シャドーイング練習: APQP Phase 2 - Product Development - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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Welcome to Young Business Professionals.
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I'm Felix and today I'm presenting to you the next video of our APQP series.
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In a few minutes I will explain to you the most important facts to be considered in APQP Phase 2, the Product Development Phase.
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If you are interested in increasing your automotive knowledge, please feel free to subscribe to my channel and like the video.
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You may also check out our Facebook page through which we would like to create a community that shall support each other, growing everybody's knowledge.
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What is the target of the APQP Phase 2?
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Immediately after the project kickoff meeting and parallel to the project planning phase, the designer is already starting to work on the product design.
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During that phase, the design is being developed further and further until it's getting frozen.
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The design freeze is symbolizing an important project milestone
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that is the basis for all future orders that might be launched at sub suppliers for purchase components, tools or production lines.
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Let's take a more detailed look on all single working packages of APQP Phase 2.
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The following working packages are part of the product design phase.
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development and creation of development master data, design FMEA, creation of DVP and PVP,
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prototyping and testing, the design freeze, make or by planning, quality gate review phase 2.
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All these working packages are interacting with each other and results of one task are influencing once again the other task.
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So several loops of improvements are performed during the whole phase.
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Development and creation of development master data.
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The product design starting from a very rough concept resulting in the final product design is the scope of these working packages.
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3D files of the product are created and step by step finalized.
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important characteristics of that design will be summarized on 2d drawings during
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that process the team is using several methods such as design fmeas
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or tolerance calculations in order to limit
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or avoid mistakes as best as possible it is recommended to cooperate as close as possible with the customer
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but also with all other functional experts of the company in order to to make sure
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that the part can be assembled in the right way, it is demoldable from the tools and tolerances can be kept,
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all customer requirements are reflected.
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In addition datasets for single parts
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and assemblies will be added to the enterprise resource planning system of the company and part numbers will be defined
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design fmea design fmea stands for design failure mode and effects analysis
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One of the most important tools of that phase is the so-called DFMEA, design, failure, mode and affects analysis.
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One of the most important tools of that phase is the so called design FMEA, design, failure, mode and affects analysis.
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One of the most important tools of the phase is the so-called DFMEA – Design, Failure, Mode and Effects Analysis.
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We will just roughly touch the term as this is a complex topic for
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which it makes sense to create a separate video.
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The target of that tool is to identify weak points in the design as early as possible.
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Based on the FMEA measures will be defined which will increase the security to fulfill product requirements as reliable as possible.
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During the FMEA the structure of the product, its functions and requirements will be analyzed.
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Based on that, a team of experts is conducting a study on potential failures
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and its root causes and is thinking about how to eliminate or limit these potential root causes.
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This is for instance leading to the fact
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that specific dimensions of drawings might be tolerated pretty narrow as they might be influencing an important characteristic of the product.
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A few additional important facts are that the FMEA should be started as early as possible in the project,
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if possible from the very first sketch.
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It is never closed or stopped except the product goes end of life
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and the design FMEA is providing important inputs for the PFMEA, a process FMEA.
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Creation of DVP and PVP.
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Another working package of this phase is the creation of the design verification plan and the process verification plan.
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These both tools are used to plan component tests in a
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systematic way starting from the concept phase of the product until the start of the serial production.
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The focus of the design validation plan is to check the design of the product,
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the process validation plan is to rather focus on the validation of the serial production process.
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At the end of the day the target is to verify
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if the the product produced on serial equipment can fulfill all requirements.
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Typically, the input for these test plans is coming from the customer specification sheets, drawings, or is derived from the design FMEA.
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One example could be that a potential failure was identified during the DFMEA.
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And one measure to make sure that root cause of this failure can be limited
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or excluded is to perform a specific test during the design validation.
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These tests are typically performed with prototypes during the design phase.
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Some examples are temperature cycle tests, vibration tests, also functional tests, as well as endurance tests.
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The results achieved are being implemented through design reviews into the product design again.
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Design Freeze Design Freeze The design freeze is one of the most important milestones in a project.
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At that time, the product design is being frozen.
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Theoretically, no further changes shall be performed at the product from that point of time.
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Although this is a best-case description that is rarely happening in reality.
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Why this should be the case?
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Because of the fact that each additional change is much more expensive beginning from now on.
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As serial tools and production equipment will be ordered directly after design freeze at the frozen level of drawings,
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each upcoming change to that results in real modification of the equipment or tools.
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Before, it was possible to perform changes on paper, but now you need to modify real things or restart completely, which results in higher change costs.
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At this time drawings of the product will be released
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that are the future basis for PPAP sampling to the customer
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and in addition it's valuable to know that each further change
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or adjustment is typically charged additionally to the customer by intelligent suppliers.
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Make or buy plan.
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In parallel to reaching the design freeze the team is thinking about the fact
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if tools equipment and single parts will be produced internally or bought from suppliers.
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RFQs with suppliers will be summarized and compared with internal costing
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so within upcoming phase three a group of decision makers can make a decision where to order
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which equipment or if to produce something internally is more reasonable.
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Quality gate phase two.
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Once all these activities are done the project manager has once
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more the pleasure to present the progress of the process phase to the management and top management of the company.
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That may then decide based on the recommendation of the project manager
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to release APQB phase 2 and open the gate to phase 3.
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During such a gate review, the project manager is presenting which activities have been performed and if they have been closed in time.
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In case there are still actions unfulfilled, this is the right time and place for the manager to escalate
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that to the management and to ask for special attention and support of the management team.
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In such a case, the management team may of course also decide
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not to release the phase anyhow in case they release the
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phase the team is proceeding with activities of the next one
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the difficulty to solve within phase two is often to understand
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if working packages have been solved detailed enough in order to freeze a major design
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it is recommended to spend the highest effort in this phase
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of the project in order to prevent future failures caused by superficial jobs conducted in phase two.
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Well, this was my short introduction into the APQP phase two, the product design phase.
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Thanks to all of you for watching this video until the end.
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I hope you enjoyed it.
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I'm looking forward for your likes and your feedback below the video.
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Please subscribe to the channel to not miss further APQP update videos.
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Please feel free to join our Facebook community, you will find the link below the video.
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Have a great day!
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このC1レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「APQP Phase 2 - Product Development」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：design, phase, product, fmea, tool。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が101文、単語が1411語あります。 音声の長さは10:59です。 話す速さは1分あたり約129語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。 単語の86%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。
この動画の重要語彙
動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| supplier 名詞 | /səˈplaɪə/ | サプライヤー, 供給者 |
| summarize 動詞 | /ˈsʌməˌɹaɪz/ | 要約する |
| verification 名詞 | /ˌvɛ.ɹə.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ | 確証, 検証 |
| milestone 名詞 | /ˈmaɪlˌstoʊn/ | 一里塚, 里程標 |
| prototype 名詞 | /ˈpɹəʊtətaɪp/ | プロトタイプ, 原型 |
| fulfill 動詞 | /fʊlˈfɪl/ | 遂行する, 実施する |
| characteristic 名詞 | /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/ | 特性, 特徴 |
| subscribe 動詞 | /səbˈskɹaɪb/ | 購読する |
| tolerance 名詞 | /ˈtɑ.lə.ɹəns/ | 寛容 |
| anyhow 副詞 | /ˈɛn.i.haʊ/ | とにかく, 何しろ |
| escalate 動詞 | /ˈɛs.kə.leɪt/ | エスカレートする |
| symbolize 動詞 | /ˈsɪmbəlaɪz/ | 象徴する |
| vibration 名詞 | /vaɪˈbɹeɪʃən/ | 振動 |
| theoretically 副詞 | 理論上 | |
| assemble 動詞 | /əˈsɛm.bəl/ | 集める, 組み立てる |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| check out 動詞 | 試験する, 検査する |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | be considered · being developed · might be launched |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | have been performed · have been solved |
注意したい発音
話し手はI'mなど、短縮形や弱形を3回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: validation /ˌvæl.əˈdeɪ.ʃən/, verification /ˌvɛ.ɹə.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/, superficial /ˌsupɚˈfɪʃəl/, vibration /vaɪˈbɹeɪʃən/, calculation /ˌkælkjuˈleɪʃn̩/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: validation /ˌvæl.əˈdeɪ.ʃən/, verification /ˌvɛ.ɹə.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/, internally /ɪnˈtɜːnəli/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, superficial /ˌsupɚˈfɪʃəl/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: tolerance /ˈtɑ.lə.ɹəns/, tolerate /ˈtɑ.lə.ɹeɪt/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: validation /ˌvæl.əˈdeɪ.ʃən/, verification /ˌvɛ.ɹə.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/, derive /dɪˈɹaɪv/, vibration /vaɪˈbɹeɪʃən/, verify /ˈvɛɹɪfaɪ/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: verification /ˌvɛ.ɹə.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/, fulfill /fʊlˈfɪl/, finalize /ˈfaɪ.nə.laɪz/, superficial /ˌsupɚˈfɪʃəl/, modification /ˌmɑdɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。supplier, summarize, verificationなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。