Shadowing Practice: How many robots does it take to run a grocery store? - Learn English Speaking with Video
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69 משפטים
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1
This is a grocery packing warehouse in the south -east of London.
2
Folks have ordered their groceries online, and instead of people walking up and down the aisles of a traditional grocery store to pick up items,
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these little devices move more than a million items every day between them.
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Instead of trying to build machines that fit into a world designed for humans, this entire facility, the size of seven football fields, is custom -built to make this as efficient as possible.
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I cannot get across on camera just how incredibly large this whole place is.
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The top speed of those boxes is about 14km an hour, and they pass within 5mm of each other when they move.
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So, how many robots are there in the hive?
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Well, that depends on how you count them.
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What you're looking at behind me is the hive.
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We've got the grid, which is the metal structure.
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It's filled with products, so that product is housed within what we call totes, or these open boxes that you can see at the top of the grid.
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We have around 2 ,300 bots and they move the stock around the warehouse
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so that we can pair it up with customer orders to be delivered.
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The bots will move in the X and Y direction.
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They can also move in the Z direction.
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So we have a cable poise system that means
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that they can lower down a gripper assembly and grab onto the stock that we have in the grid.
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In some areas we have as deep as 21 totes all in a line.
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We have sensors underneath the bot that mean
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that every time it passes over one of the squares on the grid it has a laser underneath it
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that can tell when it moves over that cell.
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So it will say I've passed a cell, I've passed a cell, I've passed a cell.
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We have around 58 ,000 different types of individual products within the grid.
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We'll use the huge amounts of data
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that we gather to understand what customers are most likely to order
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and place them in the easiest to reach locations for bots.
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All of that combined means that we can have stock into the warehouse
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and out again from our suppliers into a delivery van in just five hours.
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The robots deliver their crates over to the packing area.
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Some of that packing is done by humans, but there are mechanical arms as well.
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One of the big problems they've got to solve is
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that grocery packaging is designed for people and the interactions between all the objects they deal with can be complicated.
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Currently we're standing underneath the grid structure that we saw earlier.
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The robots that we saw are actually dropping off products to the station.
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Once they're dropped off they become in control of the robot
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and the robot decides how to pick them before the grid robot picks up the tote and takes it away again.
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There's two 3D cameras above the totes so it takes an image of the storage box before it picks from it.
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It decides on the best grasp point, confirm that the product is correct and then place it into the customer shopping
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and it's doing all of that on live customer orders.
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We make sure that we don't mix something that was heavy with something that's soft.
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There are things that the robot can't pack, things such as very, very heavy, very large, or very fragile items, but there's a lot of range in between that.
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It's fairly safe to call each individual packing arm a robot.
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Each one has a separate controller and it has to make a lot of decisions in real time, using cameras and sensors on each individual arm.
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But here in the Hive, it's not quite as simple.
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Controlling all of this is what we refer to as the Hive Mind, so this artificial intelligence system that controls everything.
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Once the stop comes in, from that exact point that it enters the system, the hive mind will track its every single movement.
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The hive mind will tell the bots exactly where they need to stop, but it is the bots control system
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that allows it to follow a movement profile and stop exactly as the hive mind expects it to.
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There's just a 5mm gap between bots, so that's both as they pass each other and if they stop next to a bot as well.
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This bot with the orange light may have experienced something within its sensors
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and all of those readings it's taking that when it feeds
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that back to the hive mind it's not quite what the hive mind was expecting
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so it just brings it to a safe stop for investigation.
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We do have a number of grid operators
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that sit at the edge of the grid
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and they're able to use our CCTV system
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that we have above the grid to look at exactly what's going on with
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that bot and they can try and fix that remotely and send commands to the bot wirelessly.
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The boundary between individual and group is a little blurry.
60
Is a termite colony a collection of individuals working together, or one big super -organism?
61
Is the microbiome in your gut part of you?
62
Because in the last couple of decades, scientists have started to work out that the bacteria in your digestive system produce and consume neurotransmitters that affect how you think.
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But most people wouldn't consider their gut bacteria to be part of them.
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We tend to ascribe intelligence and identity to things that act at roughly our scale.
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It's easy to look at the hive, see the moving boxes, and go, OK, 2 ,000 robots.
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But with only one controller, and the boxes just following the paths they're given, I'd say there's a good argument that that is one robot with 2 ,000 ways to interact with the world.
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Thank you so much to everyone here at Ocado.
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There is a link to them and more about their technology in the description.
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Thank you.
הורד אפליקציה
כל מה שאתה צריך כדי לדבר בשטף
הגיית AIציון לכל משפט
תרגול IPAשלוט בכל צליל
אוצר מיליםבנה את מאגר המילים שלך
משחק אוצר מיליםלמד תוך כדי משחק
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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה
שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה B2 מבוסס על הסרטון “How many robots does it take to run a grocery store?”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: bot, hive, grid, robot, product. בסרטון הזה יש 69 משפטים ו-1015 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 5:07. הדובר מדבר מהר, כ-198 מילים בדקה, אז צפו לצלילים מחוברים ומקוצרים. 83% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית; כדאי ללמוד את השאר לפני שמתחילים.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
15 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| grid שם עצם | /ɡɹɪd/ | רֶשֶׁת |
| bot שם עצם | /bɑt/ | בּוֹט |
| warehouse שם עצם | /ˈwɛə(ɹ)haʊs/ | מַחְסָן |
| bacterium שם עצם | /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/ | חַיְדַּק \ חידק |
| ascribe פועל | /əˈskɹaɪb/ | ייחס, יִחֵס |
| blurry שם תואר | /ˈblɜːɹi/ | מטושטש |
| termite שם עצם | /ˈtɜː(ɹ).maɪt/ | טרמיט |
| organism שם עצם | /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/ | אוֹרְגָּנִיזְם, יְצוּר |
| groceries שם עצם | /ˈɡɹoʊ.s(ə.)ɹiz/ | מִצְרָכִים, קְנִיּוֹת |
| fragile שם תואר | /ˈfɹæd͡ʒəl/ | שביר |
| consume פועל | /kənˈsum/ | צרך |
| combine פועל | /kəmˈbaɪn/ | ערבב, שילב |
| boundary שם עצם | /ˈbaʊndɹi/ | גְּבוּל |
| laser שם עצם | /ˈleɪzɚ/ | לייזר \ לֵיְזֶר |
| depend פועל | /dɪˈpɛnd/ | היה תלוי |
Phrasal verbs שתשמעו
| מילה | משמעות |
|---|---|
| pick up פועל | הרים, אסף |
משפטים שכדאי לחזור עליהם
משפטים קצרים ושלמים מהסרטון שאפשר להשתמש בהם בשיחה יומיומית:
- What you're looking at behind me is the hive.
- We've got the grid, which is the metal structure.
- Is the microbiome in your gut part of you?
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | is housed · be delivered · is done |
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | have ordered · I've passed · have started |
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
הדובר משתמש ב-15 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו I've, they're, can't. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: bacterium /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/, fragile /ˈfɹæd͡ʒəl/, grasp /ɡɹæsp/, interact /ɪn.təˈɹækt/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: grid /ɡɹɪd/, grocery /ˈɡɹəʊ.s(ə.)ɹi/, warehouse /ˈwɛə(ɹ)haʊs/, bacterium /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/, controller /kənˈtɹoʊlɚ/
- עיצור קולי בסוף מילה — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ בלי להפוך אותם לאטומים: hive /haɪv/, grid /ɡɹɪd/, ascribe /əˈskɹaɪb/, digestive /daɪˈdʒɛstɪv/, groceries /ˈɡɹoʊ.s(ə.)ɹiz/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- התחילו במהירות 0.75×, תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט, וחזרו למהירות רגילה כשזה מרגיש קל.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו grid, bot, warehouse.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.