シャドーイング練習: How many robots does it take to run a grocery store? - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
レッスンを作成中...
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This is a grocery packing warehouse in the south -east of London.
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Folks have ordered their groceries online, and instead of people walking up and down the aisles of a traditional grocery store to pick up items,
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these little devices move more than a million items every day between them.
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Instead of trying to build machines that fit into a world designed for humans, this entire facility, the size of seven football fields, is custom -built to make this as efficient as possible.
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I cannot get across on camera just how incredibly large this whole place is.
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The top speed of those boxes is about 14km an hour, and they pass within 5mm of each other when they move.
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So, how many robots are there in the hive?
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Well, that depends on how you count them.
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What you're looking at behind me is the hive.
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We've got the grid, which is the metal structure.
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It's filled with products, so that product is housed within what we call totes, or these open boxes that you can see at the top of the grid.
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We have around 2 ,300 bots and they move the stock around the warehouse
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so that we can pair it up with customer orders to be delivered.
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The bots will move in the X and Y direction.
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They can also move in the Z direction.
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So we have a cable poise system that means
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that they can lower down a gripper assembly and grab onto the stock that we have in the grid.
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In some areas we have as deep as 21 totes all in a line.
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We have sensors underneath the bot that mean
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that every time it passes over one of the squares on the grid it has a laser underneath it
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that can tell when it moves over that cell.
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So it will say I've passed a cell, I've passed a cell, I've passed a cell.
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We have around 58 ,000 different types of individual products within the grid.
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We'll use the huge amounts of data
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that we gather to understand what customers are most likely to order
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and place them in the easiest to reach locations for bots.
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All of that combined means that we can have stock into the warehouse
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and out again from our suppliers into a delivery van in just five hours.
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The robots deliver their crates over to the packing area.
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Some of that packing is done by humans, but there are mechanical arms as well.
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One of the big problems they've got to solve is
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that grocery packaging is designed for people and the interactions between all the objects they deal with can be complicated.
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Currently we're standing underneath the grid structure that we saw earlier.
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The robots that we saw are actually dropping off products to the station.
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Once they're dropped off they become in control of the robot
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and the robot decides how to pick them before the grid robot picks up the tote and takes it away again.
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There's two 3D cameras above the totes so it takes an image of the storage box before it picks from it.
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It decides on the best grasp point, confirm that the product is correct and then place it into the customer shopping
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and it's doing all of that on live customer orders.
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We make sure that we don't mix something that was heavy with something that's soft.
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There are things that the robot can't pack, things such as very, very heavy, very large, or very fragile items, but there's a lot of range in between that.
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It's fairly safe to call each individual packing arm a robot.
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Each one has a separate controller and it has to make a lot of decisions in real time, using cameras and sensors on each individual arm.
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But here in the Hive, it's not quite as simple.
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Controlling all of this is what we refer to as the Hive Mind, so this artificial intelligence system that controls everything.
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Once the stop comes in, from that exact point that it enters the system, the hive mind will track its every single movement.
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The hive mind will tell the bots exactly where they need to stop, but it is the bots control system
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that allows it to follow a movement profile and stop exactly as the hive mind expects it to.
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There's just a 5mm gap between bots, so that's both as they pass each other and if they stop next to a bot as well.
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This bot with the orange light may have experienced something within its sensors
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and all of those readings it's taking that when it feeds
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that back to the hive mind it's not quite what the hive mind was expecting
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so it just brings it to a safe stop for investigation.
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We do have a number of grid operators
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that sit at the edge of the grid
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and they're able to use our CCTV system
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that we have above the grid to look at exactly what's going on with
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that bot and they can try and fix that remotely and send commands to the bot wirelessly.
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The boundary between individual and group is a little blurry.
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Is a termite colony a collection of individuals working together, or one big super -organism?
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Is the microbiome in your gut part of you?
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Because in the last couple of decades, scientists have started to work out that the bacteria in your digestive system produce and consume neurotransmitters that affect how you think.
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But most people wouldn't consider their gut bacteria to be part of them.
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We tend to ascribe intelligence and identity to things that act at roughly our scale.
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It's easy to look at the hive, see the moving boxes, and go, OK, 2 ,000 robots.
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But with only one controller, and the boxes just following the paths they're given, I'd say there's a good argument that that is one robot with 2 ,000 ways to interact with the world.
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Thank you so much to everyone here at Ocado.
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There is a link to them and more about their technology in the description.
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Thank you.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このB2レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「How many robots does it take to run a grocery store?」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：bot, hive, grid, robot, product。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が69文、単語が1015語あります。 音声の長さは5:07です。 話す速さは速く、1分あたり約198語です。音のつながりや弱く発音される音が多くなります。 単語の83%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。
この動画の重要語彙
動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| grid 名詞 | /ɡɹɪd/ | 格子, グリッド |
| bot 名詞 | /bɑt/ | ボット, ロボット |
| sensor 名詞 | /ˈsɛn.sɚ/ | センサー, センサ |
| warehouse 名詞 | /ˈwɛə(ɹ)haʊs/ | 倉庫 |
| bacterium 名詞 | /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/ | 細菌, バクテリア |
| neurotransmitter 名詞 | 神経伝達物質 | |
| termite 名詞 | /ˈtɜː(ɹ).maɪt/ | シロアリ, 白蟻 |
| organism 名詞 | /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/ | 生物, 有機体 |
| aisle 名詞 | /aɪ̯l/ | 通路 |
| supplier 名詞 | /səˈplaɪə/ | サプライヤー, 供給者 |
| fragile 形容詞 | /ˈfɹæd͡ʒəl/ | 壊れやすい, 脆い |
| consume 動詞 | /kənˈsum/ | 消費する, 消耗する |
| grasp 動詞 | /ɡɹæsp/ | 掴む |
| interact 動詞 | /ɪn.təˈɹækt/ | 相互作用する, 相呼応する |
| combine 動詞 | /kəmˈbaɪn/ | 合わせる, 結び付ける |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| drop off 動詞 | 落ちる |
| pick up 動詞 | 拾う, 拾い上げる |
繰り返し練習したい文
動画に出てくる短く完結した文です。日常会話でそのまま使えます。
- What you're looking at behind me is the hive.
- We've got the grid, which is the metal structure.
- Is the microbiome in your gut part of you?
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | is housed · be delivered · is done |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | have ordered · I've passed · have started |
注意したい発音
話し手はI've, they're, can'tなど、短縮形や弱形を15回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: controller /kənˈtɹoʊlɚ/, blurry /ˈblɜːɹi/, remotely /ɹɪˈmoʊtli/, fragile /ˈfɹæd͡ʒəl/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: hive /haɪv/, digestive /daɪˈdʒɛstɪv/
- 子音の連続 — 間に母音を入れない: grid /ɡɹɪd/, grocery /ˈɡɹəʊ.s(ə.)ɹi/, controller /kənˈtɹoʊlɚ/, ascribe /əˈskɹaɪb/, blurry /ˈblɜːɹi/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。grid, bot, sensorなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。