シャドーイング練習: This Video Is 2D And 3D Simultaneously: the Pulfrich Effect - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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This video is in 3D.

Really, it is.

If you get a pair of sunglasses and you just cover your right eye, you should see a 3D effect.

I mean, assuming both your eyes work, obviously.

Sorry, if they don't.

The effect will work best on a big, bright screen, in a bright room, wearing dark sunglasses, and if your device is playing this at a high frame rate.

If you're just kind of lying in bed, squinting and holding your phone out, it probably won't work.

Also, you'd look ridiculous.

Normal 3D video works by sending a different picture to each eye.

Those two simultaneous images, one for the left eye, one for the right, are called a stereo pair, and they simulate what you would see with two eyes.

So, you display two images on the same screen at the same time, and then you use filters to show only one to each eye.

And that might be using a red and blue image in coloured filters, or weird tech glasses where each lens goes opaque 60 times a second, or, in a modern cinema,

glasses that filter using polarized light.

But because there have to be two separate images on the same screen at the same time, for anyone not wearing those glasses, it's a confusing mess.

But this video here works as a normal 2D video as well, at the same time, and the reason is something called the Pulfric effect,

named after Karl Pulfric, the German optometrist who first documented it in the early 20th century.

Your eyes and brain take a little bit longer to process dark images than light ones.

Now exactly how long depends on the relative brightness of the images, but usually roughly around the length of one frame of video,

which is pretty useful for something first noted nearly a century ago.

If you put dark sunglasses over your right eye, then the image from that eye will get delayed by about one frame on its way through your brain.

So you end up seeing two different images, one frame apart, in time.

But that's not enough to create a stereo pair on its own.

The other ingredient is the bizarre, nausea -inducing, moving camera.

Because that camera has constantly been in motion, your right eye has been lagging behind by about one frame, just as if there was a second camera just to the right of that one,

giving you a separate stereo image to your right eye.

Now, that's a stereo pair, so if we stop the camera rotating, the effect disappears and everyone can take a breath.

That also works by moving the objects in the frame.

That's why, earlier, the cutaways I used had constantly moving backgrounds.

And sure, it's not perfect 3D, but your brain fills in the gaps.

The Pulp Rik effect works well enough that it's been used for TV shows occasionally and for a couple of video games.

In the 90s, the BBC had a special series of 3D shows for a charity telethon, including one of the worst Doctor Who productions ever made.

Who's that terrible woman?

But if you look at it, in every shot, something in the foreground moves left to right, and something in the background moves right to left, constantly.

So because every camera shot has to be carefully planned, and in constant motion, you won't see Pulp Frick Effect videos in the cinema any time soon,

it isn't practical for anything more than quick, short gimmicks.

Gimmicks like this video.

You can take the sunglasses off.

One take!

Wait, did I go the right way there?

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このB2レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「This Video Is 2D And 3D Simultaneously: the Pulfrich Effect」を教材にしています。繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：eye, image, frame, effect, camera。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が40文、単語が611語あります。音声の長さは3:29です。話す速さは1分あたり約175語で、日常会話に近い自然なペースです。単語の85%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。

この動画の重要語彙

動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
sunglasses 名詞		サングラス
gimmick 名詞	/ˈɡɪm.ɪk/	仕掛け, 絡繰り
cinema 名詞	/ˈsɪn.ə.mə/	映画館
foreground 名詞	/ˈfɔː(ɹ)ˌɡɹaʊnd/	前景
opaque 形容詞	/əʊˈpeɪk/	不透明な
optometrist 名詞	/ɑpˈtɑmətɹɪst/	検眼士
simulate 動詞	/ˈsɪm.jə.lət/	シミュレートする
squint 動詞	/skwɪnt/	目を細めて見る
simultaneous 形容詞	/ˌsaɪ̯.məlˈteɪ̯.ni.əs/	同時の
nausea 名詞	/ˈnɔzi.ə/	吐き気, 酔い
brightness 名詞	/ˈbɹaɪtnəs/	明るさ
rotate 動詞	/ˈɹoʊ.teɪt/	回る
lag 動詞	/læɡ/	立ち遅れる
confuse 動詞	/kənˈfjuːz/	混乱させる
ingredient 名詞	/ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/	成分, 原材料

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる	are called · been used · be carefully planned
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している	has constantly been · it's been

注意したい発音

話し手はwon't, don't, isn'tなど、短縮形や弱形を6回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: optometrist /ɑpˈtɑmətɹɪst/, simultaneous /ˌsaɪ̯.məlˈteɪ̯.ni.əs/, ingredient /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

/f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: foreground /ˈfɔː(ɹ)ˌɡɹaʊnd/, confuse /kənˈfjuːz/
子音の連続 — 間に母音を入れない: stereo /ˈstɛəɹ.i.oʊ/, foreground /ˈfɔː(ɹ)ˌɡɹaʊnd/, optometrist /ɑpˈtɑmətɹɪst/, squint /skwɪnt/, brightness /ˈbɹaɪtnəs/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。sunglasses, gimmick, cinemaなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: This Video Is 2D And 3D Simultaneously: the Pulfrich Effect - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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