跟讀練習: What Happens When You Die? - 通過影片學習英語口語

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What happens when you finally kick the bucket, so to speak?

Despite our mostly science -grounded views on death these days, it seems many of us believe in life after it.

In 2014, UK citizens were polled by the Telegraph, and just under 60 % of respondents said they believe some part of us lives on.

In the US, still a very Christian nation, Pew Research in 2015 asked people what happened after you die.

The survey found that 72 % of Americans believed you go to heaven,

which was described as a place where people who have led good lives are eternally rewarded.

54 % of U .S adults replied that they believed in hell,

which was described as a place where people who have led bad lives and die without being sorry are eternally punished.

With that in mind, welcome to this episode of the Infographics Show, What Happens When You Die?

Don't forget to subscribe and click the bell button so that you can be part of our notification squad.

It seems a lot of people do believe that after death we might be ensconced in some cloud -strewn paradise,

or conversely, if we haven't adhered to the ethics prescribed to us by our chosen religion or denomination of that religion,

we might be faced with eternal hellfire

and the prospect of groveling to a bearded red man who hardly ever puts down his pitchfork.

But let's start with some empirical realism and what actually happens to the body when we die.

Physicians know you're dead because the heart stops beating and there is no longer any electrical activity in your brain.

Brain death equals dead, although machines can keep you going a little bit longer.

You can also have what's called a cardiac death, which means the heart stops beating and blood no longer flows through your body.

The strange, even wonderful thing is, people that have suffered cardiac death

but have been brought back to life have said they were aware of what was going on around them.

Others have talked about walking towards a light in such a near -death experience.

You can be brought back from what we call clinical death, but you only have a grace period of about 4 -6 minutes.

But let's say you get to the light and pass through.

This is what we call biological death.

Game over, the final whistle, dead as a dodo.

This is where it gets kind of undignified, but what do you care, you're dead.

Once you're definitely no longer with us, your muscles relax, and this means your sphincter will too,

meaning that triple whopper and large fries you had for lunch will spill out of you.

The gas you have in you may also leak out and cause a stink.

The same goes for the pee you've got in your bladder.

So dying, not surprisingly, is a bit of a messy affair.

And men, you might even ejaculate.

As for women, you may give birth after you have died if you were pregnant, which is something called coffin birth.

It doesn't happen often, though.

Instead of pushing, it's the gases in the abdomen that squeeze the newborn into the world.

As the body gets rid of what is trapped inside, noises may be emitted from your mouth as air escapes.

Nurses and people working close to dead bodies have regularly reported hearing very alive -sounding moans and groans coming from dead bodies.

You may twitch, but this doesn't mean there is life in you, these are just muscle contractions.

You could also soon get an erection if you died lying on your stomach and the blood flowed down there.

All your blood will pool to a certain area of your body.

This is called liver mortis, and it's the reason parts of you will have that dark purple color you have seen on TV.

These are the lovely things that can happen quite shortly after you go.

With no blood flowing through your body, it will begin to cool down, known as algor mortis, or simply death chill.

It will keep cooling until it is the same temperature as your surroundings, you will become stiff within about 2 -6 hours,

and this we call rigor mortis.

This is because calcium is getting into your muscle cells,

cells break down without blood flow and this leads to bacteria growth and that's why you start to decompose.

You may look like your hair or your nails have grown, but that isn't the case.

What is happening is that your skin is receding, giving the impression of growth.

The skin will loosen too, and blisters will appear on the body.

The next stage is putrefaction, when bacteria and microorganisms start feasting on you.

You'll soon start to stink as bad as anything you could have imagined while you were alive.

One person described the smell as rotten eggs, feces, and a used toilet left out for a month, times 1000.

It is unholy.

Soon everything that is soft becomes liquefied, with things like bones, cartilage, and hair remaining strong.

You're already well on your way to decomposing by the time you are being put in the ground, ground, but if embalmed and buried,

decomposition could be a slow process.

Left above ground, you'll be a liquefied mess within about a month, feasted on by insects, maggots, plants and animals.

Underground, some experts say it might take 8 -12 years before you are reduced to nothing but a skeleton.

After around 50 years, even your bones will become part of the earth.

We should add the rate of decomposition depends on all manner of factors, too many to list here, but we think you get the picture.

While some people report that their near -death experience was a scene to behold, that's That's not always the case.

One person writing on Reddit said his experience was as follows, it was just black emptiness, no thoughts, no consciousness, nothing.

Is there really something else?

French philosopher René Descartes believed the soul was separate from the body, as many religions will tell you, and perhaps when we die, something lingers on.

Friedrich Nietzsche talked about the concept of eternal recurrence,

or eternal return, meaning all existence or energy in the universe has forever and will forever keep repeating itself ad infinitum.

You live the same life again and again forever.

Now doesn't that make you want to live well?

Here we can make similarities to the Buddhist belief of the Wheel of Samsara wherein all souls

or lives will begin a cycle again after death, except not the same exact life,

something we call reincarnation, which some people say is connected to what we sometimes call deja vu.

Buddhists believe we can end this vicious cycle if we can become truly enlightened, therefore achieving nirvana.

Or do we make our way to heaven after our bodies stop working,

tipping our cap to St. Peter at the pearly gates hoping he won't deny us entrance for stealing

that candy bar when we went on a school trip to Niagara Falls.

Will we be taken into paradise, a place replete with excellent foods and gorgeous maidens that make your dead knees go weak?

Or will we simply seed the earth, our souls nothing more than a worldly fancy

that took our minds off our cosmic insignificance and the feeling of futility that we sometimes experience here on Terra Firma?

While this video was pretty grim, let's for a second step away and think about your life now and how you can make it better.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節口語課以影片“What Happens When You Die?”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：die, dead, blood, happen。這段影片共有 69 個句子、1374 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 6:16。說話人語速較快，每分鐘約 219 個詞，會出現較多連讀和弱讀。 83% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
muscle 名詞	/ˈmʌs.əl/	肌肉, 筋肉
eternal 形容詞	/ɪˈtɝ.nl̩/	永恆 /永恆, 永遠 /永遠
bone 名詞	/boʊn/	гўдў, гўдўзы
paradise 名詞	/ˈpæɹədaɪs/	天堂, 樂園 /樂園
subscribe 動詞	/səbˈskɹaɪb/	簽署 /簽署
feast 名詞	/ˈfiːst/	盛宴, 筵席
belief 名詞	/bɪˈliːf/	相信, 信心
cloud 名詞	/ˈklaʊ̯d/	йүн, 雲 /雲
egg 名詞	/ɛɡ/	卵, 卵子
suffer 動詞	/ˈsʌfɚ/	受苦, 遭受
stomach 名詞	/ˈstʌmək/	дўзы, 胃
steal 動詞	/stiːl/	偷, 盜 /盜
nurse 名詞	/nɝs/	護士 /護士, 看護 /看護
entrance 名詞	/ˈɛn.tɹəns/	入口, 門口 /門口
connect 動詞	/kəˈnɛkt/	連線 /連線

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞	發音	釋義
break down 動詞		壞了 /壞了, 出故障
check out 動詞		退房
cool down 動詞	/kuːl ˈdaʊn/	冷卻 /冷卻
figure out 動詞		弄清楚
put down 動詞		放下

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	were polled · was described · might be ensconced
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	have led · haven't adhered · have suffered
定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物	people who have · man who hardly · death, which means

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 17 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 don't, doesn't, you're。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

“sh” 和 “zh” 音: shortly /ˈʃɔɹtli/, impression /ɪmˈpɹɛʃn̩/, physician /fəˈzɪʃən/, consciousness /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/, punish /ˈpʌnɪʃ/
長單詞——注意重音位置: electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/, biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, surprisingly /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/, philosopher /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/, realism /ˈɹi.əlɪzəm/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

/v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: vicious /ˈvɪʃəs/, conversely /kənˈvɝsli/, grovel /ˈɡrɒvəl/, livor /ˈlaɪvɔəɹ/, nirvana /nɪɹˈvɑ.nə/
詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: paradise /ˈpæɹədaɪs/, subscribe /səbˈskɹaɪb/, feast /ˈfiːst/, cardiac /ˈkɑɹdiˌæk/, belief /bɪˈliːf/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: shortly /ˈʃɔɹtli/, electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/, triple /ˈtɹɪp.əl/, relax /ɹɪˈlæks/, surprisingly /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 muscle, eternal, bone 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: What Happens When You Die? - 通過影片學習英語口語

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