शैडोइंग अभ्यास: APQP Phase 2 - Product Development - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
अभ्यास मोड चुनें
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101 वाक्य
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Welcome to Young Business Professionals.
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I'm Felix and today I'm presenting to you the next video of our APQP series.
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In a few minutes I will explain to you the most important facts to be considered in APQP Phase 2, the Product Development Phase.
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If you are interested in increasing your automotive knowledge, please feel free to subscribe to my channel and like the video.
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You may also check out our Facebook page through which we would like to create a community that shall support each other, growing everybody's knowledge.
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What is the target of the APQP Phase 2?
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Immediately after the project kickoff meeting and parallel to the project planning phase, the designer is already starting to work on the product design.
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During that phase, the design is being developed further and further until it's getting frozen.
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The design freeze is symbolizing an important project milestone
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that is the basis for all future orders that might be launched at sub suppliers for purchase components, tools or production lines.
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Let's take a more detailed look on all single working packages of APQP Phase 2.
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The following working packages are part of the product design phase.
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development and creation of development master data, design FMEA, creation of DVP and PVP,
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prototyping and testing, the design freeze, make or by planning, quality gate review phase 2.
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All these working packages are interacting with each other and results of one task are influencing once again the other task.
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So several loops of improvements are performed during the whole phase.
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Development and creation of development master data.
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The product design starting from a very rough concept resulting in the final product design is the scope of these working packages.
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3D files of the product are created and step by step finalized.
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important characteristics of that design will be summarized on 2d drawings during
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that process the team is using several methods such as design fmeas
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or tolerance calculations in order to limit
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or avoid mistakes as best as possible it is recommended to cooperate as close as possible with the customer
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but also with all other functional experts of the company in order to to make sure
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that the part can be assembled in the right way, it is demoldable from the tools and tolerances can be kept,
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all customer requirements are reflected.
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In addition datasets for single parts
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and assemblies will be added to the enterprise resource planning system of the company and part numbers will be defined
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design fmea design fmea stands for design failure mode and effects analysis
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One of the most important tools of that phase is the so-called DFMEA, design, failure, mode and affects analysis.
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One of the most important tools of that phase is the so called design FMEA, design, failure, mode and affects analysis.
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One of the most important tools of the phase is the so-called DFMEA – Design, Failure, Mode and Effects Analysis.
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We will just roughly touch the term as this is a complex topic for
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which it makes sense to create a separate video.
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The target of that tool is to identify weak points in the design as early as possible.
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Based on the FMEA measures will be defined which will increase the security to fulfill product requirements as reliable as possible.
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During the FMEA the structure of the product, its functions and requirements will be analyzed.
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Based on that, a team of experts is conducting a study on potential failures
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and its root causes and is thinking about how to eliminate or limit these potential root causes.
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This is for instance leading to the fact
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that specific dimensions of drawings might be tolerated pretty narrow as they might be influencing an important characteristic of the product.
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A few additional important facts are that the FMEA should be started as early as possible in the project,
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if possible from the very first sketch.
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It is never closed or stopped except the product goes end of life
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and the design FMEA is providing important inputs for the PFMEA, a process FMEA.
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Creation of DVP and PVP.
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Another working package of this phase is the creation of the design verification plan and the process verification plan.
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These both tools are used to plan component tests in a
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systematic way starting from the concept phase of the product until the start of the serial production.
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The focus of the design validation plan is to check the design of the product,
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the process validation plan is to rather focus on the validation of the serial production process.
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At the end of the day the target is to verify
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if the the product produced on serial equipment can fulfill all requirements.
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Typically, the input for these test plans is coming from the customer specification sheets, drawings, or is derived from the design FMEA.
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One example could be that a potential failure was identified during the DFMEA.
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And one measure to make sure that root cause of this failure can be limited
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or excluded is to perform a specific test during the design validation.
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These tests are typically performed with prototypes during the design phase.
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Some examples are temperature cycle tests, vibration tests, also functional tests, as well as endurance tests.
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The results achieved are being implemented through design reviews into the product design again.
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Design Freeze Design Freeze The design freeze is one of the most important milestones in a project.
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At that time, the product design is being frozen.
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Theoretically, no further changes shall be performed at the product from that point of time.
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Although this is a best-case description that is rarely happening in reality.
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Why this should be the case?
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Because of the fact that each additional change is much more expensive beginning from now on.
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As serial tools and production equipment will be ordered directly after design freeze at the frozen level of drawings,
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each upcoming change to that results in real modification of the equipment or tools.
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Before, it was possible to perform changes on paper, but now you need to modify real things or restart completely, which results in higher change costs.
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At this time drawings of the product will be released
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that are the future basis for PPAP sampling to the customer
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and in addition it's valuable to know that each further change
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or adjustment is typically charged additionally to the customer by intelligent suppliers.
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Make or buy plan.
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In parallel to reaching the design freeze the team is thinking about the fact
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if tools equipment and single parts will be produced internally or bought from suppliers.
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RFQs with suppliers will be summarized and compared with internal costing
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so within upcoming phase three a group of decision makers can make a decision where to order
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which equipment or if to produce something internally is more reasonable.
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Quality gate phase two.
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Once all these activities are done the project manager has once
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more the pleasure to present the progress of the process phase to the management and top management of the company.
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That may then decide based on the recommendation of the project manager
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to release APQB phase 2 and open the gate to phase 3.
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During such a gate review, the project manager is presenting which activities have been performed and if they have been closed in time.
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In case there are still actions unfulfilled, this is the right time and place for the manager to escalate
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that to the management and to ask for special attention and support of the management team.
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In such a case, the management team may of course also decide
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not to release the phase anyhow in case they release the
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phase the team is proceeding with activities of the next one
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the difficulty to solve within phase two is often to understand
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if working packages have been solved detailed enough in order to freeze a major design
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it is recommended to spend the highest effort in this phase
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of the project in order to prevent future failures caused by superficial jobs conducted in phase two.
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Well, this was my short introduction into the APQP phase two, the product design phase.
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Thanks to all of you for watching this video until the end.
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I hope you enjoyed it.
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I'm looking forward for your likes and your feedback below the video.
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Please subscribe to the channel to not miss further APQP update videos.
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Please feel free to join our Facebook community, you will find the link below the video.
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Have a great day!
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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव
यह C1 स्तर का स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “APQP Phase 2 - Product Development” पर आधारित है। सबसे ज़्यादा दोहराए गए शब्द ये हैं: design, phase, product, fmea, tool। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 101 वाक्य और 1411 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 10:59 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 129 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्थिर गति से बोलता है, जो शैडोइंग के लिए आरामदायक है। 86% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।
इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली
वीडियो के 12 सबसे कठिन शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:
| शब्द | उच्चारण | अर्थ |
|---|---|---|
| supplier संज्ञा | /səˈplaɪə/ | प्रदायक, सप्लायर |
| milestone संज्ञा | /ˈmaɪlˌstoʊn/ | मीलपत्थर |
| internally क्रिया विशेषण | /ɪnˈtɜːnəli/ | आंतरिक |
| superficial विशेषण | /ˌsupɚˈfɪʃəl/ | सतही |
| calculation संज्ञा | /ˌkælkjuˈleɪʃn̩/ | गणना, परिकलन |
| cooperate क्रिया | /kəʊˈɒp.ə.ɹeɪt/ | सहयोग करना |
| tolerate क्रिया | /ˈtɑ.lə.ɹeɪt/ | सहना |
| analyze क्रिया | /ˈæn.əˌlaɪz/ | विश्लेषण करना |
| systematic विशेषण | /ˌsɪs.tɪˈmæt.ɪk/ | व्यवस्थित, नियोजित |
| verify क्रिया | /ˈvɛɹɪfaɪ/ | परखना, जाँचना |
| dimension संज्ञा | /daɪˈmɛn.ʃən/ | पहलू |
| recommendation संज्ञा | /ˌɹɛkəmɛnˈdeɪʃən/ | संस्तुति, सिफ़ारिश |
इस वीडियो का व्याकरण
वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:
| संरचना | वीडियो में |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है | be considered · being developed · might be launched |
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है | have been performed · have been solved |
ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण
वक्ता 3 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे I'm। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।
- “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: validation /ˌvæl.əˈdeɪ.ʃən/, verification /ˌvɛ.ɹə.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/, superficial /ˌsupɚˈfɪʃəl/, vibration /vaɪˈbɹeɪʃən/, calculation /ˌkælkjuˈleɪʃn̩/
- लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: validation /ˌvæl.əˈdeɪ.ʃən/, verification /ˌvɛ.ɹə.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/, internally /ɪnˈtɜːnəli/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, superficial /ˌsupɚˈfɪʃəl/
हिंदी भाषियों के लिए मुश्किल ध्वनियाँ:
- /v/ और /w/ का फ़र्क़ — /v/ में ऊपर के दाँत निचले होंठ को छूते हैं, /w/ में होंठ गोल होते हैं: validation /ˌvæl.əˈdeɪ.ʃən/, verification /ˌvɛ.ɹə.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/, derive /dɪˈɹaɪv/, vibration /vaɪˈbɹeɪʃən/, verify /ˈvɛɹɪfaɪ/
- /z/ — इसे “ज” (/dʒ/) न बनाएँ: summarize /ˈsʌməˌɹaɪz/, finalize /ˈfaɪ.nə.laɪz/, symbolize /ˈsɪmbəlaɪz/, analyze /ˈæn.əˌlaɪz/
- /æ/ — “ऐ” से ज़्यादा खुला: validation /ˌvæl.əˈdeɪ.ʃən/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, calculation /ˌkælkjuˈleɪʃn̩/, analyze /ˈæn.əˌlaɪz/, systematic /ˌsɪs.tɪˈmæt.ɪk/
इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें
- पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
- सामान्य गति पर एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें और हर वाक्य तब तक दोहराएँ जब तक आपकी लय वक्ता से न मिल जाए।
- अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर supplier, milestone, internally जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।