シャドーイング練習: The Tribute System: The new World Order - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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The world order is definitely changing, but it happens at a pace in which it's like watching a child grow
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or people change in that there are these moments.
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But that evolutionary change can almost be elusive to us.
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We don't we might not see that.
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And but we see symptoms of it.
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And as you know, I believe it's driven by five major forces, which are the debt money economy force,
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the internal political and social order,
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the international world order, how countries deal with each other, what the system is, acts of nature and technologies.
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And so we are seeing with the war in Iran,
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we are seeing a change in the perception of the United States and its population,
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its willingness to fight a war and endure.
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You know, if you fight a war, it's painful, costly, and people die and all of that.
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And because there's a reluctance to do that and there are other constraints,
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such as financial constraints and also how many resources do you put into this, what your military hardware like,
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All of those constraints has led to a general perception among a lot of world leaders
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that maybe the United States
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and the American public are going to be less reliable in standing up of enforcing that world order.
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So it may enter into the issue of alliances, you know, and that changes the world order.
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And, of course, there's a rising power in the form, particularly China.
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So we have, let's say, the two leading powers in many ways, not only just the size of their economies, but the new technologies and so on.
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These are two great powers.
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And the important thing in the new world order is how those parties get along and how they operate with each other.
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And I think it's important to understand the Chinese approach.
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And that Chinese approach, which has developed really over thousands of years to an American audience or a non-Chinese audience,
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when I say thousands of years it seems implausible.
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But there is a culture, a deep culture, in terms of the desire not to fight,
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but the element of there are differences in powers, and there's hierarchy.
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And what that means is that there's a system for dealing with
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that in which the more powerful deal with the less powerful in a certain way that is considerate, and that there's mutual consideration,
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and an attempt to not have fighting wars as the means of resolving that.
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And they have the art of war.
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The art of war is a philosophy,
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essentially, in that if you're having physical damaging each other,
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you mustn't have been smart enough to win without that.
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And so that comes to knowing how to exert pressure and so on.
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Well, these things are now changing the world order.
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So it's not the United States as being the American order all around the world.
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We are coming into this other order in
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which you're going to have to find a way of being able to have conflicts and resolve conflicts without use of military.
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We all hope for that.
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And so their tribute system is an interesting system to watch watch out when I say there, I mean the Chinese tribute system,
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is an interesting system to follow.
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I believe that you're going to see them follow a tribute system, art of war type of system.
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And I think that it's of all of our interest to understand what that is.
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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson
This C1 speaking lesson is built on the video “The Tribute System: The new World Order”. The speaker keeps coming back to these words: Chinese, constraints, tribute, fight. This video has 44 sentences and 586 words to shadow. The speech runs for 4:33. The speaker talks at a steady 129 words per minute, a comfortable pace for shadowing. 89% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English; the rest is worth studying before you start.
Key vocabulary in this video
The 12 most advanced words in the video, with pronunciation and meaning:
| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| constraint noun | /kənˈstɹeɪnt/ | Something that constrains; a restriction. |
| considerate adjective | /kənˈsɪdəɹət/ | Consciously thoughtful and observant (often of other people and their rights, needs, feelings and comfort). |
| elusive adjective | /ɪˈl(j)u.sɪv/ | Evading capture, comprehension or remembrance. |
| implausible adjective | Not plausible; unlikely; dubious. | |
| reluctance noun | /ɹɪˈlʌktəns/ | Unwillingness to do something. |
| symptom noun | /ˈsɪm(p)təm/ | A perceived change in some function, sensation or appearance of a person that indicates a disease or disorder, such as fever, headache or rash; strictly, a… |
| hierarchy noun | /ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/ | A body of authoritative officials organized in nested ranks. |
| willingness noun | /ˈwɪlɪŋnəs/ | The state of being willing |
| evolutionary adjective | /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/ | Of or relating to the biological theory of evolution. |
| endure verb | /ɪnˈd͡ʒʊə(ɹ)/ | To continue or carry on, despite obstacles or hardships; to persist. |
| costly adjective | /ˈkɒst.li/ | Of high cost; expensive. |
| enforce verb | /ɪnˈfoɹs/ | To keep up, impose or bring into effect something, not necessarily by force. |
Phrasal verbs you will hear
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| get along verb | To interact or coexist well, without argument or trouble. |
| watch out | Used to warn someone of an imminent danger. |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | has led · has developed · have been |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | forces, which are · approach, which has |
Pronunciation to watch
The speaker uses 5 contractions and reduced forms, such as you're, don't, mustn't. Say them the short way, as you hear them.
- Long words — get the stress right: considerate /kənˈsɪdəɹət/, hierarchy /ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/
How to practise with this video
- Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
- Shadow it sentence by sentence at normal speed, repeating each one until your rhythm matches the speaker.
- Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like constraint, considerate, elusive.
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。