跟讀練習: The Tribute System: The new World Order - 通過影片學習英語口語

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The world order is definitely changing, but it happens at a pace in which it's like watching a child grow

or people change in that there are these moments.

But that evolutionary change can almost be elusive to us.

We don't we might not see that.

And but we see symptoms of it.

And as you know, I believe it's driven by five major forces, which are the debt money economy force,

the internal political and social order,

the international world order, how countries deal with each other, what the system is, acts of nature and technologies.

And so we are seeing with the war in Iran,

we are seeing a change in the perception of the United States and its population,

its willingness to fight a war and endure.

You know, if you fight a war, it's painful, costly, and people die and all of that.

And because there's a reluctance to do that and there are other constraints,

such as financial constraints and also how many resources do you put into this, what your military hardware like,

All of those constraints has led to a general perception among a lot of world leaders

that maybe the United States

and the American public are going to be less reliable in standing up of enforcing that world order.

So it may enter into the issue of alliances, you know, and that changes the world order.

And, of course, there's a rising power in the form, particularly China.

So we have, let's say, the two leading powers in many ways, not only just the size of their economies, but the new technologies and so on.

These are two great powers.

And the important thing in the new world order is how those parties get along and how they operate with each other.

And I think it's important to understand the Chinese approach.

And that Chinese approach, which has developed really over thousands of years to an American audience or a non-Chinese audience,

when I say thousands of years it seems implausible.

But there is a culture, a deep culture, in terms of the desire not to fight,

but the element of there are differences in powers, and there's hierarchy.

And what that means is that there's a system for dealing with

that in which the more powerful deal with the less powerful in a certain way that is considerate, and that there's mutual consideration,

and an attempt to not have fighting wars as the means of resolving that.

And they have the art of war.

The art of war is a philosophy,

essentially, in that if you're having physical damaging each other,

you mustn't have been smart enough to win without that.

And so that comes to knowing how to exert pressure and so on.

Well, these things are now changing the world order.

So it's not the United States as being the American order all around the world.

We are coming into this other order in

which you're going to have to find a way of being able to have conflicts and resolve conflicts without use of military.

We all hope for that.

And so their tribute system is an interesting system to watch watch out when I say there, I mean the Chinese tribute system,

is an interesting system to follow.

I believe that you're going to see them follow a tribute system, art of war type of system.

And I think that it's of all of our interest to understand what that is.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節 C1 級別的口語課以影片“The Tribute System: The new World Order”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：Chinese, constraints, tribute, fight。這段影片共有 44 個句子、586 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 4:33。說話人語速平穩，每分鐘約 129 個詞，很適合跟讀。 89% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中最難的 9 個單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
constraint 名詞	/kənˈstɹeɪnt/	約束 /約束
considerate 形容詞	/kənˈsɪdəɹət/	體貼 /體貼
elusive 形容詞	/ɪˈl(j)u.sɪv/	難以描述的, 難以捉摸
reluctance 名詞	/ɹɪˈlʌktəns/	勉強
symptom 名詞	/ˈsɪm(p)təm/	症狀 /症狀, 病徵 /病徵
hierarchy 名詞	/ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/	等級制度 /等級制度, 階層 /階層
willingness 名詞	/ˈwɪlɪŋnəs/	願意 /願意
endure 動詞	/ɪnˈd͡ʒʊə(ɹ)/	承受, 忍受
enforce 動詞	/ɪnˈfoɹs/	實施 /實施, 執行 /執行

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞	釋義
get along 動詞	相處 /相處
watch out	小心！

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	has led · has developed · have been
定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物	forces, which are · approach, which has

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 5 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 you're, don't, mustn't。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

長單詞——注意重音位置: considerate /kənˈsɪdəɹət/, hierarchy /ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

/v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: elusive /ɪˈl(j)u.sɪv/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/
詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: constraint /kənˈstɹeɪnt/, considerate /kənˈsɪdəɹət/, elusive /ɪˈl(j)u.sɪv/, reluctance /ɹɪˈlʌktəns/, willingness /ˈwɪlɪŋnəs/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: reluctance /ɹɪˈlʌktəns/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 constraint, considerate, elusive 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

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跟讀練習: The Tribute System: The new World Order - 通過影片學習英語口語

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