शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Penguins Go MONTHS Without Feeding! | Wild Bites | BBC Earth Kids - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
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There are around 20 species of penguin in the world ranging from the littlest
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which is shorter than the bowling pin at 30 centimeters from head to toe through to the iconic Emperor penguin
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which grows to four feet tall that's high enough to look over a tennis net without even standing on tiptoes.
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These birds are seriously well adapted to life in the ocean where they are masters of their environment,
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but out of the water they're not quite so masterful.
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In this video we're going to meet some of our favorite clumsy feathered friends
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and we're going to find out lots of amazing facts about these seriously chilled birds.
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Everyone knows most penguins like to keep cool, but they don't all come from the South Pole.
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You can actually find penguins in some really hot places too, like Australia, Africa and even in the Galapagos Islands, right on the equator.
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One place you'll never find penguins is the North Pole, so penguins and polar bears don't ever cross paths, except on Christmas cards.
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It may also surprise you that penguins can fly.
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Well, kind of, they just can't do it in the air.
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But when you see them underwater, you can see that they aren't so clumsy after all.
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Their wings become flippers, and their streamlined bodies become just like torpedoes, so they can truly fly through the water.
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like other birds penguins are also covered with feathers
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but their feathers have evolved to form a very dense layer of insulation to keep them nice
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and toasty just like a wetsuit
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but why do penguins have bare feet well because their bodies are kept
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so warm by their feathers
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and a layer of fatty blubber too the circulation in their feet is used to keep them from burning up
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If they're too hot, they pump blood into their feet to cool down, and if they're too cold, they send just enough blood to their feet to stop them from freezing.
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Clever, eh?
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Despite living in a freezer, penguins prefer to eat fresh food.
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They love fish, but they also eat squid, crabs, and tiny little shrimps called krill, too.
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When penguins are at sea, they can travel huge distances looking for food, but like Like all birds, they have to lay eggs to have babies, and they can't do that in the ocean.
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All penguins breed in colonies called rookeries, and some of them can be massive and very stinky too.
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Penguin poo is called guano, and there's no shortage of that around here.
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The biggest penguin rookeries are found around the Antarctic, and some are home to hundreds of thousands of birds.
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But with so many mouths to feed, penguins often have to travel up to 900 miles looking for
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food for their ridiculously cute chicks that's like traveling the length of the united kingdom just to pick up dinner
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but nothing compares to the dedication of these emperor penguins
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which breed in one of the most extreme places on earth
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the antarctic ice shelf some will walk up to 75 miles from the open water just to find the colony
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and and when they get tired of walking they toboggan on their bellies.
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The female lays just one egg and transfers it straight away to the male, who incubates it on his feet while mum goes back to the ocean to feed.
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These poor penguins have to endure one of the coldest places on earth, where the temperature drops to minus 40 degrees centigrade.
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To keep warm they form a cosy huddle, where they constantly trudge around to stop themselves from freezing.
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They even rotate so nobody gets stuck on the outside for too long.
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When the female eventually comes back, two months later, the male will not have eaten for 120 days and will have lost half of his body weight.
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Mum then takes over caring for the newly hatched chick and Dad can at last go get some food.
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He's weak with hunger so he must be careful, especially when he returns to the water which which is home to leopard seals and killer whales,
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both of which have a taste for penguins.
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But there is a much greater danger to the survival of these endearing birds.
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Climate change is putting penguins in peril.
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In 2016, the world's second largest emperor penguin colony was wiped out after an ice shelf in Antarctica collapsed.
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this was a devastating blow for one of the world's most
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lovable animals acting to reduce carbon emissions to protect our polar regions will mean
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that these penguins can always have a seriously cool place to live
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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव
यह A2 स्तर का स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “Penguins Go MONTHS Without Feeding!” पर आधारित है। सबसे ज़्यादा दोहराए गए शब्द ये हैं: penguin, birds, feet, feathers, emperor। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 48 वाक्य और 769 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 5:08 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 150 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्वाभाविक गति से बोलता है, जो रोज़मर्रा की बातचीत के करीब है। 81% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।
इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली
वीडियो के 15 सीखने लायक शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:
| शब्द | उच्चारण | अर्थ |
|---|---|---|
| penguin संज्ञा | /ˈpɛŋ.ɡwɪn/ | पेंगुइन |
| feather संज्ञा | /ˈfɛðə/ | पंख, पर |
| emperor संज्ञा | /ˈɛmp(ə)ɹə/ | सम्राट, महाराजा |
| layer संज्ञा | /ˈleɪ̯ɚ/ | परत, तह |
| freeze क्रिया | /ˈfɹiːz/ | जमना |
| chick संज्ञा | /t͡ʃɪk/ | चूज़ा |
| shelf संज्ञा | /ʃɛlf/ | तख़्ता |
| polar विशेषण | /ˈpoʊlɚ/ | ध्रुवीय |
| killer संज्ञा | /ˈkɪlɚ/ | हत्यारा, ख़ूनी |
| egg संज्ञा | /ɛɡ/ | अंडा, डिंब |
| compare क्रिया | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | तौलना |
| tennis संज्ञा | /ˈtɛnɪs/ | टेनिस |
| seal संज्ञा | /siːl/ | मोहर, मुद्रा |
| pump संज्ञा | /pʌmp/ | पंप, पम्प |
| collapse क्रिया | /kəˈlæps/ | गिरना |
वीडियो में आने वाली फ़्रेज़ल वर्ब
| शब्द | अर्थ |
|---|---|
| come back क्रिया | वापस आना |
| pick up क्रिया | उठाना |
इस वीडियो का व्याकरण
वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:
| संरचना | वीडियो में |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है | are also covered · are kept · is called |
| Superlatives the -est / the most … — समूह में सबसे ऊपर या नीचे | the littlest · The biggest · the most extreme |
| “will” से भविष्य will + क्रिया — फ़ैसला, वादा या अनुमान | you'll never find · will walk · will not have |
| ज़रूरत: must / have to / need to बताना कि कोई काम ज़रूरी है | have to lay · have to travel · have to endure |
ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण
वक्ता 11 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे they're, can't, don't। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।
- “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: shelf /ʃɛlf/, circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, dedication /ˌdɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, shortage /ˈʃɔː(ɹ)tɪd͡ʒ/, shrimp /ʃɹɪmp/
- लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, dedication /ˌdɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, underwater /ʌndɚˈwɔtəɹ/, insulation /ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən/, ridiculously /ɹɪˈdɪk.jə.ləs.li/
हिंदी भाषियों के लिए मुश्किल ध्वनियाँ:
- /v/ और /w/ का फ़र्क़ — /v/ में ऊपर के दाँत निचले होंठ को छूते हैं, /w/ में होंठ गोल होते हैं: penguin /ˈpɛŋ.ɡwɪn/, survival /sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/, clever /ˈklɛv.ɚ/, wipe /waɪp/, whale /ˈweɪl/
- /z/ — इसे “ज” (/dʒ/) न बनाएँ: freeze /ˈfɹiːz/, freezer /ˈfɹizɚ/, clumsy /ˈklʌmzi/, cosy /ˈkoʊzi/
- शब्द की शुरुआत में s + व्यंजन — पहले “इ” न जोड़ें: stinky /ˈstɪŋki/, streamline /ˈstriːmlaɪn/
इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें
- पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
- 0.75× गति से शुरू करें, एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें, और सहज लगने पर सामान्य गति पर लौटें।
- अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर penguin, feather, emperor जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।