シャドーイング練習: Mind-bending new programming language for GPUs just dropped... - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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Yesterday, the clouds opened up, and a weird new programming language came down to Earth, with a promise of parallelism for all thou who writeth code.

This is big if true, because parallel computing is a superpower.

It allows a programmer to take a problem that could be solved in a week, and instead solve it in seven days using seven different computers.

Unfortunately, running code in parallel is like conducting a symphony.

One wrong note, and the entire thing becomes a total disaster.

But luckily, Bend offers hope by making a bold promise.

Everything that can run in parallel, will run in parallel.

You don't need to know anything about CUDA, blocks, locks, mutexes, or regexes to write algorithms that take advantage of all 24 of your CPU cores,

or even all 16 ,000 of your GPU cores.

You just write some high -level

Python -looking code, and the rest is magic.

It is May 17th, 2024, and you're watching the Code Report.

When you write code in a language like

Python, your code runs on a single thread.

That means only one thing can happen at a time.

It's like going to a KFC with only one employee who takes the order, cleans the toilets, and cooks the food in that order.

Now, on a modern CPU, you might have a clock cycle around 4 gigahertz, and if it's handling one instruction per cycle,

you're only able to perform 4 billion instructions per second.

Now, if 4 Gips is not enough, you can modify your Python code to take advantage of multiple threads,

but it adds a lot of complexity to your code.

And there's all kinds of gotchas, like race conditions, deadlocks, thread starvation, and may even lead to conflicts with demons.

Even if you do manage to get it working, you might find that your CPU just doesn't have enough juice at

which point you look into using the thousands of CUDA cores on your GPU.

But now you'll need to write some C++ code and likely blow your leg off in the process.

Well, what if there is a language that just knew how to run things in parallel by default?

That's the promise of Bend.

Imagine we have a computation that adds two completely random numbers together.

In Python, the interpreter is going to convert this into bytecode, and then eventually run it on the Python virtual machine.

Pretty simple, but in Bend, things are a little more complex.

The elements of the computation are structured into a graph, which are called interaction combinators.

You can think of it as a big network of all the computations that need to be done.

When two nodes run into each other, the computation progresses by following a simple set of rules

that rewrite the computation in a way that can be done in parallel.

It continues this pattern until all computations are done, then merges the result back into whatever expression was returned from the function.

This concept of interaction combinators goes all the way back to the 1990s, and is implemented in a runtime called the higher -order virtual machine.

HVM is not meant to be used directly, and that's why they built

Bend, a high -level language, to interface with it.

And the language itself is implemented in Rust.

Its syntax is very similar to Python, and we can write a hello world by defining a main function that returns a string.

Now to execute this code, we can pull up the terminal and use the ben run command.

By default, this is going to use the Rust interpreter, which will execute it sequentially, just like any other boring language.

But now here's where things get interesting.

Imagine we have an algorithm that needs to count a bunch of numbers and then add them together.

The first thing that might blow your mind is that bend does not have loops.

Like, we can't just do a for loop like we would in Python.

Instead, bend has something entirely different called a fold that works like a search and replace for data types.

And any algorithm that requires a loop can be replaced with a fold.

Basically, a fold allows you to consume recursive data types in parallel, like a list or a tree.

But first, we need to construct a recursive data type.

And for that, we have the bend keyword, which is like the opposite of fold.

Now, if that's a little too mind -bending, maybe check out my back catalog for recursion in 100 seconds.

But now let's see what this looks like from a performance standpoint.

When I try to run this algorithm on a single thread, it takes forever, like 10 minutes or more.

However, I can run the same code without any modification whatsoever with the bend run C command.

When I do that, it's now utilizing all 24 threads on my CPU.

And now it only takes about 30 seconds to run the computation.

That's a huge improvement, but I think we can still do better.

Because I'm a baller, I have an NVIDIA RTX 4090, and once again, I can run this code without any modification on CUDA with bendrun -cu.

And now this code only takes one and a half seconds to run, and I'll just go ahead and drop the mic right there.

This has been the Code Report, thanks for watching, and I will see you in the next one.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Mind-bending new programming language for GPUs just dropped..」を教材にしています。繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：code, bend, computation, Python, parallel。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が60文、単語が904語あります。音声の長さは4:00です。話す速さは速く、1分あたり約226語です。音のつながりや弱く発音される音が多くなります。英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は77%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
bend 動詞	/bɛnd/	曲げる
parallel 形容詞	/ˈpæ.ɹəˌlɛl/	平行の
thread 名詞	/ˈθɹɛd/	糸
fold 動詞	/ˈfəʊld/	折る, 畳む
algorithm 名詞	/ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/	アルゴリズム, 演算手順
loop 名詞	/luːp/	ループ
solve 動詞	/sɒlv/	解決する
virtual 形容詞	/ˈvɜɹt͡ʃuəl/	事実上の
default 名詞	/dɪˈfɔlt/	デフォルト
interaction 名詞	/ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/	相互作用
implement 動詞	/ˈɪmpləmənt/	実行する, 実現する
instruction 名詞	/ɪnˈstɹʌkʃən/	指示
execute 動詞	/ˈɛksɪˌkjuːt/	処刑する, 消す
cloud 名詞	/ˈklaʊ̯d/	雲, 雲霞
element 名詞	/ˈɛləmənt/	要素, エレメント

動画に出てくる句動詞

単語	発音	意味
check out 動詞		試験する, 検査する
go ahead 動詞	/ˌɡoʊ əˈhɛd/	どうぞお先に
pull up 動詞	/ˌpʊl ˈʌp/	引き上げる

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる	could be solved · are structured · be done
関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える	graph, which are · interpreter, which will · keyword, which is

注意したい発音

話し手はyou're, can't, doesn'tなど、短縮形や弱形を8回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

「th」の音: thread /ˈθɹɛd/, algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/
「sh」と「zh」の音: interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, instruction /ɪnˈstɹʌkʃən/, modification /ˌmɑdɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, starvation /stɑɹˈveɪʃən/, computation /ˌkɑmpjʊˈteɪʃn̩/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, modification /ˌmɑdɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, interpreter /ɪnˈtɝ.pɹɪ.tɚ/, complexity /kəmˈplɛk.sɪ.ti/, whatsoever /ˌ(h)wʌtsoʊˈɛvɚ/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

/r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: parallel /ˈpæ.ɹəˌlɛl/, algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/, virtual /ˈvɜɹt͡ʃuəl/, parallelism /ˈpaɹəlɛlɪz(ə)m/
/v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: solve /sɒlv/, virtual /ˈvɜɹt͡ʃuəl/, convert /kənˈvɝt/, whatsoever /ˌ(h)wʌtsoʊˈɛvɚ/, starvation /stɑɹˈveɪʃən/
/f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: fold /ˈfəʊld/, default /dɪˈfɔlt/, modification /ˌmɑdɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, define /dɪˈfaɪn/, interface /ˈɪn(t)ɚˌfeɪs/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。bend, parallel, threadなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: Mind-bending new programming language for GPUs just dropped... - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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