Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: APQP Phase 2 - Product Development
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Welcome to Young Business Professionals.
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I'm Felix and today I'm presenting to you the next video of our APQP series.
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In a few minutes I will explain to you the most important facts to be considered in APQP Phase 2, the Product Development Phase.
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If you are interested in increasing your automotive knowledge, please feel free to subscribe to my channel and like the video.
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You may also check out our Facebook page through which we would like to create a community that shall support each other, growing everybody's knowledge.
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What is the target of the APQP Phase 2?
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Immediately after the project kickoff meeting and parallel to the project planning phase, the designer is already starting to work on the product design.
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During that phase, the design is being developed further and further until it's getting frozen.
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The design freeze is symbolizing an important project milestone
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that is the basis for all future orders that might be launched at sub suppliers for purchase components, tools or production lines.
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Let's take a more detailed look on all single working packages of APQP Phase 2.
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The following working packages are part of the product design phase.
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development and creation of development master data, design FMEA, creation of DVP and PVP,
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prototyping and testing, the design freeze, make or by planning, quality gate review phase 2.
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All these working packages are interacting with each other and results of one task are influencing once again the other task.
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So several loops of improvements are performed during the whole phase.
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Development and creation of development master data.
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The product design starting from a very rough concept resulting in the final product design is the scope of these working packages.
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3D files of the product are created and step by step finalized.
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important characteristics of that design will be summarized on 2d drawings during
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that process the team is using several methods such as design fmeas
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or tolerance calculations in order to limit
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or avoid mistakes as best as possible it is recommended to cooperate as close as possible with the customer
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but also with all other functional experts of the company in order to to make sure
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that the part can be assembled in the right way, it is demoldable from the tools and tolerances can be kept,
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all customer requirements are reflected.
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In addition datasets for single parts
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and assemblies will be added to the enterprise resource planning system of the company and part numbers will be defined
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design fmea design fmea stands for design failure mode and effects analysis
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One of the most important tools of that phase is the so-called DFMEA, design, failure, mode and affects analysis.
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One of the most important tools of that phase is the so called design FMEA, design, failure, mode and affects analysis.
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One of the most important tools of the phase is the so-called DFMEA – Design, Failure, Mode and Effects Analysis.
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We will just roughly touch the term as this is a complex topic for
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which it makes sense to create a separate video.
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The target of that tool is to identify weak points in the design as early as possible.
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Based on the FMEA measures will be defined which will increase the security to fulfill product requirements as reliable as possible.
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During the FMEA the structure of the product, its functions and requirements will be analyzed.
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Based on that, a team of experts is conducting a study on potential failures
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and its root causes and is thinking about how to eliminate or limit these potential root causes.
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This is for instance leading to the fact
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that specific dimensions of drawings might be tolerated pretty narrow as they might be influencing an important characteristic of the product.
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A few additional important facts are that the FMEA should be started as early as possible in the project,
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if possible from the very first sketch.
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It is never closed or stopped except the product goes end of life
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and the design FMEA is providing important inputs for the PFMEA, a process FMEA.
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Creation of DVP and PVP.
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Another working package of this phase is the creation of the design verification plan and the process verification plan.
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These both tools are used to plan component tests in a
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systematic way starting from the concept phase of the product until the start of the serial production.
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The focus of the design validation plan is to check the design of the product,
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the process validation plan is to rather focus on the validation of the serial production process.
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At the end of the day the target is to verify
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if the the product produced on serial equipment can fulfill all requirements.
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Typically, the input for these test plans is coming from the customer specification sheets, drawings, or is derived from the design FMEA.
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One example could be that a potential failure was identified during the DFMEA.
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And one measure to make sure that root cause of this failure can be limited
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or excluded is to perform a specific test during the design validation.
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These tests are typically performed with prototypes during the design phase.
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Some examples are temperature cycle tests, vibration tests, also functional tests, as well as endurance tests.
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The results achieved are being implemented through design reviews into the product design again.
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Design Freeze Design Freeze The design freeze is one of the most important milestones in a project.
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At that time, the product design is being frozen.
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Theoretically, no further changes shall be performed at the product from that point of time.
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Although this is a best-case description that is rarely happening in reality.
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Why this should be the case?
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Because of the fact that each additional change is much more expensive beginning from now on.
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As serial tools and production equipment will be ordered directly after design freeze at the frozen level of drawings,
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each upcoming change to that results in real modification of the equipment or tools.
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Before, it was possible to perform changes on paper, but now you need to modify real things or restart completely, which results in higher change costs.
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At this time drawings of the product will be released
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that are the future basis for PPAP sampling to the customer
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and in addition it's valuable to know that each further change
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or adjustment is typically charged additionally to the customer by intelligent suppliers.
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Make or buy plan.
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In parallel to reaching the design freeze the team is thinking about the fact
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if tools equipment and single parts will be produced internally or bought from suppliers.
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RFQs with suppliers will be summarized and compared with internal costing
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so within upcoming phase three a group of decision makers can make a decision where to order
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which equipment or if to produce something internally is more reasonable.
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Quality gate phase two.
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Once all these activities are done the project manager has once
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more the pleasure to present the progress of the process phase to the management and top management of the company.
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That may then decide based on the recommendation of the project manager
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to release APQB phase 2 and open the gate to phase 3.
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During such a gate review, the project manager is presenting which activities have been performed and if they have been closed in time.
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In case there are still actions unfulfilled, this is the right time and place for the manager to escalate
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that to the management and to ask for special attention and support of the management team.
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In such a case, the management team may of course also decide
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not to release the phase anyhow in case they release the
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phase the team is proceeding with activities of the next one
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the difficulty to solve within phase two is often to understand
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if working packages have been solved detailed enough in order to freeze a major design
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it is recommended to spend the highest effort in this phase
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of the project in order to prevent future failures caused by superficial jobs conducted in phase two.
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Well, this was my short introduction into the APQP phase two, the product design phase.
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Thanks to all of you for watching this video until the end.
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I hope you enjoyed it.
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I'm looking forward for your likes and your feedback below the video.
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Please subscribe to the channel to not miss further APQP update videos.
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Please feel free to join our Facebook community, you will find the link below the video.
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Have a great day!
Tải Ứng Dụng
Mọi thứ bạn cần để nói trôi chảy
Chấm điểm AIChấm từng câu nói
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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này
Bài luyện nói trình độ C1 này dựa trên video “APQP Phase 2 - Product Development”. Những từ được nhắc lại nhiều nhất trong bài: design, phase, product, fmea, tool. Video này có 101 câu và 1411 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 10:59. Người nói giữ tốc độ đều, khoảng 129 từ mỗi phút, vừa sức để nói đuổi theo. 86% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất; phần còn lại nên xem trước khi luyện.
Từ vựng quan trọng trong video
15 từ khó nhất trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| supplier danh từ | /səˈplaɪə/ | người cung cấp, người tiếp tế |
| summarize động từ | /ˈsʌməˌɹaɪz/ | tóm lược, tóm tắt |
| milestone danh từ | /ˈmaɪlˌstoʊn/ | cột mốc, cây số |
| prototype danh từ | /ˈpɹəʊtətaɪp/ | nguyên mẫu |
| characteristic danh từ | /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/ | đặc điểm |
| subscribe động từ | /səbˈskɹaɪb/ | đăng kí |
| vibration danh từ | /vaɪˈbɹeɪʃən/ | rung động |
| theoretically trạng từ | về lý thuyết | |
| assemble động từ | /əˈsɛm.bəl/ | tập hợp |
| specification danh từ | quy cách, quy phạm | |
| calculation danh từ | /ˌkælkjuˈleɪʃn̩/ | tính toán |
| cooperate động từ | /kəʊˈɒp.ə.ɹeɪt/ | cộng tác |
| tolerate động từ | /ˈtɑ.lə.ɹeɪt/ | chịu đựng |
| analyze động từ | /ˈæn.əˌlaɪz/ | phân tích |
| verify động từ | /ˈvɛɹɪfaɪ/ | xác minh, xác thực |
Cụm động từ bạn sẽ nghe
| Từ | Nghĩa |
|---|---|
| check out động từ | tính tiền, trả phòng |
Ngữ pháp trong video
Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:
| Cấu trúc | Trong video |
|---|---|
| Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm | be considered · being developed · might be launched |
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại | have been performed · have been solved |
Phát âm cần chú ý
Người nói dùng 3 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ I'm. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.
- Âm “sh” và “zh”: validation /ˌvæl.əˈdeɪ.ʃən/, verification /ˌvɛ.ɹə.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/, superficial /ˌsupɚˈfɪʃəl/, vibration /vaɪˈbɹeɪʃən/, calculation /ˌkælkjuˈleɪʃn̩/
- Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: validation /ˌvæl.əˈdeɪ.ʃən/, verification /ˌvɛ.ɹə.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/, internally /ɪnˈtɜːnəli/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, superficial /ˌsupɚˈfɪʃəl/
Những âm người Việt thường gặp khó:
- Cụm phụ âm cuối — đọc đủ từng âm, đừng nuốt âm cuối: tolerance /ˈtɑ.lə.ɹəns/, restart /ˈɹiːˌstɑɹt/, endurance /ɪnˈdʊɹəns/, adjustment /əˈd͡ʒʌst.mənt/, interact /ɪn.təˈɹækt/
- Âm /tʃ/, /dʒ/ và /ʒ/ — tiếng Việt không có, đừng đọc thành “ch” hay “gi”: adjustment /əˈd͡ʒʌst.mənt/, sketch /ˈskɛt͡ʃ/
- Âm /æ/ — mở miệng rộng hơn âm “e”: validation /ˌvæl.əˈdeɪ.ʃən/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, calculation /ˌkælkjuˈleɪʃn̩/, analyze /ˈæn.əˌlaɪz/, systematic /ˌsɪs.tɪˈmæt.ɪk/
Cách luyện với video này
- Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
- Nói đuổi từng câu ở tốc độ bình thường, lặp lại mỗi câu đến khi nhịp của bạn khớp với người nói.
- Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như supplier, summarize, milestone.
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.