Pratique du Shadowing: Scientifically Proven Best Ways to Study - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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For those of us in school who are trying to figure out the most effective way to study, science is here on hand to help.
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While it has been traditionally thought by many of us over the years
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that long hours in front of the computer or in the library, before an important exam, are required to maximize study time,
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this is actually not the case.
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So forget about long nights, with eyelids drooping over pages and pages of text,
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scientific research has expressed quite clearly that that isn't the way to study smart.
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And it turns out smart studying is a lot more fun than we might have thought.
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So just what cool techniques work best to maximize those precious days before the big exam?
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That's what we'll find out in this episode of the Infographics Show, scientifically proven best ways to study.
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First of all, an unlikely helper is exercise.
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Blood chemistry has been proven to change the way the brain works, as the brain, the happy recipient of vital nutrients through exercise,
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repays the favor by increasing brain performance in the shape of a better and longer attention span, smoother information processing, and more fluid problem -solving skills.
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How does this work?
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Well, exercise releases an important blend of mood -altering hormones including dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine.
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This neural cocktail greatly enhances brain performance required for study and information retention, so in between study sessions we should seriously consider hitting the gym,
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swimming some laps, kicking a ball around, or even dancing a few steps, because any kind of exercise exercise greatly improves brain power.
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These exercise sessions also help to break up the study sessions, which is crucial to avoiding cramming, a scientifically disproven method.
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The problem with cramming is that overloaded information does not have a chance to enter the long -term memory.
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Short -term memory is the free, crazy space within your brain.
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Information rattles around inside there, but what we need to do is turn that information into knowledge, and that doesn't happen by cramming.
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The transformation from short -term information into long -term knowledge occurs through repeated needed exposure to that information,
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retelling of that information, and reflection of that information.
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So if you learn about a topic, put down the book, and then hit the gym and reflect up on it,
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or talk to somebody else who has knowledge on the subject,
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and then you are far more likely to retain that short -term information and turn it into long -term knowledge.
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You must also vary your study program.
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Smart study isn't about just reading the material over and over and over again ad nauseum.
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Although this may seem like the easiest way, it is totally counterproductive.
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A 2010 study from Washington University compared the effectiveness of repeated testing over repeated studying
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and found that testing is far more effective than simply re -reading.
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So in between short exercise and study sessions, why not test yourself now and again?
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Or better still, find a study partner who is tackling the same subject and test one another, compare your results, talk about them,
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and continue your study program in between exercising.
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There is no reason you should study completely alone, and without adequate testing, you will fail to see where the real information gaps are.
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Finally, get as much sleep as you can, because sleep is crucial to brain development.
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When awake for the first few hours in the day, our alpha brainwaves are most active,
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which is the brain state most suited to the acquisition of information and knowledge.
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A good study program should not only include exercise, short intense study sessions, and social learning, it should also include a good night's sleep and perhaps,
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if your day allows it, a cheeky power nap in the afternoon.
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A nap in the daytime will give you two bursts of alpha brainwaves for one day's study, and the benefit of sleep doesn't end there.
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When you acquire information, brain cells grow new connections that reach out and connect with one another.
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Sleep helps these cells grow and connect, so if we think of our brain as a tree, sleep is like the miracle grow,
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and while we sleep, all the tiny branches will grow and flourish.
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Conversely, all night study sessions do not work, as our ability to process information is hindered by our restlessness,
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and the information overload is simply overbearing.
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Scientific research has shown
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that it can take up to four days for our brains to return back to normal after
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we've been awake for an entire night.
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We should also take breaks every hour and not work straight through.
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Study for an hour, do some exercise, speak to a study friend, and then return to the source material.
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While some experts might argue, researchers at Stanford School of Medicine agree that playing certain types of music,
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such as classical, may help students engage in the source material.
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While some of us prefer complete silence, an uplifting piece of non -distracting music, without lyrics, may improve mood and increase the chances of information retention.
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In active learning studies, some scholars have suggested that dopamine is the brain's save button, so some light, uplifting music,
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a favorite warm drink, and a box of cookies could also help us retain knowledge, as the brain, while in its reward mode,
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is more receptive to whatever stimuli is present, including that study material.
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Also, science has shown us that, as ridiculous as it may seem, striking a power pose before entering the exam room may be to our benefit.
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So think Superman or Wonder Woman.
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Put your hands on your hips, move your legs apart, chest expanded, deep breath, and say something awe -inspiring.
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You may want to do this in private, like in the bathroom before a test, but this is completely your own choice.
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Although you may feel stupid, and will probably look a bit odd, this posturing will reduce the stress hormone cortisol and increase testosterone,
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making you scientifically stronger and better prepared for that test.
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So, remember to take breaks, sleep, exercise, talk about your material with study pals,
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strike a pose, and you'll be as good as ready for that test.
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Are there other tried and true methods that we failed to mention?
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Let us know in the comments.
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Also, be sure to check out our other video called Private Schools vs Public Schools.
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And as always, don't forget to like, share and subscribe.
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See you next time!
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « Scientifically Proven Best Ways to Study ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : study, brain, exercise, sleep, sessions. Cette vidéo contient 48 phrases et 1086 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 5:38. Le locuteur parle vite, environ 193 mots par minute : attendez-vous à des liaisons et à des sons réduits. 84 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| examination nom | /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ | examen |
| compare verbe | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | comparer |
| mood nom | /muːd/ | humeur, mauvaise humeur |
| connect verbe | /kəˈnɛkt/ | accoupler, connecter |
| greatly adverbe | /ˈɡɹeɪ̯t.li/ | grandement |
| crucial adjectif | /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/ | crucial |
| alpha nom | /ˈæl.fə/ | alpha |
| awake verbe | /əˈweɪk/ | se réveiller |
| pose verbe | /poʊz/ | poser |
| hormone nom | /ˈhoɹmoʊn/ | hormone |
| retention nom | /ɹɪˈtɛnʃən/ | rétention |
| maximize verbe | /ˈmæksəmaɪz/ | maximiser |
| topic nom | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | sujet, thème |
| gap nom | /ɡæp/ | brèche, écart |
| occur verbe | /əˈkɜː/ | se produire, avoir lieu |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| break up verbe | rompre, couper |
| check out verbe | mater, regarder |
| figure out verbe | cerner |
| put down verbe | médire |
| reach out verbe | tendre la main |
| turn out verbe | se finir, se terminer |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | has been · has expressed · has been proven |
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | are required · has been proven · is hindered |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 8 contractions et formes réduites, comme doesn't, isn't, don't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: smooth /smuːð/, breathe /bɹiːð/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, retention /ɹɪˈtɛnʃən/, exposure /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/, acquisition /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, ridiculous /ɹɪˈdɪk.jə.ləs/, acquisition /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/, transformation /ˌtɹæns.fɔɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/, traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: hormone /ˈhoɹmoʊn/, hip /hɪp/, enhance /ɪnˈhæns/, helper /ˈhɛlpɚ/, hinder /ˈhɪndɚ/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: engage /ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒ/, researcher /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/, posture /ˈpɑst͡ʃɚ/, cheeky /ˈt͡ʃiːki/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: greatly /ˈɡɹeɪ̯t.li/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, retain /ɹəˈteɪn/, hormone /ˈhoɹmoʊn/, retention /ɹɪˈtɛnʃən/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme examination, compare, mood.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.