Pratica di Shadowing: How many robots does it take to run a grocery store? - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
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This is a grocery packing warehouse in the south -east of London.
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Folks have ordered their groceries online, and instead of people walking up and down the aisles of a traditional grocery store to pick up items,
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these little devices move more than a million items every day between them.
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Instead of trying to build machines that fit into a world designed for humans, this entire facility, the size of seven football fields, is custom -built to make this as efficient as possible.
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I cannot get across on camera just how incredibly large this whole place is.
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The top speed of those boxes is about 14km an hour, and they pass within 5mm of each other when they move.
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So, how many robots are there in the hive?
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Well, that depends on how you count them.
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What you're looking at behind me is the hive.
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We've got the grid, which is the metal structure.
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It's filled with products, so that product is housed within what we call totes, or these open boxes that you can see at the top of the grid.
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We have around 2 ,300 bots and they move the stock around the warehouse
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so that we can pair it up with customer orders to be delivered.
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The bots will move in the X and Y direction.
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They can also move in the Z direction.
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So we have a cable poise system that means
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that they can lower down a gripper assembly and grab onto the stock that we have in the grid.
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In some areas we have as deep as 21 totes all in a line.
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We have sensors underneath the bot that mean
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that every time it passes over one of the squares on the grid it has a laser underneath it
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that can tell when it moves over that cell.
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So it will say I've passed a cell, I've passed a cell, I've passed a cell.
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We have around 58 ,000 different types of individual products within the grid.
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We'll use the huge amounts of data
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that we gather to understand what customers are most likely to order
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and place them in the easiest to reach locations for bots.
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All of that combined means that we can have stock into the warehouse
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and out again from our suppliers into a delivery van in just five hours.
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The robots deliver their crates over to the packing area.
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Some of that packing is done by humans, but there are mechanical arms as well.
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One of the big problems they've got to solve is
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that grocery packaging is designed for people and the interactions between all the objects they deal with can be complicated.
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Currently we're standing underneath the grid structure that we saw earlier.
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The robots that we saw are actually dropping off products to the station.
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Once they're dropped off they become in control of the robot
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and the robot decides how to pick them before the grid robot picks up the tote and takes it away again.
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There's two 3D cameras above the totes so it takes an image of the storage box before it picks from it.
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It decides on the best grasp point, confirm that the product is correct and then place it into the customer shopping
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and it's doing all of that on live customer orders.
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We make sure that we don't mix something that was heavy with something that's soft.
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There are things that the robot can't pack, things such as very, very heavy, very large, or very fragile items, but there's a lot of range in between that.
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It's fairly safe to call each individual packing arm a robot.
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Each one has a separate controller and it has to make a lot of decisions in real time, using cameras and sensors on each individual arm.
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But here in the Hive, it's not quite as simple.
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Controlling all of this is what we refer to as the Hive Mind, so this artificial intelligence system that controls everything.
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Once the stop comes in, from that exact point that it enters the system, the hive mind will track its every single movement.
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The hive mind will tell the bots exactly where they need to stop, but it is the bots control system
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that allows it to follow a movement profile and stop exactly as the hive mind expects it to.
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There's just a 5mm gap between bots, so that's both as they pass each other and if they stop next to a bot as well.
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This bot with the orange light may have experienced something within its sensors
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and all of those readings it's taking that when it feeds
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that back to the hive mind it's not quite what the hive mind was expecting
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so it just brings it to a safe stop for investigation.
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We do have a number of grid operators
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that sit at the edge of the grid
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and they're able to use our CCTV system
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that we have above the grid to look at exactly what's going on with
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that bot and they can try and fix that remotely and send commands to the bot wirelessly.
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The boundary between individual and group is a little blurry.
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Is a termite colony a collection of individuals working together, or one big super -organism?
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Is the microbiome in your gut part of you?
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Because in the last couple of decades, scientists have started to work out that the bacteria in your digestive system produce and consume neurotransmitters that affect how you think.
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But most people wouldn't consider their gut bacteria to be part of them.
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We tend to ascribe intelligence and identity to things that act at roughly our scale.
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It's easy to look at the hive, see the moving boxes, and go, OK, 2 ,000 robots.
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But with only one controller, and the boxes just following the paths they're given, I'd say there's a good argument that that is one robot with 2 ,000 ways to interact with the world.
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Thank you so much to everyone here at Ocado.
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There is a link to them and more about their technology in the description.
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Thank you.
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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questa lezione di conversazione di livello B2 si basa sul video “How many robots does it take to run a grocery store?”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: bot, hive, grid, robot, product. Questo video contiene 69 frasi e 1015 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 5:07. Chi parla va veloce, circa 198 parole al minuto: aspettati suoni legati e ridotti. Il 83% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese; conviene studiare le altre prima di iniziare.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
Le 15 parole più avanzate del video, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| grid sostantivo | /ɡɹɪd/ | griglia, grata |
| sensor sostantivo | /ˈsɛn.sɚ/ | sensore |
| warehouse sostantivo | /ˈwɛə(ɹ)haʊs/ | magazzino |
| bacterium sostantivo | /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/ | batterio |
| controller sostantivo | /kənˈtɹoʊlɚ/ | controllore, revisore |
| ascribe verbo | /əˈskɹaɪb/ | ascrivere |
| blurry aggettivo | /ˈblɜːɹi/ | sfocato |
| termite sostantivo | /ˈtɜː(ɹ).maɪt/ | termite |
| organism sostantivo | /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/ | organismo |
| groceries sostantivo | /ˈɡɹoʊ.s(ə.)ɹiz/ | spesa |
| aisle sostantivo | /aɪ̯l/ | collaterale, navata laterale |
| remotely avverbio | /ɹɪˈmoʊtli/ | da remoto |
| supplier sostantivo | /səˈplaɪə/ | fornitore, fornitrice |
| fragile aggettivo | /ˈfɹæd͡ʒəl/ | fragile |
| consume verbo | /kənˈsum/ | consumare |
I phrasal verb che sentirai
| Parola | Significato |
|---|---|
| drop off verbo | addormentarsi, appisolarsi |
| pick up verbo | tirare su, sollevare |
| get across verbo | attraversare |
Frasi da ripetere
Frasi brevi e complete del video che puoi riutilizzare nella conversazione di tutti i giorni:
- What you're looking at behind me is the hive.
- We've got the grid, which is the metal structure.
- Is the microbiome in your gut part of you?
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa | is housed · be delivered · is done |
| Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso | have ordered · I've passed · have started |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
Chi parla usa 15 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come I've, they're, can't. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.
I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:
- /h/ — va soffiata, non è muta: hive /haɪv/, warehouse /ˈwɛə(ɹ)haʊs/
- Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: hive /haɪv/, grid /ɡɹɪd/, bot /bɑt/, tote /toʊt/, warehouse /ˈwɛə(ɹ)haʊs/
- /æ/ — più aperta della “e”: bacterium /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/, fragile /ˈfɹæd͡ʒəl/, grasp /ɡɹæsp/, interact /ɪn.təˈɹækt/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Inizia a velocità 0,75×, fai shadowing frase per frase e torna alla velocità normale quando diventa facile.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come grid, sensor, warehouse.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.