シャドーイング練習: Scientifically Proven Best Ways to Study - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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For those of us in school who are trying to figure out the most effective way to study, science is here on hand to help.

While it has been traditionally thought by many of us over the years

that long hours in front of the computer or in the library, before an important exam, are required to maximize study time,

this is actually not the case.

So forget about long nights, with eyelids drooping over pages and pages of text,

scientific research has expressed quite clearly that that isn't the way to study smart.

And it turns out smart studying is a lot more fun than we might have thought.

So just what cool techniques work best to maximize those precious days before the big exam?

That's what we'll find out in this episode of the Infographics Show, scientifically proven best ways to study.

First of all, an unlikely helper is exercise.

Blood chemistry has been proven to change the way the brain works, as the brain, the happy recipient of vital nutrients through exercise,

repays the favor by increasing brain performance in the shape of a better and longer attention span, smoother information processing, and more fluid problem -solving skills.

How does this work?

Well, exercise releases an important blend of mood -altering hormones including dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine.

This neural cocktail greatly enhances brain performance required for study and information retention, so in between study sessions we should seriously consider hitting the gym,

swimming some laps, kicking a ball around, or even dancing a few steps, because any kind of exercise exercise greatly improves brain power.

These exercise sessions also help to break up the study sessions, which is crucial to avoiding cramming, a scientifically disproven method.

The problem with cramming is that overloaded information does not have a chance to enter the long -term memory.

Short -term memory is the free, crazy space within your brain.

Information rattles around inside there, but what we need to do is turn that information into knowledge, and that doesn't happen by cramming.

The transformation from short -term information into long -term knowledge occurs through repeated needed exposure to that information,

retelling of that information, and reflection of that information.

So if you learn about a topic, put down the book, and then hit the gym and reflect up on it,

or talk to somebody else who has knowledge on the subject,

and then you are far more likely to retain that short -term information and turn it into long -term knowledge.

You must also vary your study program.

Smart study isn't about just reading the material over and over and over again ad nauseum.

Although this may seem like the easiest way, it is totally counterproductive.

A 2010 study from Washington University compared the effectiveness of repeated testing over repeated studying

and found that testing is far more effective than simply re -reading.

So in between short exercise and study sessions, why not test yourself now and again?

Or better still, find a study partner who is tackling the same subject and test one another, compare your results, talk about them,

and continue your study program in between exercising.

There is no reason you should study completely alone, and without adequate testing, you will fail to see where the real information gaps are.

Finally, get as much sleep as you can, because sleep is crucial to brain development.

When awake for the first few hours in the day, our alpha brainwaves are most active,

which is the brain state most suited to the acquisition of information and knowledge.

A good study program should not only include exercise, short intense study sessions, and social learning, it should also include a good night's sleep and perhaps,

if your day allows it, a cheeky power nap in the afternoon.

A nap in the daytime will give you two bursts of alpha brainwaves for one day's study, and the benefit of sleep doesn't end there.

When you acquire information, brain cells grow new connections that reach out and connect with one another.

Sleep helps these cells grow and connect, so if we think of our brain as a tree, sleep is like the miracle grow,

and while we sleep, all the tiny branches will grow and flourish.

Conversely, all night study sessions do not work, as our ability to process information is hindered by our restlessness,

and the information overload is simply overbearing.

Scientific research has shown

that it can take up to four days for our brains to return back to normal after

we've been awake for an entire night.

We should also take breaks every hour and not work straight through.

Study for an hour, do some exercise, speak to a study friend, and then return to the source material.

While some experts might argue, researchers at Stanford School of Medicine agree that playing certain types of music,

such as classical, may help students engage in the source material.

While some of us prefer complete silence, an uplifting piece of non -distracting music, without lyrics, may improve mood and increase the chances of information retention.

In active learning studies, some scholars have suggested that dopamine is the brain's save button, so some light, uplifting music,

a favorite warm drink, and a box of cookies could also help us retain knowledge, as the brain, while in its reward mode,

is more receptive to whatever stimuli is present, including that study material.

Also, science has shown us that, as ridiculous as it may seem, striking a power pose before entering the exam room may be to our benefit.

So think Superman or Wonder Woman.

Put your hands on your hips, move your legs apart, chest expanded, deep breath, and say something awe -inspiring.

You may want to do this in private, like in the bathroom before a test, but this is completely your own choice.

Although you may feel stupid, and will probably look a bit odd, this posturing will reduce the stress hormone cortisol and increase testosterone,

making you scientifically stronger and better prepared for that test.

So, remember to take breaks, sleep, exercise, talk about your material with study pals,

strike a pose, and you'll be as good as ready for that test.

Are there other tried and true methods that we failed to mention?

Let us know in the comments.

Also, be sure to check out our other video called Private Schools vs Public Schools.

And as always, don't forget to like, share and subscribe.

See you next time!

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Scientifically Proven Best Ways to Study」を教材にしています。繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：study, brain, exercise, sleep, sessions。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が48文、単語が1086語あります。音声の長さは5:38です。話す速さは速く、1分あたり約193語です。音のつながりや弱く発音される音が多くなります。単語の84%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
examination 名詞	/ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/	診察, 検査
compare 動詞	/kəmˈpɛɚ/	比べる, 比較する
mood 名詞	/muːd/	気分, 気持ち
connect 動詞	/kəˈnɛkt/	繋げる
greatly 副詞	/ˈɡɹeɪ̯t.li/	大いに
alpha 名詞	/ˈæl.fə/	アルファ
awake 動詞	/əˈweɪk/	目覚める, 目を覚ます
hormone 名詞	/ˈhoɹmoʊn/	ホルモン
maximize 動詞	/ˈmæksəmaɪz/	最大化する
topic 名詞	/ˈtɑpɪk/	話題, テーマ
gap 名詞	/ɡæp/	間隙, ずれ
occur 動詞	/əˈkɜː/	起こる, 起る
technique 名詞	/tɛkˈniːk/	技術
argue 動詞	/ˈɑɹ.ɡju/	議論する, 論ずる
hip 名詞	/hɪp/	腰

動画に出てくる句動詞

単語	意味
check out 動詞	試験する, 検査する

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している	has been · has expressed · has been proven
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる	are required · has been proven · is hindered

注意したい発音

話し手はdoesn't, isn't, don'tなど、短縮形や弱形を8回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

「th」の音: smooth /smuːð/, breathe /bɹiːð/
「sh」と「zh」の音: examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, retention /ɹɪˈtɛnʃən/, exposure /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/, acquisition /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, ridiculous /ɹɪˈdɪk.jə.ləs/, acquisition /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/, transformation /ˌtɹæns.fɔɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/, traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

/r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: greatly /ˈɡɹeɪ̯t.li/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, ridiculous /ɹɪˈdɪk.jə.ləs/, reflect /ɹɪˈflɛkt/, lyrics /ˈlɪɹ.ɪks/
/v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: solve /sɒlv/, vital /ˈvaɪtəl/, vary /ˈvɛəɹi/, effectiveness /ɪˈfɛk.tɪv.nɪs/, conversely /kənˈvɝsli/
/f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: alpha /ˈæl.fə/, reflect /ɹɪˈflɛkt/, fluid /ˈflu.ɪd/, transformation /ˌtɹæns.fɔɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/, reflection /ɹɪˈflɛkʃən/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。examination, compare, moodなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: Scientifically Proven Best Ways to Study - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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