跟讀練習: Scientifically Proven Best Ways to Study - 通過影片學習英語口語

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For those of us in school who are trying to figure out the most effective way to study, science is here on hand to help.

While it has been traditionally thought by many of us over the years

that long hours in front of the computer or in the library, before an important exam, are required to maximize study time,

this is actually not the case.

So forget about long nights, with eyelids drooping over pages and pages of text,

scientific research has expressed quite clearly that that isn't the way to study smart.

And it turns out smart studying is a lot more fun than we might have thought.

So just what cool techniques work best to maximize those precious days before the big exam?

That's what we'll find out in this episode of the Infographics Show, scientifically proven best ways to study.

First of all, an unlikely helper is exercise.

Blood chemistry has been proven to change the way the brain works, as the brain, the happy recipient of vital nutrients through exercise,

repays the favor by increasing brain performance in the shape of a better and longer attention span, smoother information processing, and more fluid problem -solving skills.

How does this work?

Well, exercise releases an important blend of mood -altering hormones including dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine.

This neural cocktail greatly enhances brain performance required for study and information retention, so in between study sessions we should seriously consider hitting the gym,

swimming some laps, kicking a ball around, or even dancing a few steps, because any kind of exercise exercise greatly improves brain power.

These exercise sessions also help to break up the study sessions, which is crucial to avoiding cramming, a scientifically disproven method.

The problem with cramming is that overloaded information does not have a chance to enter the long -term memory.

Short -term memory is the free, crazy space within your brain.

Information rattles around inside there, but what we need to do is turn that information into knowledge, and that doesn't happen by cramming.

The transformation from short -term information into long -term knowledge occurs through repeated needed exposure to that information,

retelling of that information, and reflection of that information.

So if you learn about a topic, put down the book, and then hit the gym and reflect up on it,

or talk to somebody else who has knowledge on the subject,

and then you are far more likely to retain that short -term information and turn it into long -term knowledge.

You must also vary your study program.

Smart study isn't about just reading the material over and over and over again ad nauseum.

Although this may seem like the easiest way, it is totally counterproductive.

A 2010 study from Washington University compared the effectiveness of repeated testing over repeated studying

and found that testing is far more effective than simply re -reading.

So in between short exercise and study sessions, why not test yourself now and again?

Or better still, find a study partner who is tackling the same subject and test one another, compare your results, talk about them,

and continue your study program in between exercising.

There is no reason you should study completely alone, and without adequate testing, you will fail to see where the real information gaps are.

Finally, get as much sleep as you can, because sleep is crucial to brain development.

When awake for the first few hours in the day, our alpha brainwaves are most active,

which is the brain state most suited to the acquisition of information and knowledge.

A good study program should not only include exercise, short intense study sessions, and social learning, it should also include a good night's sleep and perhaps,

if your day allows it, a cheeky power nap in the afternoon.

A nap in the daytime will give you two bursts of alpha brainwaves for one day's study, and the benefit of sleep doesn't end there.

When you acquire information, brain cells grow new connections that reach out and connect with one another.

Sleep helps these cells grow and connect, so if we think of our brain as a tree, sleep is like the miracle grow,

and while we sleep, all the tiny branches will grow and flourish.

Conversely, all night study sessions do not work, as our ability to process information is hindered by our restlessness,

and the information overload is simply overbearing.

Scientific research has shown

that it can take up to four days for our brains to return back to normal after

we've been awake for an entire night.

We should also take breaks every hour and not work straight through.

Study for an hour, do some exercise, speak to a study friend, and then return to the source material.

While some experts might argue, researchers at Stanford School of Medicine agree that playing certain types of music,

such as classical, may help students engage in the source material.

While some of us prefer complete silence, an uplifting piece of non -distracting music, without lyrics, may improve mood and increase the chances of information retention.

In active learning studies, some scholars have suggested that dopamine is the brain's save button, so some light, uplifting music,

a favorite warm drink, and a box of cookies could also help us retain knowledge, as the brain, while in its reward mode,

is more receptive to whatever stimuli is present, including that study material.

Also, science has shown us that, as ridiculous as it may seem, striking a power pose before entering the exam room may be to our benefit.

So think Superman or Wonder Woman.

Put your hands on your hips, move your legs apart, chest expanded, deep breath, and say something awe -inspiring.

You may want to do this in private, like in the bathroom before a test, but this is completely your own choice.

Although you may feel stupid, and will probably look a bit odd, this posturing will reduce the stress hormone cortisol and increase testosterone,

making you scientifically stronger and better prepared for that test.

So, remember to take breaks, sleep, exercise, talk about your material with study pals,

strike a pose, and you'll be as good as ready for that test.

Are there other tried and true methods that we failed to mention?

Let us know in the comments.

Also, be sure to check out our other video called Private Schools vs Public Schools.

And as always, don't forget to like, share and subscribe.

See you next time!

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節口語課以影片“Scientifically Proven Best Ways to Study”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：study, brain, exercise, sleep, sessions。這段影片共有 48 個句子、1086 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 5:38。說話人語速較快，每分鐘約 193 個詞，會出現較多連讀和弱讀。 84% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
examination 名詞	/ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/	檢查 /檢查
compare 動詞	/kəmˈpɛɚ/	比, 比較 /比較
mood 名詞	/muːd/	心情, 情緒 /情緒
connect 動詞	/kəˈnɛkt/	連線 /連線
greatly 副詞	/ˈɡɹeɪ̯t.li/	大大
crucial 形容詞	/ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/	關鍵的 /關鍵的, 決定性的 /決定性的
alpha 名詞	/ˈæl.fə/	阿爾法 /阿爾法, 阿伐
retain 動詞	/ɹəˈteɪn/	留班, 留級 /留級
awake 動詞	/əˈweɪk/	醒, 醒來 /醒來
hormone 名詞	/ˈhoɹmoʊn/	激素, 荷爾蒙 /荷爾蒙
retention 名詞	/ɹɪˈtɛnʃən/	留用
maximize 動詞	/ˈmæksəmaɪz/	最大化
topic 名詞	/ˈtɑpɪk/	主題 /主題, 話題 /話題
gap 名詞	/ɡæp/	間隙 /間隙
occur 動詞	/əˈkɜː/	發生 /發生

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞	釋義
check out 動詞	退房
figure out 動詞	弄清楚
put down 動詞	放下
turn out 動詞	原來 /原來

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	has been · has expressed · has been proven
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	are required · has been proven · is hindered

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 8 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 doesn't, isn't, don't。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

“th” 音: smooth /smuːð/, breathe /bɹiːð/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, retention /ɹɪˈtɛnʃən/, exposure /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/, acquisition /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/
長單詞——注意重音位置: examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, ridiculous /ɹɪˈdɪk.jə.ləs/, acquisition /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/, transformation /ˌtɹæns.fɔɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/, traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

/v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: solve /sɒlv/, vital /ˈvaɪtəl/, vary /ˈvɛəɹi/, effectiveness /ɪˈfɛk.tɪv.nɪs/, conversely /kənˈvɝsli/
詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: mood /muːd/, connect /kəˈnɛkt/, awake /əˈweɪk/, pose /poʊz/, maximize /ˈmæksəmaɪz/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: greatly /ˈɡɹeɪ̯t.li/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, ridiculous /ɹɪˈdɪk.jə.ləs/, reflect /ɹɪˈflɛkt/, lyrics /ˈlɪɹ.ɪks/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 examination, compare, mood 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Scientifically Proven Best Ways to Study - 通過影片學習英語口語

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