跟读练习: How many robots does it take to run a grocery store? - 通过视频学习英语口语

This is a grocery packing warehouse in the south -east of London.

Folks have ordered their groceries online, and instead of people walking up and down the aisles of a traditional grocery store to pick up items,

these little devices move more than a million items every day between them.

Instead of trying to build machines that fit into a world designed for humans, this entire facility, the size of seven football fields, is custom -built to make this as efficient as possible.

I cannot get across on camera just how incredibly large this whole place is.

The top speed of those boxes is about 14km an hour, and they pass within 5mm of each other when they move.

So, how many robots are there in the hive?

Well, that depends on how you count them.

What you're looking at behind me is the hive.

We've got the grid, which is the metal structure.

It's filled with products, so that product is housed within what we call totes, or these open boxes that you can see at the top of the grid.

We have around 2 ,300 bots and they move the stock around the warehouse

so that we can pair it up with customer orders to be delivered.

The bots will move in the X and Y direction.

They can also move in the Z direction.

So we have a cable poise system that means

that they can lower down a gripper assembly and grab onto the stock that we have in the grid.

In some areas we have as deep as 21 totes all in a line.

We have sensors underneath the bot that mean

that every time it passes over one of the squares on the grid it has a laser underneath it

that can tell when it moves over that cell.

So it will say I've passed a cell, I've passed a cell, I've passed a cell.

We have around 58 ,000 different types of individual products within the grid.

We'll use the huge amounts of data

that we gather to understand what customers are most likely to order

and place them in the easiest to reach locations for bots.

All of that combined means that we can have stock into the warehouse

and out again from our suppliers into a delivery van in just five hours.

The robots deliver their crates over to the packing area.

Some of that packing is done by humans, but there are mechanical arms as well.

One of the big problems they've got to solve is

that grocery packaging is designed for people and the interactions between all the objects they deal with can be complicated.

Currently we're standing underneath the grid structure that we saw earlier.

The robots that we saw are actually dropping off products to the station.

Once they're dropped off they become in control of the robot

and the robot decides how to pick them before the grid robot picks up the tote and takes it away again.

There's two 3D cameras above the totes so it takes an image of the storage box before it picks from it.

It decides on the best grasp point, confirm that the product is correct and then place it into the customer shopping

and it's doing all of that on live customer orders.

We make sure that we don't mix something that was heavy with something that's soft.

There are things that the robot can't pack, things such as very, very heavy, very large, or very fragile items, but there's a lot of range in between that.

It's fairly safe to call each individual packing arm a robot.

Each one has a separate controller and it has to make a lot of decisions in real time, using cameras and sensors on each individual arm.

But here in the Hive, it's not quite as simple.

Controlling all of this is what we refer to as the Hive Mind, so this artificial intelligence system that controls everything.

Once the stop comes in, from that exact point that it enters the system, the hive mind will track its every single movement.

The hive mind will tell the bots exactly where they need to stop, but it is the bots control system

that allows it to follow a movement profile and stop exactly as the hive mind expects it to.

There's just a 5mm gap between bots, so that's both as they pass each other and if they stop next to a bot as well.

This bot with the orange light may have experienced something within its sensors

and all of those readings it's taking that when it feeds

that back to the hive mind it's not quite what the hive mind was expecting

so it just brings it to a safe stop for investigation.

We do have a number of grid operators

that sit at the edge of the grid

and they're able to use our CCTV system

that we have above the grid to look at exactly what's going on with

that bot and they can try and fix that remotely and send commands to the bot wirelessly.

The boundary between individual and group is a little blurry.

Is a termite colony a collection of individuals working together, or one big super -organism?

Is the microbiome in your gut part of you?

Because in the last couple of decades, scientists have started to work out that the bacteria in your digestive system produce and consume neurotransmitters that affect how you think.

But most people wouldn't consider their gut bacteria to be part of them.

We tend to ascribe intelligence and identity to things that act at roughly our scale.

It's easy to look at the hive, see the moving boxes, and go, OK, 2 ,000 robots.

But with only one controller, and the boxes just following the paths they're given, I'd say there's a good argument that that is one robot with 2 ,000 ways to interact with the world.

Thank you so much to everyone here at Ocado.

There is a link to them and more about their technology in the description.

Thank you.

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本课的词汇与口语要点

这节 B2 级别的口语课以视频“How many robots does it take to run a grocery store?”为素材。视频中反复出现的词有：bot, hive, grid, robot, product。这段视频共有 69 个句子、1015 个单词可供跟读。讲话部分时长为 5:07。说话人语速较快，每分钟约 198 个词，会出现较多连读和弱读。 83% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：

单词	发音	释义
hive 名词	/haɪv/	蜂群
grid 名词	/ɡɹɪd/	網格 /网格, 格子
bot 名词	/bɑt/	機器人 /机器人
tote 名词	/toʊt/	托特包
sensor 名词	/ˈsɛn.sɚ/	傳感器 /传感器
warehouse 名词	/ˈwɛə(ɹ)haʊs/	倉庫 /仓库
bacterium 名词	/bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/	細菌 /细菌
ascribe 动词	/əˈskɹaɪb/	歸咎 /归咎, 歸功 /归功
blurry 形容词	/ˈblɜːɹi/	模糊, 模糊不清
neurotransmitter 名词		神經傳導物質 /神经传导物质, 神經遞質 /神经递质
termite 名词	/ˈtɜː(ɹ).maɪt/	白蟻 /白蚁
organism 名词	/ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/	生物, 有機體 /有机体
groceries 名词	/ˈɡɹoʊ.s(ə.)ɹiz/	雜貨 /杂货, 買菜 /买菜
aisle 名词	/aɪ̯l/	走道, 過道 /过道
supplier 名词	/səˈplaɪə/	供應商 /供应商, 供應者 /供应者

视频中出现的短语动词

单词	发音	释义
drop off 动词		掉落, 落下
pick up 动词		拾取, 撿 /捡
work out 动词	/ˌwɝk ˈaʊt/	計算 /计算, 算出

值得反复跟读的句子

视频中简短而完整的句子，可以直接用在日常对话里：

What you're looking at behind me is the hive.
We've got the grid, which is the metal structure.
Is the microbiome in your gut part of you?

视频中的语法

说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：

结构	视频中的用法
被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的	is housed · be delivered · is done
现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事	have ordered · I've passed · have started

需要注意的发音

说话人用了 15 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 I've, they're, can't。请按听到的简短形式来说。

中文母语者容易读错的音：

/v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: hive /haɪv/, digestive /daɪˈdʒɛstɪv/
词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: hive /haɪv/, grid /ɡɹɪd/, bot /bɑt/, tote /toʊt/, warehouse /ˈwɛə(ɹ)haʊs/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: controller /kənˈtɹoʊlɚ/, blurry /ˈblɜːɹi/, remotely /ɹɪˈmoʊtli/, fragile /ˈfɹæd͡ʒəl/

如何用这段视频练习

先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 hive, grid, bot 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →

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本课的词汇与口语要点

视频中的重点词汇

视频中出现的短语动词

值得反复跟读的句子

视频中的语法

需要注意的发音

如何用这段视频练习

什么是跟读法？