Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: The Tribute System: The new World Order
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The world order is definitely changing, but it happens at a pace in which it's like watching a child grow
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or people change in that there are these moments.
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But that evolutionary change can almost be elusive to us.
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We don't we might not see that.
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And but we see symptoms of it.
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And as you know, I believe it's driven by five major forces, which are the debt money economy force,
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the internal political and social order,
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the international world order, how countries deal with each other, what the system is, acts of nature and technologies.
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And so we are seeing with the war in Iran,
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we are seeing a change in the perception of the United States and its population,
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its willingness to fight a war and endure.
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You know, if you fight a war, it's painful, costly, and people die and all of that.
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And because there's a reluctance to do that and there are other constraints,
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such as financial constraints and also how many resources do you put into this, what your military hardware like,
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All of those constraints has led to a general perception among a lot of world leaders
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that maybe the United States
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and the American public are going to be less reliable in standing up of enforcing that world order.
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So it may enter into the issue of alliances, you know, and that changes the world order.
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And, of course, there's a rising power in the form, particularly China.
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So we have, let's say, the two leading powers in many ways, not only just the size of their economies, but the new technologies and so on.
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These are two great powers.
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And the important thing in the new world order is how those parties get along and how they operate with each other.
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And I think it's important to understand the Chinese approach.
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And that Chinese approach, which has developed really over thousands of years to an American audience or a non-Chinese audience,
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when I say thousands of years it seems implausible.
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But there is a culture, a deep culture, in terms of the desire not to fight,
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but the element of there are differences in powers, and there's hierarchy.
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And what that means is that there's a system for dealing with
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that in which the more powerful deal with the less powerful in a certain way that is considerate, and that there's mutual consideration,
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and an attempt to not have fighting wars as the means of resolving that.
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And they have the art of war.
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The art of war is a philosophy,
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essentially, in that if you're having physical damaging each other,
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you mustn't have been smart enough to win without that.
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And so that comes to knowing how to exert pressure and so on.
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Well, these things are now changing the world order.
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So it's not the United States as being the American order all around the world.
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We are coming into this other order in
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which you're going to have to find a way of being able to have conflicts and resolve conflicts without use of military.
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We all hope for that.
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And so their tribute system is an interesting system to watch watch out when I say there, I mean the Chinese tribute system,
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is an interesting system to follow.
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I believe that you're going to see them follow a tribute system, art of war type of system.
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And I think that it's of all of our interest to understand what that is.
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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson
This C1 speaking lesson is built on the video “The Tribute System: The new World Order”. The speaker keeps coming back to these words: Chinese, constraints, tribute, fight. This video has 44 sentences and 586 words to shadow. The speech runs for 4:33. The speaker talks at a steady 129 words per minute, a comfortable pace for shadowing. 89% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English; the rest is worth studying before you start.
Key vocabulary in this video
The 12 most advanced words in the video, with pronunciation and meaning:
| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| constraint noun | /kənˈstɹeɪnt/ | Something that constrains; a restriction. |
| considerate adjective | /kənˈsɪdəɹət/ | Consciously thoughtful and observant (often of other people and their rights, needs, feelings and comfort). |
| elusive adjective | /ɪˈl(j)u.sɪv/ | Evading capture, comprehension or remembrance. |
| implausible adjective | Not plausible; unlikely; dubious. | |
| reluctance noun | /ɹɪˈlʌktəns/ | Unwillingness to do something. |
| symptom noun | /ˈsɪm(p)təm/ | A perceived change in some function, sensation or appearance of a person that indicates a disease or disorder, such as fever, headache or rash; strictly, a… |
| hierarchy noun | /ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/ | A body of authoritative officials organized in nested ranks. |
| willingness noun | /ˈwɪlɪŋnəs/ | The state of being willing |
| evolutionary adjective | /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/ | Of or relating to the biological theory of evolution. |
| endure verb | /ɪnˈd͡ʒʊə(ɹ)/ | To continue or carry on, despite obstacles or hardships; to persist. |
| costly adjective | /ˈkɒst.li/ | Of high cost; expensive. |
| enforce verb | /ɪnˈfoɹs/ | To keep up, impose or bring into effect something, not necessarily by force. |
Phrasal verbs you will hear
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| get along verb | To interact or coexist well, without argument or trouble. |
| watch out | Used to warn someone of an imminent danger. |
Ngữ pháp trong video
Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:
| Cấu trúc | Trong video |
|---|---|
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại | has led · has developed · have been |
| Mệnh đề quan hệ who / which + mệnh đề — thêm thông tin về người hoặc vật | forces, which are · approach, which has |
Pronunciation to watch
The speaker uses 5 contractions and reduced forms, such as you're, don't, mustn't. Say them the short way, as you hear them.
- Long words — get the stress right: considerate /kənˈsɪdəɹət/, hierarchy /ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/
How to practise with this video
- Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
- Shadow it sentence by sentence at normal speed, repeating each one until your rhythm matches the speaker.
- Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like constraint, considerate, elusive.
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.