シャドーイング練習: APQP Phase 4 - Product & Process validation phase - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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Welcome to Young Business Professionals.
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I'm Felix and I hope you are all fine today.
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We are taking a look today on APQP Phase 4, the Product and Process Validation Phase.
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This is already the fifth video of our APQP Playlist.
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This video will take you on a 10 minutes tour through this project phase.
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Make sure you're watching this until the end as we releasing
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important lessons learned of phase four at the end of the video.
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If you're interested in increasing your automotive knowledge, please feel to subscribe to my channel and like the video.
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You might also check out our Facebook page through
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which we would like to create a community that shall support each other growing everybody's knowledge.
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What is the purpose of the product and process validation phase?
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During that phase of the project, the pre-serial production is taking place.
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Production equipment and board components are being released through PPAP approvals and run-it rates at sub-suppliers.
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The pre-serial products are used for process validation tests.
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After that, these results are shared with the customer as a part of the PPAP documentation.
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Now, let's take a more detailed look on all single working packages that can be a part of APQB Phase 4.
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The product and process validation phase may be splitted into the following working packages.
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Tracking and approval of production equipment, approval of board components, process validation,
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product trainings, finalization of quality planning,
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approval of production and run at weights and a sampling according to PPAP
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or EMPB standard and finally a quality gate review of phase 4.
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Tracking and approval of production equipment.
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The status tracking process is of course already started in phase 3 of the project
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but it is continued in phase 4 as well.
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Nominated suppliers are monitored frequently in order to check the timing status of the production equipment.
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The target is to approve the equipment as soon as possible as the requirements
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that were given in specification sheets can be proven.
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Often a preliminary approval of the equipment is happening at the location of the supplier.
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Later a final approval in the production plant is taking place.
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Approval of board components.
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In parallel a similar process will be performed for the board components.
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Suppliers will be monitored as well.
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The supplier APQB process is being tracked.
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The supplier is providing the documentation on the customer as soon
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as requirements for the components can be proven under serial production conditions.
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For important components, a production approval and a round rate at the supplier may take place.
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It is common that also preliminary or conditional approved components will be used for pre-serial production in this phase.
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Process validation.
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As soon as the product and the equipment is achieving a certain readiness, the process validation may start.
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All tools should be approved and or at least no major changes should be performed anymore at the equipment.
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In addition, the team that assembles the components for validation should be trained.
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Components will be produced and provided for the test.
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This test plan is based on the design validation plan that was defined and performed already in phase two of the project.
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Sometimes tests can be skipped or shortened as they have been performed already in the product design phase.
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The duration of the test is depending on the specification
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and is the overall target to prove that the product requirements can be achieved
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or can be reached while simulating real situation through these tests.
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Typical tests can be temperature cycle tests, vibration tests, functional tests or durability tests.
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To perform product trainings according to the training plan.
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In phase 3 of the project a training plan for product and process trainings was defined.
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Trainings for a production team such as operators or shift leaders according to created work instructions should be done.
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As well as the logistic team should be trained according to the packaging instructions and further specifications.
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The quality team needs to be instructed according to the control plan and the test plan.
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Introductions into new test equipment needs to be given.
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it's important that all team members
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that are in touch with the product understand its main functions
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and the drawing as well as the special characteristics of the
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product finalization of quality planning within project phase 4 the quality planning process will be closed
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and all planned test equipment and method will be applied
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so procured test equipments are are being installed and first tests are being performed during the pre-seal production.
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Short-term capability studies can be performed and a special focus on fulfillment of special characteristics should be given.
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In addition, the measurement system analysis can be started for new test equipment.
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The target is to check if identified error pattern can be identified correctly with procured test equipment.
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In addition, the control plan is being finalized for the level of the serial production.
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Approval of production and run and wait.
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Once all adjustments of the production equipment are closed in order to reach the product requirements on a repeatable level,
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the time of the full production approval is getting closer.
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At this juncture, not just the cycle times of all production depths are compared versus the planned and calculated values,
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but also it is checked if all requirements can be met.
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If this is the case, the product can be produced at planned cost and also planned capacities,
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which have been promised to the customer previously can be kept.
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In order to reach the production approval, often a so-called run-at rate will be performed.
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The run-at rate is a final trial run at which the production at serial conditions is being simulated.
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It is recommended to perform a production trial that takes several days
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or at least a few shifts on all new equipments in order to identify downtimes,
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scrap, and NOK parts, as well as OK components output.
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The result of the run-and-rate is the statement if a production approval can be declared or not.
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Sometimes this is being performed in presence of the customer.
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Sampling according to PPAP or EMPP.
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Once the serial production process is installed and approved, the team can proceed with the sampling of the product.
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This is the approval that all product requirements can be achieved permanently with the installed production process.
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In order to reach that a bunch of documentation will be submitted to the customer.
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The scope of this documentation package is depending on agreements that have been made before.
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If the project has a smaller scope, typically the documentation package requires less information.
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The sampling can be performed according to different standards such as the VDA standard or the IAG standard.
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We will provide you further details about these different sampling levels in further videos on that channel.
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After received up the documentation from the customer it is basically his job to provide a feedback on
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that and this is to be done in phase 5 of the project.
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Quality gate phase 4.
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Once all these activities are done the project manager has the
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pleasure to present the progress of the process phase to the management and top management of the company.
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That may then decide, based on the recommendation of the project manager, to release APQB phase 4 and to move on with phase 5.
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During such a gate review, the project manager is presenting which activities have been performed and if they have been closed in time.
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In case there are still actions unfulfilled, this is the right time and place for the manager to escalate
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that to the management and ask for special attention and support of the management team.
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In such a case the team may of course also decide not to release the phase.
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Anyhow in case they release the phase the team is proceeding with activities of the next one.
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Important learnings of phase 4 are the following.
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In general high efforts are required in order to reach the approval and sampling timing.
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The reason therefore is typically that a lot of small adjustments need to be performed in a very short time.
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The team can prevent these things by giving the highest possible attention within phases one and two,
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three of the project.
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As more efforts it's spending before, as better it is prepared for the critical phase right now.
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The team is focused to reach a defined target date for the sampling,
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as with approval of the sampling documentation invoices for the production equipment can be raised to the customer.
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And of course also the sampling date is important to be kept for the customer.
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Another important fact is that all sampling requirements should be clarified as early as possible in the project.
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It is definitely too late to clarify them within phase 4.
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They should be discussed and fixed already in phase 0 or 1 of the project.
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Otherwise it may occur that massive changes of the project efforts are a result of insufficient clarification.
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Well, that was my short video about APQP Phase 4.
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Thanks to all of you for watching this video until the end.
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I hope you enjoyed the video.
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I'm looking forward for your likes and your feedback below.
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Please subscribe to the channel to not miss further APQP updates.
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Please feel free to join our Facebook community.
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You will find the link below the video.
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Have a great day.
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you
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このC1レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「APQP Phase 4 - Product & Process validation phase」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：phase, production, test, approval, equipment。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が119文、単語が1562語あります。 音声の長さは11:14です。 話す速さは1分あたり約139語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。 単語の86%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。
この動画の重要語彙
動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| supplier 名詞 | /səˈplaɪə/ | サプライヤー, 供給者 |
| approve 動詞 | /əˈpɹuːv/ | 承認する, 賛成する |
| specification 名詞 | 仕様, スペック | |
| simulate 動詞 | /ˈsɪm.jə.lət/ | シミュレートする |
| adjustment 名詞 | /əˈd͡ʒʌst.mənt/ | 調整, 調節 |
| characteristic 名詞 | /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/ | 特性, 特徴 |
| subscribe 動詞 | /səbˈskɹaɪb/ | 購読する |
| anyhow 副詞 | /ˈɛn.i.haʊ/ | とにかく, 何しろ |
| downtime 名詞 | /ˈdaʊnˌtaɪm/ | ダウンタイム |
| durability 名詞 | /dəɹəˈbɪləti/ | 耐久性 |
| escalate 動詞 | /ˈɛs.kə.leɪt/ | エスカレートする |
| invoice 名詞 | /ˈɪnˌvɔɪs/ | 送り状, インボイス |
| shorten 動詞 | /ˈʃɔɹtn̩/ | 縮める, 短くする |
| nominate 動詞 | /ˈnɑ.mɪ.neɪt/ | 指名する, ノミネートする |
| vibration 名詞 | /vaɪˈbɹeɪʃən/ | 振動 |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| check out 動詞 | 試験する, 検査する |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | being released · are shared · may be splitted |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | have been performed · have been promised · have been made |
注意したい発音
話し手はI'm, you'reなど、短縮形や弱形を4回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: validation /ˌvæl.əˈdeɪ.ʃən/, documentation /ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən/, shorten /ˈʃɔɹtn̩/, clarification /ˌklæɹɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, vibration /vaɪˈbɹeɪʃən/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: validation /ˌvæl.əˈdeɪ.ʃən/, documentation /ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, durability /dəɹəˈbɪləti/, repeatable /ɹɪˈpiːtəbəl/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: clarify /ˈklæɹ.ɪ.faɪ/, durability /dəɹəˈbɪləti/, repeatable /ɹɪˈpiːtəbəl/, clarification /ˌklæɹɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: validation /ˌvæl.əˈdeɪ.ʃən/, approve /əˈpɹuːv/, invoice /ˈɪnˌvɔɪs/, vibration /vaɪˈbɹeɪʃən/, automotive /ˌɔtəˈmoʊtɪv/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: clarify /ˈklæɹ.ɪ.faɪ/, finalize /ˈfaɪ.nə.laɪz/, fulfilment /fʊlˈfɪl.mənt/, clarification /ˌklæɹɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, insufficient /ɪnsəˈfɪʃənt/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。supplier, approve, specificationなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。