Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: What Happens When You Die?
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95 câu
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What happens when you finally kick the bucket, so to speak?
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Despite our mostly science -grounded views on death these days, it seems many of us believe in life after it.
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In 2014, UK citizens were polled by the Telegraph, and just under 60 % of respondents said they believe some part of us lives on.
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In the US, still a very Christian nation, Pew Research in 2015 asked people what happened after you die.
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The survey found that 72 % of Americans believed you go to heaven,
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which was described as a place where people who have led good lives are eternally rewarded.
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54 % of U .S adults replied that they believed in hell,
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which was described as a place where people who have led bad lives and die without being sorry are eternally punished.
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With that in mind, welcome to this episode of the Infographics Show, What Happens When You Die?
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Don't forget to subscribe and click the bell button so that you can be part of our notification squad.
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It seems a lot of people do believe that after death we might be ensconced in some cloud -strewn paradise,
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or conversely, if we haven't adhered to the ethics prescribed to us by our chosen religion or denomination of that religion,
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we might be faced with eternal hellfire
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and the prospect of groveling to a bearded red man who hardly ever puts down his pitchfork.
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But let's start with some empirical realism and what actually happens to the body when we die.
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Physicians know you're dead because the heart stops beating and there is no longer any electrical activity in your brain.
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Brain death equals dead, although machines can keep you going a little bit longer.
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You can also have what's called a cardiac death, which means the heart stops beating and blood no longer flows through your body.
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The strange, even wonderful thing is, people that have suffered cardiac death
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but have been brought back to life have said they were aware of what was going on around them.
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Others have talked about walking towards a light in such a near -death experience.
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You can be brought back from what we call clinical death, but you only have a grace period of about 4 -6 minutes.
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But let's say you get to the light and pass through.
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This is what we call biological death.
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Game over, the final whistle, dead as a dodo.
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This is where it gets kind of undignified, but what do you care, you're dead.
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Once you're definitely no longer with us, your muscles relax, and this means your sphincter will too,
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meaning that triple whopper and large fries you had for lunch will spill out of you.
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The gas you have in you may also leak out and cause a stink.
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The same goes for the pee you've got in your bladder.
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So dying, not surprisingly, is a bit of a messy affair.
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And men, you might even ejaculate.
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As for women, you may give birth after you have died if you were pregnant, which is something called coffin birth.
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It doesn't happen often, though.
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Instead of pushing, it's the gases in the abdomen that squeeze the newborn into the world.
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As the body gets rid of what is trapped inside, noises may be emitted from your mouth as air escapes.
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Nurses and people working close to dead bodies have regularly reported hearing very alive -sounding moans and groans coming from dead bodies.
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You may twitch, but this doesn't mean there is life in you, these are just muscle contractions.
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You could also soon get an erection if you died lying on your stomach and the blood flowed down there.
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All your blood will pool to a certain area of your body.
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This is called liver mortis, and it's the reason parts of you will have that dark purple color you have seen on TV.
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These are the lovely things that can happen quite shortly after you go.
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With no blood flowing through your body, it will begin to cool down, known as algor mortis, or simply death chill.
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It will keep cooling until it is the same temperature as your surroundings, you will become stiff within about 2 -6 hours,
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and this we call rigor mortis.
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This is because calcium is getting into your muscle cells,
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cells break down without blood flow and this leads to bacteria growth and that's why you start to decompose.
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You may look like your hair or your nails have grown, but that isn't the case.
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What is happening is that your skin is receding, giving the impression of growth.
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The skin will loosen too, and blisters will appear on the body.
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The next stage is putrefaction, when bacteria and microorganisms start feasting on you.
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You'll soon start to stink as bad as anything you could have imagined while you were alive.
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One person described the smell as rotten eggs, feces, and a used toilet left out for a month, times 1000.
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It is unholy.
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Soon everything that is soft becomes liquefied, with things like bones, cartilage, and hair remaining strong.
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You're already well on your way to decomposing by the time you are being put in the ground, ground, but if embalmed and buried,
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decomposition could be a slow process.
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Left above ground, you'll be a liquefied mess within about a month, feasted on by insects, maggots, plants and animals.
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Underground, some experts say it might take 8 -12 years before you are reduced to nothing but a skeleton.
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After around 50 years, even your bones will become part of the earth.
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We should add the rate of decomposition depends on all manner of factors, too many to list here, but we think you get the picture.
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While some people report that their near -death experience was a scene to behold, that's That's not always the case.
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One person writing on Reddit said his experience was as follows, it was just black emptiness, no thoughts, no consciousness, nothing.
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Is there really something else?
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French philosopher René Descartes believed the soul was separate from the body, as many religions will tell you, and perhaps when we die, something lingers on.
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Friedrich Nietzsche talked about the concept of eternal recurrence,
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or eternal return, meaning all existence or energy in the universe has forever and will forever keep repeating itself ad infinitum.
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You live the same life again and again forever.
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Now doesn't that make you want to live well?
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Here we can make similarities to the Buddhist belief of the Wheel of Samsara wherein all souls
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or lives will begin a cycle again after death, except not the same exact life,
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something we call reincarnation, which some people say is connected to what we sometimes call deja vu.
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Buddhists believe we can end this vicious cycle if we can become truly enlightened, therefore achieving nirvana.
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Or do we make our way to heaven after our bodies stop working,
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tipping our cap to St. Peter at the pearly gates hoping he won't deny us entrance for stealing
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that candy bar when we went on a school trip to Niagara Falls.
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Will we be taken into paradise, a place replete with excellent foods and gorgeous maidens that make your dead knees go weak?
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Or will we simply seed the earth, our souls nothing more than a worldly fancy
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that took our minds off our cosmic insignificance and the feeling of futility that we sometimes experience here on Terra Firma?
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While this video was pretty grim, let's for a second step away and think about your life now and how you can make it better.
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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này
Bài luyện nói này dựa trên video “What Happens When You Die?”. Những từ được nhắc lại nhiều nhất trong bài: die, dead, blood, happen. Video này có 69 câu và 1374 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 6:16. Người nói nói nhanh, khoảng 219 từ mỗi phút, nên sẽ có nhiều chỗ nối âm và nuốt âm. 83% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất; phần còn lại nên xem trước khi luyện.
Từ vựng quan trọng trong video
15 từ đáng học trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| muscle danh từ | /ˈmʌs.əl/ | cơ, bắp thịt |
| bone danh từ | /boʊn/ | chất xương, xương |
| paradise danh từ | /ˈpæɹədaɪs/ | thiên đường |
| subscribe động từ | /səbˈskɹaɪb/ | đăng kí |
| feast danh từ | /ˈfiːst/ | tiệc |
| cloud danh từ | /ˈklaʊ̯d/ | mây |
| egg danh từ | /ɛɡ/ | trứng |
| suffer động từ | /ˈsʌfɚ/ | chịu đựng |
| stomach danh từ | /ˈstʌmək/ | dạ dày, bao tử |
| steal động từ | /stiːl/ | trộm, chôm |
| nurse danh từ | /nɝs/ | y tá |
| entrance danh từ | /ˈɛn.tɹəns/ | lối vào |
| connect động từ | /kəˈnɛkt/ | nối |
| impression danh từ | /ɪmˈpɹɛʃn̩/ | ấn tượng |
| poll danh từ | /poʊl/ | cuộc thăm dò ý kiến |
Cụm động từ bạn sẽ nghe
| Từ | Nghĩa |
|---|---|
| break down động từ | hỏng, hỏng hóc |
| check out động từ | tính tiền, trả phòng |
Ngữ pháp trong video
Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:
| Cấu trúc | Trong video |
|---|---|
| Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm | were polled · was described · might be ensconced |
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại | have led · haven't adhered · have suffered |
| Mệnh đề quan hệ who / which + mệnh đề — thêm thông tin về người hoặc vật | people who have · man who hardly · death, which means |
Phát âm cần chú ý
Người nói dùng 17 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ don't, doesn't, you're. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.
- Âm “sh” và “zh”: shortly /ˈʃɔɹtli/, impression /ɪmˈpɹɛʃn̩/, physician /fəˈzɪʃən/, consciousness /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/, punish /ˈpʌnɪʃ/
- Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/, biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, surprisingly /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/, philosopher /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/, realism /ˈɹi.əlɪzəm/
Những âm người Việt thường gặp khó:
- Cụm phụ âm cuối — đọc đủ từng âm, đừng nuốt âm cuối: feast /ˈfiːst/, entrance /ˈɛn.tɹəns/, connect /kəˈnɛkt/, reward /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/, underground /ˌʌn.dəɹˈɡɹaʊnd/
- Âm /tʃ/, /dʒ/ và /ʒ/ — tiếng Việt không có, đừng đọc thành “ch” hay “gi”: gorgeous /ˈɡoɹd͡ʒəs/, biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, chill /tʃɪl/, twitch /twɪt͡ʃ/, cartilage /ˈkɑɹ.təl.ɪd͡ʒ/
- Âm /æ/ — mở miệng rộng hơn âm “e”: paradise /ˈpæɹədaɪs/, cardiac /ˈkɑɹdiˌæk/, fancy /ˈfæn.si/, trap /tɹæp/, candy /ˈkæn.di/
Cách luyện với video này
- Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
- Bắt đầu ở tốc độ 0,75×, nói đuổi từng câu, rồi quay lại tốc độ bình thường khi đã quen.
- Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như muscle, bone, paradise.
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.