쉐도잉 연습: How many robots does it take to run a grocery store? - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
레슨 만드는 중...
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This is a grocery packing warehouse in the south -east of London.
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Folks have ordered their groceries online, and instead of people walking up and down the aisles of a traditional grocery store to pick up items,
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these little devices move more than a million items every day between them.
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Instead of trying to build machines that fit into a world designed for humans, this entire facility, the size of seven football fields, is custom -built to make this as efficient as possible.
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I cannot get across on camera just how incredibly large this whole place is.
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The top speed of those boxes is about 14km an hour, and they pass within 5mm of each other when they move.
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So, how many robots are there in the hive?
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Well, that depends on how you count them.
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What you're looking at behind me is the hive.
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We've got the grid, which is the metal structure.
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It's filled with products, so that product is housed within what we call totes, or these open boxes that you can see at the top of the grid.
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We have around 2 ,300 bots and they move the stock around the warehouse
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so that we can pair it up with customer orders to be delivered.
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The bots will move in the X and Y direction.
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They can also move in the Z direction.
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So we have a cable poise system that means
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that they can lower down a gripper assembly and grab onto the stock that we have in the grid.
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In some areas we have as deep as 21 totes all in a line.
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We have sensors underneath the bot that mean
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that every time it passes over one of the squares on the grid it has a laser underneath it
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that can tell when it moves over that cell.
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So it will say I've passed a cell, I've passed a cell, I've passed a cell.
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We have around 58 ,000 different types of individual products within the grid.
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We'll use the huge amounts of data
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that we gather to understand what customers are most likely to order
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and place them in the easiest to reach locations for bots.
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All of that combined means that we can have stock into the warehouse
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and out again from our suppliers into a delivery van in just five hours.
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The robots deliver their crates over to the packing area.
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Some of that packing is done by humans, but there are mechanical arms as well.
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One of the big problems they've got to solve is
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that grocery packaging is designed for people and the interactions between all the objects they deal with can be complicated.
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Currently we're standing underneath the grid structure that we saw earlier.
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The robots that we saw are actually dropping off products to the station.
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Once they're dropped off they become in control of the robot
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and the robot decides how to pick them before the grid robot picks up the tote and takes it away again.
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There's two 3D cameras above the totes so it takes an image of the storage box before it picks from it.
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It decides on the best grasp point, confirm that the product is correct and then place it into the customer shopping
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and it's doing all of that on live customer orders.
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We make sure that we don't mix something that was heavy with something that's soft.
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There are things that the robot can't pack, things such as very, very heavy, very large, or very fragile items, but there's a lot of range in between that.
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It's fairly safe to call each individual packing arm a robot.
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Each one has a separate controller and it has to make a lot of decisions in real time, using cameras and sensors on each individual arm.
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But here in the Hive, it's not quite as simple.
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Controlling all of this is what we refer to as the Hive Mind, so this artificial intelligence system that controls everything.
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Once the stop comes in, from that exact point that it enters the system, the hive mind will track its every single movement.
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The hive mind will tell the bots exactly where they need to stop, but it is the bots control system
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that allows it to follow a movement profile and stop exactly as the hive mind expects it to.
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There's just a 5mm gap between bots, so that's both as they pass each other and if they stop next to a bot as well.
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This bot with the orange light may have experienced something within its sensors
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and all of those readings it's taking that when it feeds
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that back to the hive mind it's not quite what the hive mind was expecting
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so it just brings it to a safe stop for investigation.
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We do have a number of grid operators
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that sit at the edge of the grid
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and they're able to use our CCTV system
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that we have above the grid to look at exactly what's going on with
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that bot and they can try and fix that remotely and send commands to the bot wirelessly.
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The boundary between individual and group is a little blurry.
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Is a termite colony a collection of individuals working together, or one big super -organism?
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Is the microbiome in your gut part of you?
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Because in the last couple of decades, scientists have started to work out that the bacteria in your digestive system produce and consume neurotransmitters that affect how you think.
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But most people wouldn't consider their gut bacteria to be part of them.
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We tend to ascribe intelligence and identity to things that act at roughly our scale.
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It's easy to look at the hive, see the moving boxes, and go, OK, 2 ,000 robots.
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But with only one controller, and the boxes just following the paths they're given, I'd say there's a good argument that that is one robot with 2 ,000 ways to interact with the world.
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Thank you so much to everyone here at Ocado.
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There is a link to them and more about their technology in the description.
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Thank you.
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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트
이 B2 수준 말하기 레슨은 영상 “How many robots does it take to run a grocery store?”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: bot, hive, grid, robot, product. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 69개와 단어 1015개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 5:07입니다. 화자는 분당 약 198단어로 빠르게 말하므로 연음과 약하게 발음되는 소리가 많습니다. 단어의 83%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속합니다. 나머지는 연습 전에 미리 확인해 두세요.
이 영상의 핵심 어휘
영상에서 가장 어려운 단어 14개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 단어 | 발음 | 뜻 |
|---|---|---|
| grid 명사 | /ɡɹɪd/ | 격자, 그리드 |
| bot 명사 | /bɑt/ | 봇 |
| sensor 명사 | /ˈsɛn.sɚ/ | 센서 |
| warehouse 명사 | /ˈwɛə(ɹ)haʊs/ | 창고 |
| bacterium 명사 | /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/ | 세균, 박테리아 |
| neurotransmitter 명사 | 신경전달물질 | |
| termite 명사 | /ˈtɜː(ɹ).maɪt/ | 흰개미 |
| organism 명사 | /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/ | 생물, 유기체 |
| aisle 명사 | /aɪ̯l/ | 통로 |
| supplier 명사 | /səˈplaɪə/ | 공급자 |
| fragile 형용사 | /ˈfɹæd͡ʒəl/ | 깨지기 쉬운, 파손주의 |
| combine 동사 | /kəmˈbaɪn/ | 조합하다, 결합하다 |
| laser 명사 | /ˈleɪzɚ/ | 레이저 |
| depend 동사 | /dɪˈpɛnd/ | 의존하다, ...에 달려 있다 |
영상에 나오는 구동사
| 단어 | 뜻 |
|---|---|
| drop off 동사 | 떨어지다 |
| pick up 동사 | 줍다 |
따라 말해 볼 만한 문장
영상에 나오는 짧고 완결된 문장으로, 일상 대화에서 그대로 쓸 수 있습니다:
- What you're looking at behind me is the hive.
- We've got the grid, which is the metal structure.
- Is the microbiome in your gut part of you?
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| 수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점 | is housed · be delivered · is done |
| 현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때 | have ordered · I've passed · have started |
주의할 발음
화자는 I've, they're, can't 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 15번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.
한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:
- /v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: hive /haɪv/, digestive /daɪˈdʒɛstɪv/
- /z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: organism /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/, groceries /ˈɡɹoʊ.s(ə.)ɹiz/, laser /ˈleɪzɚ/
- /r/과 /l/ 구별하기: controller /kənˈtɹoʊlɚ/, blurry /ˈblɜːɹi/, remotely /ɹɪˈmoʊtli/, fragile /ˈfɹæd͡ʒəl/
이 영상으로 연습하는 방법
- 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
- 0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
- 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, grid, bot, sensor 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.