Практика Shadowing: Scientifically Proven Best Ways to Study - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

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For those of us in school who are trying to figure out the most effective way to study, science is here on hand to help.

While it has been traditionally thought by many of us over the years

that long hours in front of the computer or in the library, before an important exam, are required to maximize study time,

this is actually not the case.

So forget about long nights, with eyelids drooping over pages and pages of text,

scientific research has expressed quite clearly that that isn't the way to study smart.

And it turns out smart studying is a lot more fun than we might have thought.

So just what cool techniques work best to maximize those precious days before the big exam?

That's what we'll find out in this episode of the Infographics Show, scientifically proven best ways to study.

First of all, an unlikely helper is exercise.

Blood chemistry has been proven to change the way the brain works, as the brain, the happy recipient of vital nutrients through exercise,

repays the favor by increasing brain performance in the shape of a better and longer attention span, smoother information processing, and more fluid problem -solving skills.

How does this work?

Well, exercise releases an important blend of mood -altering hormones including dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine.

This neural cocktail greatly enhances brain performance required for study and information retention, so in between study sessions we should seriously consider hitting the gym,

swimming some laps, kicking a ball around, or even dancing a few steps, because any kind of exercise exercise greatly improves brain power.

These exercise sessions also help to break up the study sessions, which is crucial to avoiding cramming, a scientifically disproven method.

The problem with cramming is that overloaded information does not have a chance to enter the long -term memory.

Short -term memory is the free, crazy space within your brain.

Information rattles around inside there, but what we need to do is turn that information into knowledge, and that doesn't happen by cramming.

The transformation from short -term information into long -term knowledge occurs through repeated needed exposure to that information,

retelling of that information, and reflection of that information.

So if you learn about a topic, put down the book, and then hit the gym and reflect up on it,

or talk to somebody else who has knowledge on the subject,

and then you are far more likely to retain that short -term information and turn it into long -term knowledge.

You must also vary your study program.

Smart study isn't about just reading the material over and over and over again ad nauseum.

Although this may seem like the easiest way, it is totally counterproductive.

A 2010 study from Washington University compared the effectiveness of repeated testing over repeated studying

and found that testing is far more effective than simply re -reading.

So in between short exercise and study sessions, why not test yourself now and again?

Or better still, find a study partner who is tackling the same subject and test one another, compare your results, talk about them,

and continue your study program in between exercising.

There is no reason you should study completely alone, and without adequate testing, you will fail to see where the real information gaps are.

Finally, get as much sleep as you can, because sleep is crucial to brain development.

When awake for the first few hours in the day, our alpha brainwaves are most active,

which is the brain state most suited to the acquisition of information and knowledge.

A good study program should not only include exercise, short intense study sessions, and social learning, it should also include a good night's sleep and perhaps,

if your day allows it, a cheeky power nap in the afternoon.

A nap in the daytime will give you two bursts of alpha brainwaves for one day's study, and the benefit of sleep doesn't end there.

When you acquire information, brain cells grow new connections that reach out and connect with one another.

Sleep helps these cells grow and connect, so if we think of our brain as a tree, sleep is like the miracle grow,

and while we sleep, all the tiny branches will grow and flourish.

Conversely, all night study sessions do not work, as our ability to process information is hindered by our restlessness,

and the information overload is simply overbearing.

Scientific research has shown

that it can take up to four days for our brains to return back to normal after

we've been awake for an entire night.

We should also take breaks every hour and not work straight through.

Study for an hour, do some exercise, speak to a study friend, and then return to the source material.

While some experts might argue, researchers at Stanford School of Medicine agree that playing certain types of music,

such as classical, may help students engage in the source material.

While some of us prefer complete silence, an uplifting piece of non -distracting music, without lyrics, may improve mood and increase the chances of information retention.

In active learning studies, some scholars have suggested that dopamine is the brain's save button, so some light, uplifting music,

a favorite warm drink, and a box of cookies could also help us retain knowledge, as the brain, while in its reward mode,

is more receptive to whatever stimuli is present, including that study material.

Also, science has shown us that, as ridiculous as it may seem, striking a power pose before entering the exam room may be to our benefit.

So think Superman or Wonder Woman.

Put your hands on your hips, move your legs apart, chest expanded, deep breath, and say something awe -inspiring.

You may want to do this in private, like in the bathroom before a test, but this is completely your own choice.

Although you may feel stupid, and will probably look a bit odd, this posturing will reduce the stress hormone cortisol and increase testosterone,

making you scientifically stronger and better prepared for that test.

So, remember to take breaks, sleep, exercise, talk about your material with study pals,

strike a pose, and you'll be as good as ready for that test.

Are there other tried and true methods that we failed to mention?

Let us know in the comments.

Also, be sure to check out our other video called Private Schools vs Public Schools.

And as always, don't forget to like, share and subscribe.

See you next time!

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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку

Этот урок разговорной практики построен на видео «Scientifically Proven Best Ways to Study». Чаще всего повторяются слова: study, brain, exercise, sleep, sessions. В этом видео 48 предложений и 1086 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 5:38. Говорящий говорит быстро, около 193 слов в минуту, поэтому звуки часто сливаются и сокращаются. 84% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка; остальные стоит разобрать перед занятием.

Ключевая лексика этого видео

15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:

Слово	Произношение	Значение
examination существительное	/ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/	прове́рка, иссле́дование
compare глагол	/kəmˈpɛɚ/	сра́внивать, сравни́ть
mood существительное	/muːd/	настрое́ние, расположе́ние
connect глагол	/kəˈnɛkt/	свя́зывать, связа́ть
greatly наречие	/ˈɡɹeɪ̯t.li/	си́льно, суще́ственно
crucial прилагательное	/ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/	реша́ющий, ключево́й
alpha существительное	/ˈæl.fə/	а́льфа
awake глагол	/əˈweɪk/	просыпа́ться, просну́ться
pose глагол	/poʊz/	озада́чивать, озада́чить
hormone существительное	/ˈhoɹmoʊn/	гормо́н, инкре́т
retention существительное	/ɹɪˈtɛnʃən/	удержа́ние, удержива́ние
maximize глагол	/ˈmæksəmaɪz/	увели́чивать максима́льно
topic существительное	/ˈtɑpɪk/	те́ма, предме́т
gap существительное	/ɡæp/	разры́в, проло́м
occur глагол	/əˈkɜː/	происходи́ть, произойти́

Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите

Слово	Значение
check out глагол	проверя́ть, прове́рить
figure out глагол	разбира́ться, разобра́ться
put down глагол	ста́вить, поста́вить
reach out глагол	связаться
turn out глагол	ока́зываться, оказа́ться

Грамматика в этом видео

Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:

Конструкция	В видео
Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас	has been · has expressed · has been proven
Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает	are required · has been proven · is hindered

Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание

Говорящий использует 8 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например doesn't, isn't, don't. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.

Звуки «th»: smooth /smuːð/, breathe /bɹiːð/
Звуки «sh» и «zh»: examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, retention /ɹɪˈtɛnʃən/, exposure /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/, acquisition /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/
Длинные слова — следите за ударением: examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, ridiculous /ɹɪˈdɪk.jə.ləs/, acquisition /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/, transformation /ˌtɹæns.fɔɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/, traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/

Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:

/w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: awake /əˈweɪk/, reward /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/, acquisition /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/, swim /swɪm/, acquire /əˈkwaɪɚ/
/h/ — лёгкий выдох, а не русское «х»: hormone /ˈhoɹmoʊn/, hip /hɪp/, enhance /ɪnˈhæns/, helper /ˈhɛlpɚ/, hinder /ˈhɪndɚ/
Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: mood /muːd/, pose /poʊz/, maximize /ˈmæksəmaɪz/, solve /sɒlv/, engage /ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒ/

Как заниматься с этим видео

Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как examination, compare, mood.

Что такое техника Shadowing?

Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.

Техника шедоуинга: читать полное пошаговое руководство →

Практика Shadowing: Scientifically Proven Best Ways to Study - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

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