Prática de Shadowing: Mind-bending new programming language for GPUs just dropped... - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Yesterday, the clouds opened up, and a weird new programming language came down to Earth, with a promise of parallelism for all thou who writeth code.
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This is big if true, because parallel computing is a superpower.
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It allows a programmer to take a problem that could be solved in a week, and instead solve it in seven days using seven different computers.
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Unfortunately, running code in parallel is like conducting a symphony.
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One wrong note, and the entire thing becomes a total disaster.
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But luckily, Bend offers hope by making a bold promise.
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Everything that can run in parallel, will run in parallel.
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You don't need to know anything about CUDA, blocks, locks, mutexes, or regexes to write algorithms that take advantage of all 24 of your CPU cores,
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or even all 16 ,000 of your GPU cores.
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You just write some high -level
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Python -looking code, and the rest is magic.
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It is May 17th, 2024, and you're watching the Code Report.
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When you write code in a language like
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Python, your code runs on a single thread.
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That means only one thing can happen at a time.
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It's like going to a KFC with only one employee who takes the order, cleans the toilets, and cooks the food in that order.
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Now, on a modern CPU, you might have a clock cycle around 4 gigahertz, and if it's handling one instruction per cycle,
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you're only able to perform 4 billion instructions per second.
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Now, if 4 Gips is not enough, you can modify your Python code to take advantage of multiple threads,
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but it adds a lot of complexity to your code.
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And there's all kinds of gotchas, like race conditions, deadlocks, thread starvation, and may even lead to conflicts with demons.
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Even if you do manage to get it working, you might find that your CPU just doesn't have enough juice at
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which point you look into using the thousands of CUDA cores on your GPU.
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But now you'll need to write some C++ code and likely blow your leg off in the process.
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Well, what if there is a language that just knew how to run things in parallel by default?
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That's the promise of Bend.
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Imagine we have a computation that adds two completely random numbers together.
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In Python, the interpreter is going to convert this into bytecode, and then eventually run it on the Python virtual machine.
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Pretty simple, but in Bend, things are a little more complex.
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The elements of the computation are structured into a graph, which are called interaction combinators.
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You can think of it as a big network of all the computations that need to be done.
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When two nodes run into each other, the computation progresses by following a simple set of rules
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that rewrite the computation in a way that can be done in parallel.
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It continues this pattern until all computations are done, then merges the result back into whatever expression was returned from the function.
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This concept of interaction combinators goes all the way back to the 1990s, and is implemented in a runtime called the higher -order virtual machine.
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HVM is not meant to be used directly, and that's why they built
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Bend, a high -level language, to interface with it.
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And the language itself is implemented in Rust.
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Its syntax is very similar to Python, and we can write a hello world by defining a main function that returns a string.
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Now to execute this code, we can pull up the terminal and use the ben run command.
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By default, this is going to use the Rust interpreter, which will execute it sequentially, just like any other boring language.
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But now here's where things get interesting.
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Imagine we have an algorithm that needs to count a bunch of numbers and then add them together.
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The first thing that might blow your mind is that bend does not have loops.
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Like, we can't just do a for loop like we would in Python.
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Instead, bend has something entirely different called a fold that works like a search and replace for data types.
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And any algorithm that requires a loop can be replaced with a fold.
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Basically, a fold allows you to consume recursive data types in parallel, like a list or a tree.
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But first, we need to construct a recursive data type.
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And for that, we have the bend keyword, which is like the opposite of fold.
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Now, if that's a little too mind -bending, maybe check out my back catalog for recursion in 100 seconds.
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But now let's see what this looks like from a performance standpoint.
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When I try to run this algorithm on a single thread, it takes forever, like 10 minutes or more.
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However, I can run the same code without any modification whatsoever with the bend run C command.
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When I do that, it's now utilizing all 24 threads on my CPU.
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And now it only takes about 30 seconds to run the computation.
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That's a huge improvement, but I think we can still do better.
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Because I'm a baller, I have an NVIDIA RTX 4090, and once again, I can run this code without any modification on CUDA with bendrun -cu.
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And now this code only takes one and a half seconds to run, and I'll just go ahead and drop the mic right there.
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This has been the Code Report, thanks for watching, and I will see you in the next one.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “Mind-bending new programming language for GPUs just dropped..”. As palavras que mais se repetem: code, bend, computation, Python, parallel. Este vídeo tem 60 frases e 904 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 4:00. O falante fala rápido, cerca de 226 palavras por minuto, então espere sons ligados e reduzidos. Apenas 77% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| bend verbo | /bɛnd/ | dobrar, curvar |
| parallel adjetivo | /ˈpæ.ɹəˌlɛl/ | paralelo |
| thread substantivo | /ˈθɹɛd/ | fio, linha |
| fold verbo | /ˈfəʊld/ | dobrar |
| algorithm substantivo | /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/ | algoritmo |
| loop substantivo | /luːp/ | laço |
| solve verbo | /sɒlv/ | resolver, solucionar |
| virtual adjetivo | /ˈvɜɹt͡ʃuəl/ | virtual |
| default substantivo | /dɪˈfɔlt/ | inadimplência |
| interaction substantivo | /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/ | interação |
| implement verbo | /ˈɪmpləmənt/ | implementar |
| instruction substantivo | /ɪnˈstɹʌkʃən/ | instrução |
| execute verbo | /ˈɛksɪˌkjuːt/ | executar |
| cloud substantivo | /ˈklaʊ̯d/ | nuvem, nimbo |
| element substantivo | /ˈɛləmənt/ | fundamento |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| check out verbo | verificar, sacar só | |
| go ahead verbo | /ˌɡoʊ əˈhɛd/ | vai em frente |
| pull up verbo | /ˌpʊl ˈʌp/ | puxar para cima |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | could be solved · are structured · be done |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | graph, which are · interpreter, which will · keyword, which is |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 8 contrações e formas reduzidas, como you're, can't, doesn't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “th”: thread /ˈθɹɛd/, algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, instruction /ɪnˈstɹʌkʃən/, modification /ˌmɑdɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, starvation /stɑɹˈveɪʃən/, computation /ˌkɑmpjʊˈteɪʃn̩/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, modification /ˌmɑdɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, interpreter /ɪnˈtɝ.pɹɪ.tɚ/, complexity /kəmˈplɛk.sɪ.ti/, whatsoever /ˌ(h)wʌtsoʊˈɛvɚ/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: bend /bɛnd/, thread /ˈθɹɛd/, fold /ˈfəʊld/, loop /luːp/, default /dɪˈfɔlt/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: parallel /ˈpæ.ɹəˌlɛl/, virtual /ˈvɜɹt͡ʃuəl/, terminal /ˈtɚmɪnəl/
- s + consoante no início — sem um “i” antes: string /stɹɪŋ/, standpoint /ˈstændpɔɪnt/, starvation /stɑɹˈveɪʃən/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como bend, parallel, thread.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.