シャドーイング練習: Michael Swan: What you can't say without grammar (Part 3/6) - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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What's interesting there is that we've actually made sentences without no grammar.
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What's interesting there is that we've actually made sentences without no grammar.
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That's to say, we've been able to combine words to express,
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to refer to events and situations.
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Baby falling down, for instance,
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is going to rain tomorrow.
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We're doing things that sentences do with no grammar.
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So, maybe that's all we need.
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Vocabulary combined with common sense and world knowledge.
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If not, why not?
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Are there any things that we would want to say,
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any things we'd want to express,
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any fundamental things we'd want to express that cannot be expressed just with vocabulary like we've been using?
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One is what goes with what.
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If you've got words like,
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if you've got two chiefs or if you've got...
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Suppose you've got bear, big and cave together.
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You've no way of showing which is big, have you?
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Either the bear or the cave.
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I mean, I chose my examples very carefully so that that kind of problem didn't come up.
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But of course it does come up in real language what goes with what
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and relationships of various kinds think of this
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if I said neck Sib Ross neck is kill Sib is sister Ross is bear
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if I said neck Sib Ross what would it mean You don't know who's dead.
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Or maybe it's an instruction.
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Yeah, yeah, okay.
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You don't know who's dead because there's no word order to say who does it,
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who gets it done to them.
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So that cause-effect relationship doesn't work.
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It might be an instruction that we've only been doing declarative sentences, nothing else.
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There are really three problems, I think.
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There's the what goes with what problem.
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Roles and relationships of different kinds can be cause and effect.
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It can also be spatial if you want to say that one thing is under another.
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If you put together the two different words and under,
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you'd have no way of knowing which was under which.
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Time, the same A before B,
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but without a rule for interpreting that.
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You've got no way of knowing what's before what.
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And modality, we just did sentences, simple declarative sentences.
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We hadn't got a way of showing that something is a question or negation or an instruction or a guess or whatever.
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So we have actually come up against some problems.
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We've discovered that there are some important things we can't express in our little language that's just got vocabulary.
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So we need to solve them, don't we?
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Could you please, while I shut up again,
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choose one or more of those problems and think of a way of solving it?
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I'm sure you've done that.
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What can we do then to solve these problems?
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Punctuate.
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Did you ever hear that wonderful sketch by Victor Borger called phonetic punctuation?
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Yeah, yeah.
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Yeah, well for commas you got quotation marks.
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The thing is we're 500,000 years ago and writing was invented about 6,000 years ago.
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So we're stuck for punctuation actually.
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But we could pause couldn't we?
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Yeah.
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How would that work?
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How would you solve this problem by any of these problems by pausing?
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Sorry?
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Bare big cave.
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Okay lovely.
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So you could effectively you could group things
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that go together by putting them together and then pausing them together and then pausing before anything else comes.
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Languages actually don't seem to do that much.
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So I think they use intonation instead of pausing to make it work.
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Yeah?
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What else can you do besides pausing?
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Yes?
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Sorry?
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Word order.
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Yeah.
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You can have word order rules that would make relationships of various kinds clear.
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So you can use word order.
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You can mess words about by putting endings on them or doing other things with them.
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Anything else you can do?
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Have a word for no. You could have a...
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Yeah, you can have words that then are not outside word vocabulary at all.
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They're grammatical words.
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They show what the other words are doing.
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このレッスンについて
このレッスンでは、文法なしでの言語表現の限界について学び、実際のコミュニケーションにおける言葉の使い方を探ります。特に、文の構造や語順の重要性を理解し、言葉が状況や関係性をどのように表現するかに焦点を当てます。学習者は、文法がない場合に何が伝えられるか、あるいは伝えられないかを考えることを通じて、英語スピーキング練習の基礎を強化します。
キーワードとフレーズ
- bear（クマ）
- cave（洞窟）
- neck（首）
- siblings（兄弟姉妹）
- cause and effect（原因と結果）
- spatial relationships（空間の関係）
- modality（様態）
- punctuate（句読点を打つ）
練習のヒント
このビデオのスピードとトーンを踏まえたうえで、効果的な練習法を以下に提案します。まず、shadow speakの技術を用いて、ビデオの内容を繰り返し聞き、発音やリズムを真似してみてください。特に英語の発音を良くするためには、スピードを落として最初は音をクリアに発音することが重要です。その後、徐々にスピードを上げていき、リズムに慣れていくと良いでしょう。
また、語彙を使ったフレーズを実際に口に出してみることで、記憶を深めていきます。たとえば、「クマは洞窟の中にいる」という文を使って、言葉の関係性を意識しながら練習してみてください。このように、実際の文を作成し、それに関連するshadowspeaksのスキルを強化することで、文法の理解が深まるだけでなく、英語表現も豊かになります。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。