /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/, remind /ɹəˈmaɪnd/, strict /stɹɪkt/, corrupt /kəˈɹʌpt/, excellence /ˈɛksələns/
- Âm /tʃ/, /dʒ/ và /ʒ/ — tiếng Việt không có, đừng đọc thành “ch” hay “gi”: couch /ˈkaʊ̯t͡ʃ/, virtue /ˈvɝt͡ʃu/, fragile /ˈfɹæd͡ʒəl/, injustice /ɪnˈd͡ʒʌs.tɪs/, jewel /ˈd͡ʒuːəl/
- Âm /æ/ — mở miệng rộng hơn âm “e”: anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, palace /ˈpælɪs/, anxious /ˈæŋkʃəs/, fancy /ˈfæn.si/, humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/
Cách luyện với video này
- Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
- Bắt đầu ở tốc độ 0,75×, nói đuổi từng câu, rồi quay lại tốc độ bình thường khi đã quen.
- Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như obstacle, discipline, anxiety.
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.