シャドーイング練習: Penguins Go MONTHS Without Feeding! | Wild Bites | BBC Earth Kids - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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There are around 20 species of penguin in the world ranging from the littlest
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which is shorter than the bowling pin at 30 centimeters from head to toe through to the iconic Emperor penguin
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which grows to four feet tall that's high enough to look over a tennis net without even standing on tiptoes.
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These birds are seriously well adapted to life in the ocean where they are masters of their environment,
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but out of the water they're not quite so masterful.
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In this video we're going to meet some of our favorite clumsy feathered friends
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and we're going to find out lots of amazing facts about these seriously chilled birds.
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Everyone knows most penguins like to keep cool, but they don't all come from the South Pole.
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You can actually find penguins in some really hot places too, like Australia, Africa and even in the Galapagos Islands, right on the equator.
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One place you'll never find penguins is the North Pole, so penguins and polar bears don't ever cross paths, except on Christmas cards.
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It may also surprise you that penguins can fly.
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Well, kind of, they just can't do it in the air.
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But when you see them underwater, you can see that they aren't so clumsy after all.
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Their wings become flippers, and their streamlined bodies become just like torpedoes, so they can truly fly through the water.
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like other birds penguins are also covered with feathers
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but their feathers have evolved to form a very dense layer of insulation to keep them nice
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and toasty just like a wetsuit
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but why do penguins have bare feet well because their bodies are kept
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so warm by their feathers
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and a layer of fatty blubber too the circulation in their feet is used to keep them from burning up
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If they're too hot, they pump blood into their feet to cool down, and if they're too cold, they send just enough blood to their feet to stop them from freezing.
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Clever, eh?
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Despite living in a freezer, penguins prefer to eat fresh food.
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They love fish, but they also eat squid, crabs, and tiny little shrimps called krill, too.
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When penguins are at sea, they can travel huge distances looking for food, but like Like all birds, they have to lay eggs to have babies, and they can't do that in the ocean.
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All penguins breed in colonies called rookeries, and some of them can be massive and very stinky too.
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Penguin poo is called guano, and there's no shortage of that around here.
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The biggest penguin rookeries are found around the Antarctic, and some are home to hundreds of thousands of birds.
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But with so many mouths to feed, penguins often have to travel up to 900 miles looking for
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food for their ridiculously cute chicks that's like traveling the length of the united kingdom just to pick up dinner
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but nothing compares to the dedication of these emperor penguins
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which breed in one of the most extreme places on earth
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the antarctic ice shelf some will walk up to 75 miles from the open water just to find the colony
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and and when they get tired of walking they toboggan on their bellies.
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The female lays just one egg and transfers it straight away to the male, who incubates it on his feet while mum goes back to the ocean to feed.
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These poor penguins have to endure one of the coldest places on earth, where the temperature drops to minus 40 degrees centigrade.
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To keep warm they form a cosy huddle, where they constantly trudge around to stop themselves from freezing.
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They even rotate so nobody gets stuck on the outside for too long.
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When the female eventually comes back, two months later, the male will not have eaten for 120 days and will have lost half of his body weight.
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Mum then takes over caring for the newly hatched chick and Dad can at last go get some food.
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He's weak with hunger so he must be careful, especially when he returns to the water which which is home to leopard seals and killer whales,
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both of which have a taste for penguins.
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But there is a much greater danger to the survival of these endearing birds.
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Climate change is putting penguins in peril.
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In 2016, the world's second largest emperor penguin colony was wiped out after an ice shelf in Antarctica collapsed.
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this was a devastating blow for one of the world's most
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lovable animals acting to reduce carbon emissions to protect our polar regions will mean
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that these penguins can always have a seriously cool place to live
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このA2レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Penguins Go MONTHS Without Feeding!」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：penguin, birds, feet, feathers, emperor。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が48文、単語が769語あります。 音声の長さは5:08です。 話す速さは1分あたり約150語で、日常会話に近い自然なペースです。 単語の81%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| penguin 名詞 | /ˈpɛŋ.ɡwɪn/ | ペンギン, 人鳥 |
| feather 名詞 | /ˈfɛðə/ | 羽 |
| emperor 名詞 | /ˈɛmp(ə)ɹə/ | 皇帝, 帝王 |
| layer 名詞 | /ˈleɪ̯ɚ/ | 層, 膜 |
| freeze 動詞 | /ˈfɹiːz/ | 凍る |
| breed 動詞 | /ˈbɹiːd/ | 育てる, 育成する |
| chick 名詞 | /t͡ʃɪk/ | 雛 |
| shelf 名詞 | /ʃɛlf/ | 棚 |
| killer 名詞 | /ˈkɪlɚ/ | 殺人者, キラー |
| egg 名詞 | /ɛɡ/ | 卵, 玉子 |
| compare 動詞 | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | 比べる, 比較する |
| survival 名詞 | /sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/ | 生存, サバイバル |
| tennis 名詞 | /ˈtɛnɪs/ | テニス, 庭球 |
| seal 名詞 | /siːl/ | 印章, はんこ |
| pump 名詞 | /pʌmp/ | ポンプ, 喞筒 |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| come back 動詞 | 戻る, 帰る | |
| cool down 動詞 | /kuːl ˈdaʊn/ | 冷める, 冷える |
| find out 動詞 | 見出す, 調べる | |
| pick up 動詞 | 拾う, 拾い上げる | |
| take over 動詞 | 引き受ける | |
| wipe out 動詞 | 一掃する |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | are also covered · are kept · is called |
| 最上級 the -est / the most … — グループの中で一番 | the littlest · The biggest · the most extreme |
| 「will」の未来表現 will + 動詞 — その場の決定、約束、予測 | you'll never find · will walk · will not have |
| 義務：must / have to / need to 何かが必要であることを伝える | have to lay · have to travel · have to endure |
注意したい発音
話し手はthey're, can't, don'tなど、短縮形や弱形を11回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: shelf /ʃɛlf/, circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, dedication /ˌdɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, shortage /ˈʃɔː(ɹ)tɪd͡ʒ/, shrimp /ʃɹɪmp/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, dedication /ˌdɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, underwater /ʌndɚˈwɔtəɹ/, insulation /ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən/, ridiculously /ɹɪˈdɪk.jə.ləs.li/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: ridiculously /ɹɪˈdɪk.jə.ləs.li/, krill /kɹɪl/, peril /ˈpɛɹɪl/, streamline /ˈstriːmlaɪn/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: survival /sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/, clever /ˈklɛv.ɚ/, evolve /ɪˈvɑlv/, devastate /ˈdɛv.ə.steɪt/, lovable /ˈlʌvəbəl/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: feather /ˈfɛðə/, freeze /ˈfɹiːz/, shelf /ʃɛlf/, freezer /ˈfɹizɚ/, flipper /ˈflɪpɚ/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。penguin, feather, emperorなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。