跟读练习: The Tribute System: The new World Order - 通过视频学习英语口语
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The world order is definitely changing, but it happens at a pace in which it's like watching a child grow
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or people change in that there are these moments.
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But that evolutionary change can almost be elusive to us.
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We don't we might not see that.
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And but we see symptoms of it.
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And as you know, I believe it's driven by five major forces, which are the debt money economy force,
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the internal political and social order,
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the international world order, how countries deal with each other, what the system is, acts of nature and technologies.
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And so we are seeing with the war in Iran,
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we are seeing a change in the perception of the United States and its population,
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its willingness to fight a war and endure.
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You know, if you fight a war, it's painful, costly, and people die and all of that.
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And because there's a reluctance to do that and there are other constraints,
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such as financial constraints and also how many resources do you put into this, what your military hardware like,
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All of those constraints has led to a general perception among a lot of world leaders
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that maybe the United States
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and the American public are going to be less reliable in standing up of enforcing that world order.
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So it may enter into the issue of alliances, you know, and that changes the world order.
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And, of course, there's a rising power in the form, particularly China.
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So we have, let's say, the two leading powers in many ways, not only just the size of their economies, but the new technologies and so on.
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These are two great powers.
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And the important thing in the new world order is how those parties get along and how they operate with each other.
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And I think it's important to understand the Chinese approach.
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And that Chinese approach, which has developed really over thousands of years to an American audience or a non-Chinese audience,
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when I say thousands of years it seems implausible.
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But there is a culture, a deep culture, in terms of the desire not to fight,
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but the element of there are differences in powers, and there's hierarchy.
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And what that means is that there's a system for dealing with
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that in which the more powerful deal with the less powerful in a certain way that is considerate, and that there's mutual consideration,
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and an attempt to not have fighting wars as the means of resolving that.
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And they have the art of war.
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The art of war is a philosophy,
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essentially, in that if you're having physical damaging each other,
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you mustn't have been smart enough to win without that.
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And so that comes to knowing how to exert pressure and so on.
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Well, these things are now changing the world order.
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So it's not the United States as being the American order all around the world.
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We are coming into this other order in
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which you're going to have to find a way of being able to have conflicts and resolve conflicts without use of military.
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We all hope for that.
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And so their tribute system is an interesting system to watch watch out when I say there, I mean the Chinese tribute system,
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is an interesting system to follow.
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I believe that you're going to see them follow a tribute system, art of war type of system.
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And I think that it's of all of our interest to understand what that is.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节 C1 级别的口语课以视频“The Tribute System: The new World Order”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：Chinese, constraints, tribute, fight。 这段视频共有 44 个句子、586 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 4:33。 说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 129 个词，很适合跟读。 89% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中最难的 9 个单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| constraint 名词 | /kənˈstɹeɪnt/ | 約束 /约束 |
| considerate 形容词 | /kənˈsɪdəɹət/ | 體貼 /体贴 |
| elusive 形容词 | /ɪˈl(j)u.sɪv/ | 难以描述的, 难以捉摸 |
| reluctance 名词 | /ɹɪˈlʌktəns/ | 勉强 |
| symptom 名词 | /ˈsɪm(p)təm/ | 症狀 /症状, 病徵 /病征 |
| hierarchy 名词 | /ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/ | 等級制度 /等级制度, 階層 /阶层 |
| willingness 名词 | /ˈwɪlɪŋnəs/ | 願意 /愿意 |
| endure 动词 | /ɪnˈd͡ʒʊə(ɹ)/ | 承受, 忍受 |
| enforce 动词 | /ɪnˈfoɹs/ | 實施 /实施, 執行 /执行 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| get along 动词 | 相處 /相处 |
| watch out | 小心！ |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | has led · has developed · have been |
| 定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物 | forces, which are · approach, which has |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 5 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 you're, don't, mustn't。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- 长单词——注意重音位置: considerate /kənˈsɪdəɹət/, hierarchy /ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: elusive /ɪˈl(j)u.sɪv/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: constraint /kənˈstɹeɪnt/, considerate /kənˈsɪdəɹət/, elusive /ɪˈl(j)u.sɪv/, reluctance /ɹɪˈlʌktəns/, willingness /ˈwɪlɪŋnəs/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: reluctance /ɹɪˈlʌktəns/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 constraint, considerate, elusive 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。