Prática de Shadowing: 9 Stoic Rules For A Better Life (From Marcus Aurelius) - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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You could leave life right now, as Marcus Aurelius says, let that determine what you do and say and think.
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Life is short.
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Do everything as if it was the thought or action of a dying person, Marcus says.
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I think Marcus Aurelius is maybe the most fascinating person who ever lived.
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You know, we have this idea that absolute power corrupts absolutely, but Marcus is the exception to this rule.
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He's not born to a royal family.
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He's chosen as a young man, actually, at the same age as Nero and groomed for power.
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And what is the first thing he does with the power?
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He shares it with his brother.
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So I've been on this journey studying Marcus Aurelius since I first read Meditations, and it changed my life.
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And it's changed the life of millions of people in the 2 ,000 years since he lived.
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I'm Ryan Holiday.
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I've written now 12 books.
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I've been writing about Marcus Aurelius for more than a decade.
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I've been lucky enough to talk about Marcus Aurelius to the NBA and the NFL, special forces, to sitting senators, to CEOs, and everyone in between.
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And in today's episode, I wanted to give you some of my favorite lessons from the one and only Marcus Aurelius, the philosopher king.
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If you want to learn about the great principles and ideas that this man lived by, I think this video is for you.
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My favorite story about Marcus Aurelius comes at the depths of the Antonine Plague, which is a horrible pandemic that kills millions of people.
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Rome's economy has been devastated people are dying in the streets
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and everyone feels like it can't possibly get better
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and what does Marcus Aurelius do he walks through the imperial palace
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and begins to mark things for sale for two months
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he sells on the lawn of the great emperor's palace the jewels and robes
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and couches the finery owned by the emperor he's sending a message
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he says I'm not going to put myself first I don't need these fancy things not
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when people are struggling he says I'm going to do the little things
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that make a difference to me
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this is like the ceo who takes a pay cut in a bad economy
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this is the athlete who renegotiates their contract
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so the team can bring on new people this is the leader who sacrifices
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and struggles who puts the people first not their own comfort
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and needs that's what greatness is like and that's why i love this story from mark surelius
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you're not stuck i know you think you are
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but what the stoics wanted you to know is that yes one path might be closed, but another remains open, right?
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The impediment to action advances action.
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What stands in the way becomes the way.
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Marcus Rebillus isn't saying that nothing can ever stop you.
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He's saying that when you're stopped in one capacity, there remains other capacities open to you.
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You always have the opportunity to practice virtue, practice excellence, to change in some form or another based on what's happened.
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We don't control what happened.
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We control how we respond.
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That's what stoic philosophy is about.
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So yes, one path can be closed the door can be shut
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but the window remains open you know someone gets in your way someone blocks you someone prevents you sure that happens
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but they can't stop you from being patient they can't stop
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you from practicing forgiveness they can't stop
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you from going in a different direction from changing your mind trying something new growing
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because of this learning
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because of it the stoics say no one prevents us from accommodating adapting changing integrating the experiences the obstacles
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that are in our path
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and turning them into new paths that's what the obstacle is the way is it's impossible to get stuck
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because we always retain our ability to choose and change
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we know what it is we need to do right
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we have the information the problem is doing it marcus aurelius says
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you could be good today instead you choose tomorrow we put
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it off we say i'm going to get started on the diet
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i'm going to get started on the novel i'm going to get started cleaning the house.
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I'm not going to do it today.
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I'm going to do it tomorrow.
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If it was about information, no one would be overweight.
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No one would be unhealthy.
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Everyone would have six -pack abs.
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Every project would get completed.
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We know how to do it.
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The problem is that we don't do it.
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We don't take the steps.
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That's why the Stoics had the discipline of action.
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At the end of the day, it's all about the action.
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It's not what you say.
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It's not what you think.
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It's what you do.
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What action are you going to take?
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What step are you going to take?
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And really, that's how you finish stuff, step by step.
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Just take the first step, Marcus Aurelius says.
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No one can stop you from that.
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It takes an immense amount of self -awareness to go, like, I'm feeling discomforted because of X, or I'm feeling anxious because of X.
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You know, I think that was something for me that I found during the pandemic where suddenly I wasn't doing anything.
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So I wasn't having to get to this plane.
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I wasn't stuck in traffic here.
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I wasn't having to prepare for this or that.
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And so you'd think that my anxiety would go way down, that suddenly you'd have a lot less to worry about.
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And then, actually, that's not true.
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And then you realize, oh, the anxiety has nothing to do with any of the things.
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It's actually, Mark Shrews talks about this in meditations.
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He says, I escaped anxiety.
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And then he goes, no, actually, I discarded it.
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And he writes this during a plague, no less.
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But he goes, I discarded it because it was within me.
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That was a breakthrough I sort of had.
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It was like, oh, I thought I was stressed and anxious
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and worried because of all of these very reasonable things that cause those things in your life, work, family stuff.
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And then when all that gets pared down, you realize it's like, oh no, it was me.
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Marcus Aurelius has a better morning routine than you, I promise.
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So he gets up early.
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Even though he doesn't want to get up early, even though he doesn't have to get up early, he makes himself get up early.
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He says, what were you made to sit here under the covers
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and keep warm? were you meant to go do the work of a human being?
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So he gets up early and he goes and he does his work.
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And what is the first thing he do?
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I think that he sits down with his journal.
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Meditation survives to us because it's the private thoughts of the most powerful man in the world.
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He wrote down these thoughts because they made him better.
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And then what did he do?
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He got to work on his most important task of the day.
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He says, concentrate like a Roman.
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He says, do this as if it's the last thing you're doing in your life.
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That's what Marcus Aurelius did.
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His morning routine set him up for success he didn't approach the day at random he knew
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that well begun is half done and
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so should you start your day with a morning routine
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that lets you own the day from the beginning
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it's called self -discipline nobody else signed up for it you signed up for it
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so you're you're learning and your study
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and your self -improvement you have to be sure that you're applying this only to yourself.
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Marcus Aurelius says, tolerant with others, strict with yourself.
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The purpose of all this is to make you a better master of yourself.
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It's not to make you condescending or patronizing or controlling of other people.
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It's called self -discipline for a reason.
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It's your discipline over yourself.
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You'll leave everyone else and their mistakes and their way of doing things to them.
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Mark Sebelius didn't like people.
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I mean, you can't read meditations and not see this.
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He opens meditations with a meditation on how frustrating and obnoxious other people are.
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And even this idea, this idea of the obstacle is the way, that quote is him talking about other people,
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about how people get in our way, how people present obstacles
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but he says that in that obstacle there's an opportunity to actually practice this philosophy
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that you say you believe to be good in spite of
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other people to be just in the face of injustice to be temperate in the face of intemperance
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that's being rewarded to be courageous when everyone else is being cowardly
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and being rewarded for it
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so for for the stoics people are frustrating people are an obstacle
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but like all obstacles they're also the way that's a challenge
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we can rise to meet we can be better for wrestling with other people's difficulties
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so don't resent people use them to become better you're busy i'm busy
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but how much of what we're busy with actually matters marcus rila says ask yourself with everything you do
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and say is this essential because most of what we do and say is not essential.
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And he's so right.
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Most of what we do is because people asked us to do it
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or people told us to do it or that's how we've always done it.
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Do we actually need to do it?
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If we found out we were dying tomorrow, would we keep doing it?
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Would we do it the way we're doing it?
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Absolutely not.
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So he says, when you ask yourself, is this essential?
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You eliminate so much of what you don't need to be doing.
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And then he says, you get the double benefit of now doing fewer things better
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that's why you ask yourself
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this question is this essential do i actually need to be doing it am i doing it the way
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that it needs to be done and you ask this of everything you do and say and think
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number one amor fati it didn't happen to you it happened for you fate chose
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this for you accept it embrace it bear
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it make something of it that's the idea of amor fati marx really says a fire turns everything into fuel
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and brightness that's amorphagy number two
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it's about what you do for other people marcus really says the fruit of this life is good character
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and acts for the common good right the stoics weren't trying to to study
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this philosophy to be better sociopaths to be able to make
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more money for their own sake to be more famous
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it was about what they do for other people do you
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contribute to your community to your country are you moving the ball forward for humanity
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Number three, this puts the other two in perspective, memento mori.
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You could leave life right now, as Mark Sarelius says, let that determine what you do and say and think.
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Life is short.
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Do everything as if it was the thought or action of a dying person, Marcus says.
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Life is fragile.
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The pandemic has reminded us of this.
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Live while you can.
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Seize the day.
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Those are three great lessons from Stoic philosophy you can apply right now.
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If you want to learn more about Stoic philosophy, totally for free, you can sign up for our daily Stoic email.
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It's one free email every morning.
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The best of Stoic wisdom, dailystoic .com slash email.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “9 Stoic Rules For A Better Life”. As palavras que mais se repetem: marcus, aurelius, stoic. Este vídeo tem 172 frases e 1966 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 10:27. O falante fala rápido, cerca de 188 palavras por minuto, então espere sons ligados e reduzidos. 86% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| obstacle substantivo | /ˈɑbstəkəl/ | obstáculo, estorvo |
| discipline substantivo | /ˈdɪsəplɪn/ | disciplina |
| anxiety substantivo | /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/ | angústia, ansiedade |
| routine substantivo | /ɹuˈtin/ | rotina |
| lesson substantivo | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | lição |
| palace substantivo | /ˈpælɪs/ | palácio |
| reward substantivo | /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/ | recompensa |
| anxious adjetivo | /ˈæŋkʃəs/ | desconfortável |
| plague substantivo | /plɛɡ/ | peste negra, peste bubónica |
| awareness substantivo | /əˈwɛɹ.nəs/ | consciência |
| horrible adjetivo | /ˈhɔɹ.ɪ.bəl/ | horrível |
| comfort substantivo | /ˈkʌm.fət/ | conforto |
| sake substantivo | /ˈseɪ̯k/ | causa, interesse |
| remind verbo | /ɹəˈmaɪnd/ | lembrar, recordar |
| fate substantivo | /feɪt/ | destino, fado |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Significado |
|---|---|
| get up verbo | subir |
| find out verbo | descobrir |
| write down verbo | anotar |
Frases que vale a pena repetir
Frases curtas e completas do vídeo que você pode usar na conversa do dia a dia:
- We don't control what happened.
- What action are you going to take?
- What step are you going to take?
- Do we actually need to do it?
- Would we do it the way we're doing it?
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | has been devastated · might be closed · can be closed |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | I've been · I've written · has been devastated |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | person who ever · Plague, which is |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 51 contrações e formas reduzidas, como I'm, you're, don't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “th”: athlete /ˈæθ.liːt/, breakthrough /ˈbɹeɪk.θɹuː/, unhealthy /ʌnˈhɛl.θi/, sociopath /ˈsəʊ.si.ə(ʊ)ˌpæθ/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: meditation /mɛdɪˈteɪʃn̩/, anxious /ˈæŋkʃəs/, exception /əkˈsɛpʃən/, obnoxious /əbˈnɑkʃəs/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/, humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/, imperial /ɪmˈpɪɹ.i.əl/, eliminate /ɪˈlɪm.ɪ.neɪt/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: reward /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/, plague /plɛɡ/, comfort /ˈkʌm.fət/, sake /ˈseɪ̯k/, remind /ɹəˈmaɪnd/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: obstacle /ˈɑbstəkəl/, horrible /ˈhɔɹ.ɪ.bəl/, principle /ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/, imperial /ɪmˈpɪɹ.i.əl/, fragile /ˈfɹæd͡ʒəl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: horrible /ˈhɔɹ.ɪ.bəl/, humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/, unhealthy /ʌnˈhɛl.θi/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como obstacle, discipline, anxiety.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.