Pratique du Shadowing: What Happens When You Die? - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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What happens when you finally kick the bucket, so to speak?
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Despite our mostly science -grounded views on death these days, it seems many of us believe in life after it.
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In 2014, UK citizens were polled by the Telegraph, and just under 60 % of respondents said they believe some part of us lives on.
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In the US, still a very Christian nation, Pew Research in 2015 asked people what happened after you die.
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The survey found that 72 % of Americans believed you go to heaven,
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which was described as a place where people who have led good lives are eternally rewarded.
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54 % of U .S adults replied that they believed in hell,
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which was described as a place where people who have led bad lives and die without being sorry are eternally punished.
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With that in mind, welcome to this episode of the Infographics Show, What Happens When You Die?
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It seems a lot of people do believe that after death we might be ensconced in some cloud -strewn paradise,
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or conversely, if we haven't adhered to the ethics prescribed to us by our chosen religion or denomination of that religion,
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we might be faced with eternal hellfire
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and the prospect of groveling to a bearded red man who hardly ever puts down his pitchfork.
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But let's start with some empirical realism and what actually happens to the body when we die.
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Physicians know you're dead because the heart stops beating and there is no longer any electrical activity in your brain.
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Brain death equals dead, although machines can keep you going a little bit longer.
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You can also have what's called a cardiac death, which means the heart stops beating and blood no longer flows through your body.
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The strange, even wonderful thing is, people that have suffered cardiac death
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but have been brought back to life have said they were aware of what was going on around them.
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Others have talked about walking towards a light in such a near -death experience.
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You can be brought back from what we call clinical death, but you only have a grace period of about 4 -6 minutes.
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But let's say you get to the light and pass through.
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This is what we call biological death.
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Game over, the final whistle, dead as a dodo.
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This is where it gets kind of undignified, but what do you care, you're dead.
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Once you're definitely no longer with us, your muscles relax, and this means your sphincter will too,
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meaning that triple whopper and large fries you had for lunch will spill out of you.
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The gas you have in you may also leak out and cause a stink.
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The same goes for the pee you've got in your bladder.
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So dying, not surprisingly, is a bit of a messy affair.
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And men, you might even ejaculate.
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As for women, you may give birth after you have died if you were pregnant, which is something called coffin birth.
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It doesn't happen often, though.
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Instead of pushing, it's the gases in the abdomen that squeeze the newborn into the world.
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As the body gets rid of what is trapped inside, noises may be emitted from your mouth as air escapes.
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Nurses and people working close to dead bodies have regularly reported hearing very alive -sounding moans and groans coming from dead bodies.
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You may twitch, but this doesn't mean there is life in you, these are just muscle contractions.
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You could also soon get an erection if you died lying on your stomach and the blood flowed down there.
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All your blood will pool to a certain area of your body.
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This is called liver mortis, and it's the reason parts of you will have that dark purple color you have seen on TV.
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These are the lovely things that can happen quite shortly after you go.
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With no blood flowing through your body, it will begin to cool down, known as algor mortis, or simply death chill.
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It will keep cooling until it is the same temperature as your surroundings, you will become stiff within about 2 -6 hours,
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and this we call rigor mortis.
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This is because calcium is getting into your muscle cells,
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cells break down without blood flow and this leads to bacteria growth and that's why you start to decompose.
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You may look like your hair or your nails have grown, but that isn't the case.
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What is happening is that your skin is receding, giving the impression of growth.
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The skin will loosen too, and blisters will appear on the body.
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The next stage is putrefaction, when bacteria and microorganisms start feasting on you.
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You'll soon start to stink as bad as anything you could have imagined while you were alive.
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One person described the smell as rotten eggs, feces, and a used toilet left out for a month, times 1000.
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It is unholy.
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Soon everything that is soft becomes liquefied, with things like bones, cartilage, and hair remaining strong.
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You're already well on your way to decomposing by the time you are being put in the ground, ground, but if embalmed and buried,
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decomposition could be a slow process.
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Left above ground, you'll be a liquefied mess within about a month, feasted on by insects, maggots, plants and animals.
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Underground, some experts say it might take 8 -12 years before you are reduced to nothing but a skeleton.
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After around 50 years, even your bones will become part of the earth.
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We should add the rate of decomposition depends on all manner of factors, too many to list here, but we think you get the picture.
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While some people report that their near -death experience was a scene to behold, that's That's not always the case.
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One person writing on Reddit said his experience was as follows, it was just black emptiness, no thoughts, no consciousness, nothing.
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Is there really something else?
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French philosopher René Descartes believed the soul was separate from the body, as many religions will tell you, and perhaps when we die, something lingers on.
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Friedrich Nietzsche talked about the concept of eternal recurrence,
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or eternal return, meaning all existence or energy in the universe has forever and will forever keep repeating itself ad infinitum.
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You live the same life again and again forever.
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Now doesn't that make you want to live well?
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Here we can make similarities to the Buddhist belief of the Wheel of Samsara wherein all souls
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or lives will begin a cycle again after death, except not the same exact life,
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something we call reincarnation, which some people say is connected to what we sometimes call deja vu.
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Buddhists believe we can end this vicious cycle if we can become truly enlightened, therefore achieving nirvana.
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Or do we make our way to heaven after our bodies stop working,
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tipping our cap to St. Peter at the pearly gates hoping he won't deny us entrance for stealing
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that candy bar when we went on a school trip to Niagara Falls.
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Will we be taken into paradise, a place replete with excellent foods and gorgeous maidens that make your dead knees go weak?
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Or will we simply seed the earth, our souls nothing more than a worldly fancy
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that took our minds off our cosmic insignificance and the feeling of futility that we sometimes experience here on Terra Firma?
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While this video was pretty grim, let's for a second step away and think about your life now and how you can make it better.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « What Happens When You Die? ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : die, dead, blood, happen. Cette vidéo contient 69 phrases et 1374 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 6:16. Le locuteur parle vite, environ 219 mots par minute : attendez-vous à des liaisons et à des sons réduits. 83 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| muscle nom | /ˈmʌs.əl/ | muscle |
| eternal adjectif | /ɪˈtɝ.nl̩/ | éternel |
| bone nom | /boʊn/ | os |
| paradise nom | /ˈpæɹədaɪs/ | paradis, cieux |
| subscribe verbe | /səbˈskɹaɪb/ | abonner, s'abonner |
| feast nom | /ˈfiːst/ | fête |
| cardiac adjectif | /ˈkɑɹdiˌæk/ | cardiaque |
| shortly adverbe | /ˈʃɔɹtli/ | rapidement |
| belief nom | /bɪˈliːf/ | croyance |
| cloud nom | /ˈklaʊ̯d/ | nuage |
| egg nom | /ɛɡ/ | œuf |
| suffer verbe | /ˈsʌfɚ/ | souffrir |
| stomach nom | /ˈstʌmək/ | estomac |
| steal verbe | /stiːl/ | voler |
| nurse nom | /nɝs/ | infirmière, infirmier |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| break down verbe | tomber en panne | |
| check out verbe | mater, regarder | |
| cool down verbe | /kuːl ˈdaʊn/ | se refroidir, refroidir |
| figure out verbe | cerner | |
| pass through verbe | traverser | |
| put down verbe | médire |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | were polled · was described · might be ensconced |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | have led · haven't adhered · have suffered |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | people who have · man who hardly · death, which means |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 17 contractions et formes réduites, comme don't, doesn't, you're. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: shortly /ˈʃɔɹtli/, impression /ɪmˈpɹɛʃn̩/, physician /fəˈzɪʃən/, consciousness /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/, punish /ˈpʌnɪʃ/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/, biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, surprisingly /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/, philosopher /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/, realism /ˈɹi.əlɪzəm/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: behold /bɪˈhəʊld/, adhere /ædˈhɪə/, hellfire /ˈhɛlˌfaɪəɹ/, unholy /ʌnˈhəʊli/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: gorgeous /ˈɡoɹd͡ʒəs/, biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, chill /tʃɪl/, twitch /twɪt͡ʃ/, cartilage /ˈkɑɹ.təl.ɪd͡ʒ/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: paradise /ˈpæɹədaɪs/, subscribe /səbˈskɹaɪb/, cardiac /ˈkɑɹdiˌæk/, shortly /ˈʃɔɹtli/, electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme muscle, eternal, bone.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.